Environmental Friendly Industry Research Articles

Production and Applications of Keratinases in Industry

Keratin is an insoluble protein with fibrous structure. It is mainly found in hair,feathers,nail,wool and horn of various animals. These animal accessories can be utilized as animals feed, amino-acids and fertilizers. This insoluble protein is very difficult to degrade and has extreme stability because it has disulfide bonds, hydrogen and hydrophobic interaction present in it. But keratin can be easily digested by keratinase enzyme. Keratinase is an extracellular enzyme. It also degrades keratin in prokaryotic organisms. Microorganisms that produce keratinase are species of Bacillus, Actinobacteria and fungi. It can also be obtained from Streptomyces, Aspergillus, Fervidobacterium, Xanthomonas, Chryseobacteriumand Vibrio. Keratinases produced by microbes arevery diverse due to their chemical as well as physical properties. It is a vigorous enzyme that can survive broad pH and temperature. Their optimum pH range is neutral to alkaline and their optimum temperature reported is 40°C to 60°C. And thermophiles have also been reported for stable microbial activity. Microbial keratinases are cheaply available as compared to conventional producers for keratinases production. They have gained great significance in biotechnology by acting on strong, inflexible cross linked polypeptide structure of keratin instead of ordinary proteolytic enzyme papain, trypsin or pepsin. They are mostly extracted by degrading keratin as substrate. Keratin substrates include feather, hair, wool,horn and nails. This degradation process is helpful in converting keratinous wastes in to fertilizer and poultry feed. Other renowned biotechnological implementations include removing hair from leather by using keratinase, development of bio-polymer from keratinous fiber, delivering drug, hydrolysis of prion proteins and detergent industry. They are also used in converting biomass in to biofuel that significantly boosts power preservation and recycling. The main problem for producing enzymes on large scale is their costly production procedures. This hurdle is overcome by utilizing keratin waste eg feathers of chicken as fermentation substrate on industrial scale. The benefit of utilizing this left over is extremely cost effective fermentation process of keratinase and the effluents are environmental friendly. Keratinase enzyme has become popular and provided newly effective and efficient way for managing waste products by using them on industrial scales as substrates which gives rise to environmental friendly industries for nonstop development.

Size-Controlled Low-Melting-Point-Alloy Particle-Incorporated Transient Liquid-Phase Epoxy Composite Conductive Adhesive with High Performances

With fast developments in the environmental-friendly industry, electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) composites with high electrical conductivity, mechanical strength, and electrochemical migration resistance as well as low cost are highly desirable for emerging power electronics applications. In this study, a category of ECAs, namely, size-controllable sonochemical low-melting-point-alloy (LMPA) particle-incorporated transient liquid-phase ECAs (TLP-ECAs), with excellent electrical conductivity, considerable mechanical strength, and high electrochemical migration resistance has been successfully demonstrated. Experimental results showed that the bulk resistivity of TLP-ECA decreased to a minimum value of 2.37 × 10–4 Ω-cm with the remaining filler content at a low level (the total content of metallic fillers, i.e., 70 wt % in TLP-ECAs), while the mechanical shear strength increased considerably (by 55.4%) compared with pure silver ECA with the same filler content, demonstrating that addition of sonochemical LMPA particles into ECA can simultaneously and considerably improve the electrical and mechanical properties. Moreover, the diffusional reaction mechanism of sonochemical LMPA particle-filled TLP-ECA was systematically investigated via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy in high-resolution high-angle annular dark-field mode (STEM-HAADF). The mechanism of the diffusion reaction of TLP-ECA with LMPA particles was rationalized, where Ag9In4 (γ phase, cP52, and P43m) and Ag3Sn (ε phase, oP8, and Pmmm) intermetallic compounds (IMC) and their corresponding nanostructures were responsible for the substantial enhancement in mechanical strength and the antielectrochemical migration property. The sonochemical method is the key to synthesize LMPA particles of desirable compositions and controllable size, thereby enhancing the overall performance of Ag-based TLP-ECAs. Accordingly, the sonochemical LMPA particle-incorporated-TLP-ECAs are the promising interconnection material candidates for power electronics packaging.

Effects of the green finance policy on the green innovation efficiency of the manufacturing industry: A difference-in-difference model

This study examined the impact of green finance policy on the green innovation efficiency (GIE) of the manufacturing industry in China based on data between 2005 and 2019 using a difference-in-difference model. The results indicate that implementing the green finance policy reduced the GIE of heavy-polluting industries compared with that of non-heavy-polluting industries. In terms of industry-specific heterogeneity, the green finance policy had a significant negative effect on the GIE of the textile industry, non-metallic mineral products industry, ferrous and non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing industry, chemical fiber manufacturing industry, metal product industry, leather and other related industries, and pharmaceutical manufacturing industry. However, it had a significant positive effect on the GIE of the chemical raw material and chemical product manufacturing industry, agricultural and sideline food processing industry, and papermaking and paper product industry. Furthermore, it also promotes the GIE of environment-friendly industries. In terms of factor heterogeneity, the green finance policy has had a positive effect on GIE improvement in technology- and capital-intensive industries. Moreover, it has inhibited GIE improvement in labor-intensive industries. To promote the GIE in manufacturing, a series of policy recommendations have been put forward.

Interface between energy consumption, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and macroeconomic openness in financial action task force countries through the lens of a causality approach.

There is strong scientific evidence to suggest that carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are one of the key drivers of global warming. Rising CO2 emissions across the globe have been traced back to increasing global trade and rapid industrial development powered by fossil fuels. High CO2 emissions have had an adverse effect on the quality of life and economic growth of communities across the globe. In this study, the Granger causality approach is used to examine scientifically some causal relationships between energy consumption, CO2 emissions, economic growth, and key macroeconomic variables (trade openness and foreign direct investment) in the panel of Financial Action Task Force (FATF) countries. FATF countries are signatories to agreements to adhere to good financial practices to ensure sustainable development of their economies. The empirical analysis was conducted for the period 1980 to 2020. Results indicate a strong endogenous relationship between the variables in the short and long run. The analysis suggests that careful co-curation of economic, trade, energy, foreign direct investment, and environmental management policies is needed to ensure sustainable economic development in the FATF countries. Global trade and foreign direct investment policies must foster new environmental-friendly industries and greater use of clean renewable energy among these countries. Note: Arrows indicate direction of possible causal links between the variables.

Ecological Civilization Construction and Tourism Development: A Case Study of the Wuling Mountain Area in Western Hunan, China

Ecological civilization construction is a new urban development concept, while tourism is a resource-saving and environment-friendly industry. The study of the coordinated development between ecological civilization construction and tourism is of great practical significance. Taking the Wuling Mountain area in western Hunan, China, as an example, the entropy weight method and TOPSIS method are used to score the ecological civilization construction system and the tourism industry. A coupling coordination degree model is constructed to analyze the relationship between ecological civilization construction and tourism development. The results show that the Wuling Mountain Region in western Hunan Province showed a lag in tourism development from 2017 to 2019. The coupling coordination degree between ecological civilization construction and the tourism industry is slightly imbalanced. A coordinated pattern of ecological environment construction and tourism development should be accelerated.

STUDY ON ZERO FLARE POLICY FOR OIL AND GAS EXPLORATION AND PRODUCTION INDUSTRY IN INDONESIA

Flaring is an essential practice in oil and gas production, primarily for safety reasons. Although data indicate that, on a worldwide basis, gas flaring contributes only 1% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, for environmental and resource conservation reasons, flaring should always be minimized as much as practicable. In the frame work of Global Gas Flaring Reduction Public-Private Partnership (GGFR), Government of Indonesia (GOI) through Directorate General of Oil and Gas is preparing a draft policy for Green Oil and Gas Industry Initiative (GOGII). GOI encourage oil and gas activity in Indonesia to be environmental friendly industries by implementing Zero Flare, Zero Discharge, Clean Air and Go Renewable programs. Zero flare can be achieved by different kind of methods, such as re-injection of associated gas, gas utilization on-site, and collection and market to downstream markets. This paper tries to review and evaluate the possibility of implementing the zero flare policy for oil and gas exploration and production industries in Indonesia, in the frame work of contributing to GOI in preparing draft policy for GOGII.

Green material characteristics applied to office desk furniture

The rational application of green materials is a necessary step for the development of environment-friendly industries and a circular economy. However, the popularity and practicality of the sustainable development of office furniture companies in China still lags far behind the world’s leading companies. To gain a deeper understanding of the application of green materials in the Chinese office furniture industry, a questionnaire survey for enterprises in response to relevant issues was conducted based on an extensive review of the relevant literature. The research comprehensively analyzed the application status of green materials in Chinese and overseas office furniture companies, and the environment-friendly materials selection strategy of the main materials, and packaging materials for office desk furniture was proposed according to the current situation. The results showed that China has vigorously begun guiding and supporting the green development of furniture manufacturing enterprises, but there is imperative need of a range of upgrades in the enacting or revising of laws and regulations pertaining to green manufacturing and manufacturing technology. Furniture enterprises should seize the opportunity to promote the application of clean energy and improve the recycling mechanism of waste furniture with an aim to maximize the benefits of sustainable development.

DOES FDI AND CORRUPTION AFFECT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY IN TUNISIA?

This paper investigates the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) and corruption on the environmental pollution in Tunisia over the period 1984–2014 by applying an autoregressive distributed lag model. Our results revealed the existence of Environmental Kuznets Curve in Tunisian case. The pollution haven hypothesis postulates that polluting industrial activity in developed countries is shifting to developing countries with less stringent environmental regulations. This hypothesis has been proved. Hence, this study advises to make more aware to the negative effect of corruption. Overall, to improve environmental quality, the findings suggest that Tunisia should promote energy efficiency with sustainable growth. Therefore, results show that Tunisia should encourage more FDI inflows particularly in technology- intensive and environment-friendly industries.

Decomposition and Decoupling Analysis of Industrial Solid Waste in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

In this paper, LMDI method is used to analyze the driving factors of industrial solid waste production in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2005 to 2018, and the decoupling state is analyzed by Tapio indicator. We found that:①Industrial pollution intensity effect and industrial structure effect inhibited industrial solid waste production, while regional output effect and population size effect played a role in increasing the pollution; ②in different periods, the decoupling states of industrial solid waste in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were weak decoupling, weak decoupling and expansive negative decoupling. The decoupling indicator showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. It is suggested to guide investment to environment-friendly industries and strengthen the research on solid waste reduction technology.

Urban spatial structure evolution and smog management in China: A re-examination using nonparametric panel model

Based on the modified DMSP night-time light composite data, this paper constructs an urban polycentric index, then uses a time-varying panel model to estimate the empirical equations of smog pollution. The empirical results show that: (1) with the long-term steady improvement of China’s per capita income, the income growth and air quality have shown a clear coordinated development trend (2) the regional multi-centered development has a significant mechanism of promoting the rise and then the fall of smog pollution (3) China’s secondary industry and transportation industry no longer have significant pollution-promoting effect at present, and are upgrading to environment-friendly industries. Besides, this study makes some additional contributions: On the one hand, the correction of night-time light data can provide more accurate data processing criterion for related research. On the other, the time-varying panel estimation further explains the complex mechanism between economic variables and smog pollution as well as reveals the origin of the instability of the EKC hypothesis. These improvements may provide an important academic reference for the subsequent researches and a general empirical evidence for policy makers.

Preface

The International Conference on Extraction, Transport, Storage and Processing of Hydrocarbons and Minerals (ETSaP 2020) successfully took place in Tyumen, Russia on 19–20 August 2019. ETSaP 2020 was held through the cooperative efforts of Tyumen industrial University, North-Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University) (Vladikavkaz).This year, the conference has covered a wide range of subject matters, and the geography has expanded greatly. The participants presented the results of their research on minerals mining and hydrocarbons extraction, as well as on transportation, storage and processing of minerals and hydrocarbons. Moreover, issues of infrastructure development in oil-producing and mining regions as well as responsible resource extraction and environment-friendly industry were discussed.Two days of the conference became the time of intense learning for all the participants and surely gave them the impetus to further research. We are pleased to present to our readers the latest research on extraction and processing of hydrocarbons and minerals. After the careful reviewing, 72 papers were selected for publication that present the most valuable and significant research results.We would like to thank all the participants of ETSaP 2020 as well as the organizing committee for their efforts in holding the conference. We also express out deep gratitude to the reviewers and editors for their invaluable contribution to publication of the ETSaP 2020 proceedings.

Inactivation kinetics of beer spoilage bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus casei, and Pediococcus damnosus) during acid washing of brewing yeast

This work aimed to estimate the inactivation kinetic parameters of four potential beer spoilage bacteria (Lactobacillus brevis DSM 6235, Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334, Pediococcus damnosus DSM 20289 and Pediococcus damnosus ATCC 29358) inoculated in brewing yeast submitted to acid washing with purposes of yeast recycle. The experiments were conducted at 4 °C in solutions with pH 1.5, pH 2, and pH 3 adjusted employing 85% phosphoric acid. The acid washing treatment of brewing yeasts in the most common pH used (pH 2.0) demanded almost 50 min for the first decimal reduction (δ) of L. brevis DSM 6235. Sensible strains to acid washing such as P. damnosus DSM 20289 demanded almost 70 min for 4 log reductions to be achieved. On the other hand, pH reduction of the acid washing from 2.0 to 1.5 allowed 4 log reduction of L. brevis DSM 6235) to be obtained in less than 50 min, without ruining brewer's yeast viability. Acid washing in pH 1.5 is a viable method for the inactivation of bacterial contaminants of brewing yeasts. Recycling of brewing yeasts through this approach may contribute to a more sustainable and environmental-friendly industry.

Exploring biomass power generation’s development under encouraged policies in China

Biomass power generation is a resource-friendly, environment-friendly industry that requires policy support. Our contribution lies in that we proposed a system dynamics model to analysis the development of biomass power generation under emission trading scheme and investment subsidy in China. To our best knowledge, there is no research about this issue by system dynamics now. We found that (1) Due to the resource limitation, the trends of installed capacity of straw and waste incineration power generation in all scenarios are characterized by an “S” shape. (2) In the early stages of development, when two policies are issued simultaneously, they can reinforce each other. As time goes by, when biomass power generation is basically mature, two kinds of policies will weaken each other. (3) The change of investment subsidy has a greater impact than the change of emission trading price. In addition, waste and straw power generations are more sensitive to an increased subsidy than to a decreased subsidy. Waste power is more sensitive to an increased permit price, while straw power is more sensitive to a decreased permit price. The results and policy implications in this paper can help Chinese government to establish policy schemes for developing biomass power generation.

Preface

The International Conference on Extraction, Transport, Storage and Processing of Hydrocarbons and Minerals (ETSaP 2019) successfully took place in Tyumen, Russia on 19–20 August 2019. ETSaP 2019 was held through the cooperative efforts of Tyumen industrial University, North-Caucasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (State Technological University) (Vladikavkaz), and Nizhnevartovsk branch of Tyumen industrial University.This year, the conference has covered a wide range of subject matters, and the geography has expanded greatly. The participants presented the results of their research on minerals mining and hydrocarbons extraction, as well as on transportation, storage and processing of minerals and hydrocarbons. Moreover, issues of infrastructure development in oil-producing and mining regions as well as responsible resource extraction and environment-friendly industry were discussed. Two days of the conference became the time of intense learning for all the participants and surely gave them the impetus to further research.We are pleased to present to our readers the latest research on extraction and processing of hydrocarbons and minerals. After the careful reviewing, 69 papers were selected for publication that present the most valuable and significant research results.We would like to thank all the participants of ETSaP 2019 as well as the organizing committee for their efforts in holding the conference. We also express out deep gratitude to the reviewers and editors for their invaluable contribution to publication of the ETSaP 2019 proceedings.

Optimization and Utilization of Tofu Waste by Using Separator Machine Technology to Increase the Income of Home Industries and Create Environment-Friendly Industries Through Diversification of Various Foods Processing

Tofu industry is one of the big producers of waste because the waste reachs 25-35% of tofu product. TheLack of public awarness about the tofu waste resulted unused waste, even they throw away the tofu waste withoutknowing the high nutrition contained in the tofu waste. Cooperation between UD. The final target to be achieved is toform a business unit for various processed foods using a separator machine in the sanding of tofu waste with soy milkextract, as well as marketing management with the help of information technology (social media). The basiccontribution to the target is that housewives get new knowledge and skills about diversifying various processed tofuwaste products and getting more benefit. In addition, housewives will get income from creative economic activitiesfor the sake of moving the economic wheel that increases directly for the community, especially families.

DESIGNING CLEAN PRODUCTION OF TOFU PROCESSING INDUSTRY IN UD. SUMBER URIP PELAIHARI

Tofu is an Indonesian traditional food which basically made from soybean. Tofu production process yields both solid and liquid wastes. If these are not handled properly, they may cause environmental contamination. Therefore, clean production planning needs to be conducted in order to bringout an environmental friendly industry for increasing productivity, increasing efficiency of raw materials and reducing wastes. This research was conducted at the tofu processing industry UD. Sumber Urip by collecting data through field observation, interview, questionnaire filling and 3 (three) stages of quick scan method which consists of identifing the production process of tofu based on the concept of clean production through the mass balance, analysing the alternative clean production improvements, observating and giving recommendations on waste utilization. The result shows that the tofu production process with clean production through the mass balance produced 210 kg dregs of tofu and 2.115,51 kg total liquid wastes. The research also proposes some alternative improvements of clean production as the implementation of good housekeeping principle, modification of funnel principle grinding, utilization of personal protective equipment, and implementation of recovery and reduce principle. On the other hand the wastes generated from the tofu production process may be reproduced in to tempe gembus, animal feed, organic fertilizer, and biogas.

Different aspects of soft computing methods application for blasting in mining

Mining is a global industry that is of great importance for every product which is used by human. For mining, process efficiency, reducing production downtime, increasing profitability are all very important. Soft computing technologies (SC) are helping in the process of transforming the mining industry into a safer and more environmental friendly industry, but keeping in mind the financial aspect as well. In this paper some of fields of blasting activities in which the SC methods have been applicated, will be presented. Trough the following chapters some of the most significant researches will be reviewed.

Spatial Differentiation of Carbon Emission Efficiency of “Silk Road Economic Belt” based on Environmental Regulation

The construction of the “Silk Road Economic Belt” may bring about a new round of carbon emission growth, and the dual control of total energy consumption and intensity should be strengthened. In this study, the SE-SBM model considering undesirable output was adopted to measure the carbon emission effects of 9 core provinces and regions in the economic belt from 2006 to 2016, and the panel threshold model was adopted to estimate the carbon emission effect under environmental regulation. The results showed that the overall carbon emission efficiency in the economic belt showed a U-shaped trend, with provinces such as Sichuan and Chongqing showing higher efficiency, Gansu and Guangxi showing a larger decline. When the per capita GDP was <10700.01, environmental regulation showed a significant negative effect; when per capita GDP was >47192.96, environmental regulation showed a significant positive effect; energy structure and foreign direct investment had a significant negative effect; technological innovation had a significant positive effect; urbanization, industrialization and opening-up had not passed the significance test. China should adhere to green and low-carbon development, formulate appropriate environmental regulation intensity, select reasonable environmental policy tools, develop and utilize clean energy, guide FDI to low-carbon environmental friendly industries, and strengthen technological innovation and application transformation.

Evaluation of Life Quality and its Spatial Mismatch with Local Economic Development in Large Chinese Cities

Quality of life (QoL) is an important factor which influences local economic development (LED). The study aims to evaluate the quality of life in large Chinese cities and explore the relationship between life quality and local economic development. By constructing the index system of QoL of large cities, this study analyses the spatial pattern of QoL in 39 largest cities across China and then introduces the spatial mismatch method to analyse the relationship between QoL and LED. The results point to the significant differences in QoL among large Chinese cities and unlock the spatial mismatch between QoL and LED in these cities. The quality of life is generally better than local economic development in large cities across Western China and different cities display various spatial mismatch features. This study also shows that local economic development can promote quality of life, though they do not merely stand in a quantitative relation. Quality of life is related more to the economic structure. It is suggested that future urban development focus on high value-added and environmental-friendly industries, which can improve both local economic development and quality of life.

PROSPECT OF SEAWEED AS ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY RAW MATERIALS FOR PAPER INDUSTRY

Seaweed is a commodity which has great potency to be developed and commonly used in food and non-food industry, such as cosmetic and pharmaceutical. Currently, seaweed can also be utilized as raw material for pulp to support an environmental friendly paper industry. Research has been done by scientists from Korea who developed the processing technology of red algae by using extraction and bleaching process. The process is very simple, need less energy and environmental friendly chemical material. Red algae species which is used in this process is Gelidium amansii, which is very suitable for paper industry purposes and can be harvested in around 3 months, therefore this is different with wood pulp. There is a cooperation between Korea and Indonesiain producing Gelidium in Indonesia. This paper presents the assessment of red algae pulp processing technology and examines several matters that should be considered in developing red algae pulp industry in Indonesia. In term of resources, support from the government, universities and research institutions and acceptance of the industry.keywords : seaweed, red algae, extraction, paper, environment