Based on the design method of urban and rural planning, we combine the theories and methods of geography and habitat environment disciplines, and introduce the "schema" theory of psychology to construct the cognitive maps of residents and tourists. Using Zishan Village in Hanwang Town, Xuzhou City as an empirical case, we extracted regional characteristics and explored the cognitive evaluation of residents and tourists, and analyzed the research data in a qualitative and quantitative way. The satellite tracking 3D track function was used to record the travel routes and shooting points of the sample population, and the collected data were overlaid to analyze the overlap of the routes and shooting points, so as to derive the interest points of residents and tourists. The data were summarized in tabular form and imported into SPSS for cross-tabulation analysis and chi-square test. Questionnaire interviews were used to collect the personal feelings of residents and tourists from a qualitative perspective. The cognitive maps of residents and tourists were constructed and their differences were explored to visualize the regional characteristics of traditional village public space and to identify effective landscape design and public space construction, which can provide reference and basis for village construction.