Environmental Health Criteria Research Articles

Global activities in the world of reference materials including the needs of developing countries

Proceedings of previous BERM meetings have been used to assess emerging trends in the development of RMs to meet AQC requirements of clinical, food, nutrition, and environmental health areas. BRM-1 reflected a strong need to initiate and expand RM activities for certifying organic nutrients in foods. BRM-2 highlighted the distinction between primary (certified) and secondary (e.g. check samples for proficiency testing) RMs1. BRM-3 identified the need for producing different levels of an analyte in a given matrix (spiked standards) to address matrix related measurement problems in foods. BERM-4 highlighted the need for a global vision in dealing with standards, illustrated by the activities of GESREM. Also, the logistics required for setting up intercomparison programs related to food safety monitoring programs were outlined. BERM-5 presented the changing outlook of the AOAC International in recognizing the usefulness of incorporating RMs for use in conjunction with their methods validation protocol. BERM-6 brought to the forefront the concern for traceability of chemical measurements to internationally recognized standards. BERM-7 recognized the need for multidisciplinary approaches for preparing certain types of CRMs, partly in response to the measurement needs arising from governmental regulations dealing with food safety and environmental health criteria. Finally, BERM symposia have promoted a meaningful dialogue on the RM needs of African, Asian and South American countries and provided the developing countries opportunities to discuss their problems with the international analytical community. The issue of health safety is involved in movement of foodstuffs between countries, and therefore, international efforts as voiced by the World Health Organization to provide guidance and assistance in AQC matters to the needy countries deserve consideration.

Concepts of the International Programme on Chemical Safety in the Assessment of Risks to Human Health from Exposure to Chemicals

The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) is a cooperative program of the World Health Organization, the International Labour Organization, and the United Nations Environment Programme. The main objectives of its risk assessment work are to provide, on a global basis, consensus assessments of priority chemicals (including pesticides) and to promote the development, validation, use, and harmonization of sound methodologies for risk assessment. The IPCS provides a number of comprehensive risk assessment documents, the most prominent of which are the Environmental Health Criteria monographs. In addition, evaluations of chemicals in food, air, and drinking water are conducted, and health-and environment-based guidelines for exposure are developed. In deriving guidance values for exposure to chemicals, the risk assessment paradigm of the National Academy of Sciences is followed. The development of guidance values for exposure is based on the calculation of a total intake from all sources. The process involves the identification of the critical effects and the pivotal studies, the derivation of a no (or lowest) observed adverse effect level, the application of (preferably data-derived) uncertainty factors, and the partitioning of the overall tolerable intake among all possible routes of exposure. Work on risk assessment methodologies is directed toward the promotion of scientifically sound approaches to evaluating risks to human health and the environment from exposure to chemicals. Special focus is placed on a project of harmonization of risk assessment methodologies.

Risk Based Tiered Approach (RBTASM) for Pollution Prevention

ABSTRACTEffective management of human health and ecological hazards in the manufacturing and maintenance environment can be achieved by focusing on the risks associated with these operations. The NDCEE Industrial Health Risk Assessment (IHRA) Program is developing a comprehensive approach to risk analysis applied to existing processes and used to evaluate alternatives. The IHRA Risk-Based Tiered Approach (RBTASM) builds on the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Risk-Based Corrective Action (RBCA) effort to remediate underground storage tanks. Using readily available information, a semi-quantitative ranking of alternatives based on environmental, safety, and occupational health criteria was produced. A Rapid Screening Assessment of alternative corrosion protection products was performed on behalf of the Joint Group on Acquisition Pollution Prevention (JG-APP). Using the RBTASM in pollution prevention alternative selection required higher tiered analysis and more detailed assessment of human health risks under site-specific conditions. This example illustrates the RBTASMfor a organic finishing line using three different products (one conventional spray and two alternative powder coats). The human health risk information developed using the RBTASM is considered along with product performance, regulatory, and cost information by risk managers downselecting alternatives for implementation or further analysis.

Environmental Health Criteria series

Environmental Health Criteria series

Book Reviews : Environmental Health Criteria 157, Hydroquinone by International Programme on Chemical Safety IPCS. Published by World Health Organization, 1994. 178pp. Sw fr 27. Paperback. ISBN: 92 4 157157 8

Book Reviews : Environmental Health Criteria 157, Hydroquinone by International Programme on Chemical Safety IPCS. Published by World Health Organization, 1994. 178pp. Sw fr 27. Paperback. ISBN: 92 4 157157 8

International programme on chemical safety (IPCS) environmental health criteria

International programme on chemical safety (IPCS) environmental health criteria

Quality Management for Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria No. 141

Quality Management for Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria No. 141

Book Reviws

AbstractSoils and the Environment – An Introduction, by A. Wild. Published by Cambridge University Press, The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RPGroundwater Microbiology and Geochemistry, by F. H. Chapelle. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Baffins Lane, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1UDFocus on European Environmental Law, by Ludwig Kramer. Published by Sweet and Maxwell Ltd, South Quay Plaza, 183 Marsh Wall, London E14 9FTLand of Singing Waters – Rivers and Great Floods of Northumbria, by D. Archer. Published by The Spredden Press, Brocksbushes Farm, Stocksfield, Northumbria NE45 7UBReservoir Flood Estimation: Another Look, by Duncan W. Reed and Elizabeth K. Field. IH Report 114. Published by The Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BBFunctions of Nature – Evaluation of Nature in Environmental Planning, Management and Decision Making, by R. S. de Groot. Published by Wolters Noordhoff bv, PO Box 58, 9700 MB, Groningen, The NetherlandsContaminated Land: Problems and Solutions. Edited by T. Cairney. Published by Blackie Academic and Professional, an imprint of Chapman and Hall, Wester Cleddens Road, Bishopbriggs, Glasgow G64 2NZUrban Waterside Regeneration – Problems and Prospects. Edited by K. N. White, E. G. Bellinger, A. J. Saul, M. Symes and K. Hendry. Published by Ellis Horwood Ltd, Market Cross House, Cooper Street, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 1EBEnvironmental Health Criteria, No. 134: Cadmium and Environmental Health Criteria, No. 135: Cadmium – Environmental Aspects. Published by the World Health Organisation, 1211 Geneva 27, SwitzerlandErosion and Sediment Transport Monitoring Programmes in River Basins. Edited by J. Bogen, D. E. Walling and T. Day, IAHS Publication No. 10. IAHS Press, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxon Waste, Recycling & Environmental Directory 1993. Published by Thomas Telford Publications, 1 Heron Quay, London E14 4JDAtlas of the Environment (Second Edition). Edited by G. Lean and D. Hinrichsen. Published by Helicon Publishing Ltd, 42 Hythe Bridge Street, Oxford OX1 2EPThe Economics of Coastal Management – A Manual of Benefit Assessment Techniques. Edited by E. C. Penning‐Rowsell, C. H. Green, P. M. Thompson, A. M. Coker, S. M. Tunstall, C. Richards and D. J. Parker. Published by Belhaven Press, 25 Floral Street, London WC2E 9DSThe Last Oasis – Facing Water Scarcity, by Sandra Postel. Published by Earthscan Publications Limited, 120 Pentonville Road, London N1 9JN

The Role of the World Health Organization in the Evaluation of Pesticides

The International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS), which is a cooperative program of the World Health Organization (WHO). United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and International Labour Organisation (ILO), directs a number of pesticide activities, including the WHO component of the Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) and the preparation of Environmental Health Criteria (EHC) documents and Health and Safety Guides (HSGs) on pesticides. The intake of pesticide residues is being predicted at the international level, which is based upon the maximum residue limits (MRLs) that are estimated by JMPR. Acceptance of the MRLs is increased when the prediction does not exceed the acceptable daily intake (ADI). IPCS is active in developing new methodologies and in developing scientific consensus documents on the assessment of health risks from exposure to chemicals. Two new initiatives are a project to obtain agreement among important national institutions on the approaches to be taken for the interpretation of data relating to specific effects and the development of a "Joint Meeting on Pesticides," which will provide comprehensive reviews of pesticide safety and use.

Triphenyl Phosphate. Environmental Health Criteria, Volume 111.

<i>Triphenyl Phosphate. Environmental Health Criteria, Volume 111.</i>

Environmental health criteria for disaster relief and refugee camps

The very subjective nature of most environmental health criteria for disaster relief and refugee camps makes interpretation of minimum quantities of potable water and separation distances from sources of pollution difficult, even for the trained environmental health professional. A review of the literature and a survey carried out with international environmental health professionals were conducted to summarize both the least‐preferred and most‐preferred parameters for enhanced environmental health services in such camps. The survey was conducted using a form of decision analysis, modified from the Simple Multiattribute Rating Technique. A campsite evaluation form was prepared using the selected criteria, after converting them to utilities. The form was used to evaluate existing refugee camps in Thailand. Camp environmental health scores were then compared to selected environmentally‐associated diseases. Results of that evaluation suggest that the environmental health criteria and the camp rating methodol...

Book Reviews: Environmental Health Criteria, No. 121. ALDICARB. Edited By Word Health Organization, Geneva, 1991, 130 pp. Sw.fr. 16, US$14.40

Book Reviews: Environmental Health Criteria, No. 121. ALDICARB. Edited By Word Health Organization, Geneva, 1991, 130 pp. Sw.fr. 16, US$14.40

Book Reviews: IPCS Environmental Health Criteria. Volume 108: Nickel. Edited By WHO. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1991

Book Reviews: IPCS Environmental Health Criteria. Volume 108: Nickel. Edited By WHO. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1991

Book Reviews: Lindane Environmental Health Criteria 124. By IPCS. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1991, pp. 208, Sw. fr 23/US $20.70

Book Reviews: Lindane Environmental Health Criteria 124. By IPCS. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1991, pp. 208, Sw. fr 23/US $20.70

Book Review

Abstract Abstract Plant Stress From Air Pollution, by Michael Treshow and Franklin K. Anderson, University of Utah, U.S.A., 283 pages (including 18 figures, 17 tables, 31 pages of references (and suggested reading added to the chapters), two appendices on scientific names of plants and on conversion of concentration units, and a good index of 14 pages), format 236 × 157 mm, hard cover, ISBN 0-471-92374-5, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester New York Brisbane Toronto Singapore (1989), £39.00. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Volume 114, edited by George W. Ware, College of Agriculture, University of Arizona 85721, Tucson, U.S.A., 171 pages (including 1 figure, 33 tables, references added to the four contributions, and an index of 9 pages), hard cover, format 237-156 mm, ISBN 3-540-97207-2, Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong (1990), DM 90.00. Polychlorinated Dibenzo-Para-Dioxins and Dibenzofurans Icps/WHO, Environmental Health Criteria No. 88, by a Task Group under the Chairmanship of Prof. A. D. Dayan, St. Bartholomew's Hospital Medical College, London, U.K., 409 pages (no figures, including 73 tables, 79 pages of references, a French summary, but no index), paper back, format 210 × 140 mm, ISBN 92-4-154288-8. World Health Organization Publications, CH-1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (1989), SFr. 40.00, US$32.00. Advances in Soil Sciences, Volume 9, edited by B. A. Stewart, USDA Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, Bushland, Texas 79012, U.S.A., 219 pages (including 66 figures, 27 tables, references added to each contribution, and an index of five pages), hard cover, format 242 × 162 mm, ISBN 3-540-96781-8, Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo (1989), DM 154.00. Immunochemical Methods for Environmental Analysis, ACS Symposium Series No. 442, edited by Jeanette M. van Emon, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas and by Ralph O. Mumma, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 229 pages (including 65 figures, 36 tables, references added to the chapters, and a subject index of 8 pages), hard cover, format 234 × 159 mm, ISBN 0-8412-1875-7, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 20037 (1990), US$ 49.95. Identifying and Regulating Carcinogens, by the Office of Technology Assessment Task Force, Congress of the United States, Washington, D.C., 249 pages (including 8 figures, 41 tables, four appendices on the Statutory Authority for Regulating Carcinogens, Chemicals Listed in Annual Reports on Carcinogens and NCI/NTP Test Results, Acknowledgements, and Acronyms, and 15 pages of references), hard-bound, format 268 × 211 mm, ISBN 0-87371-152-1, Lewis Publishers, Inc., Chelsea, Michigan, U.S.A. (1988), £29.65.

Methylmercury (Environmental Health Criteria No. 101). 144 Seiten, 5 Abb. 11 Tab. World Health Organization, Geneva 1990. Preis: 16, — Sw.fr.; 12,80 US $

Food / NahrungVolume 35, Issue 3 p. 326-327 Rezensionen Methylmercury (Environmental Health Criteria No. 101). 144 Seiten, 5 Abb. 11 Tab. World Health Organization, Geneva 1990. Preis: 16, — Sw.fr.; 12,80 US $ H.-J. Lewerenz, H.-J. LewerenzSearch for more papers by this author H.-J. Lewerenz, H.-J. LewerenzSearch for more papers by this author First published: 1991 https://doi.org/10.1002/food.19910350318Citations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume35, Issue31991Pages 326-327 RelatedInformation

Book Reviews: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. Environmental Health Criteria No. 80. By World Health Organization. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1988, 345 pp., Sw fr 34, US$ 27.20

Book Reviews: Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. Environmental Health Criteria No. 80. By World Health Organization. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1988, 345 pp., Sw fr 34, US$ 27.20

Book Reviews: Environmental Health Criteria 70 Principles for the Safety Assessment of Food Additives and Contaminants in Food. WHO. WHO, Geneva, 1987, 174 pp., Sw. fr 14

Book Reviews: Environmental Health Criteria 70 Principles for the Safety Assessment of Food Additives and Contaminants in Food. WHO. WHO, Geneva, 1987, 174 pp., Sw. fr 14

Environmental health criteria 59: principles for evaluating health risks from chemicals during infancy and early childhood: the need for a special approach

Environmental health criteria 59: principles for evaluating health risks from chemicals during infancy and early childhood: the need for a special approach

Book Reviews : Environmental Health Criteria 59. Principles for Evaluating Health Risks from Chemicals during Infancy and Early Childhood ; The Need for a Special Approach. Published by WHO Geneva, 1986. Price: Sw fr 9. Paperback. Pp 73. ISBN: 92 4 154259 4

Book Reviews : Environmental Health Criteria 59. Principles for Evaluating Health Risks from Chemicals during Infancy and Early Childhood ; The Need for a Special Approach. Published by WHO Geneva, 1986. Price: Sw fr 9. Paperback. Pp 73. ISBN: 92 4 154259 4