Environmental Emergency Management Research Articles

危险化学品环境应急管理法律框架介绍

梳理了美国和欧盟的应急管理制度体系，并对其体系中重要的化学品环境应急管理制度RMP、PSM和Seveso II指令做了强调介绍。同时介绍我国安监总局在危险化学品重大危险源管理体系建设和环保部门在环境风险防范与应急管理方面所做工作。最后针对危险化学品的环境应急管理体系的建设提出了建议。 The emergency management systems of America and EU were summarized. RMP, PSM and Directive Seveso II in the systems were described in detail. The major hazard sources construction of management system of States Administration of Work Safety were introduced, and Ministry of Environmental Protection had made great efforts for environmental risk prevention and emergency management. Finally some suggestions about the construction of en- vironmental emergency management systems of hazardous chemicals in China were proposed.

Aiming for resilience and adaptation in managing environment

PurposeEnvironmental and emergency leaders are important individuals who play a vital role in managing ecological resources. Based on the resilience thinking of Walker and Salt, this study highlights aims to how resilience for adaptive management can be built by incorporating vision formation of environmental and emergency management leaders.Design/methodology/approachThe study addresses two research questions: What constitutes environmental and emergency leadership systems? How are the concepts of vulnerability, resilience, and adaptation relevant to the environmental and emergency management processes? The study employs two case studies and discusses how resilience leadership can be incorporated into environmental management and emergency management systems in organizations.FindingsThis study includes a review that consists of activities in resilience‐building, and the process of vision formation. It explains how resilience thinking influences vision. Investigations of the application of the resilience approach by examining two environmental and emergency leadership organizations in Arizona demonstrate how situations can improve with resilience thinking and leadership in emergency and environmental management systems.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the knowledge body of resilience and leadership by calling importance and incorporation of resilience thinking into the management systems of environment and emergency management.

Research on GIS Application System of Environmental Risk for Hazardous Chemicals Enterprises

Abstract Environmental safety has increasingly become the focus. However, hazardous chemicals enterprises are of primary concern and focus. From this point, hazardous chemicals enterprises are taken as the main object of studying on enterprise environmental risk. According to application requirements, from a technical perspective, it is studied on the application functions, framework and the logical model of the database using GIS and REST technology. GIS application system of environmental risk for hazardous chemicals is established to provide environmental risk management and emergency management with technical tools.

The Development of an Environmental Risk Emergency Management Decision Support Information System

According to the characteristics of an environmental risk emergency management decision support information system, this paper builds a complete system outline and structure, using a C/S and B/S hybrid structure and loose integrated model. It proposes the system implementation techniques route, designs the system function modules and database, completes the database construction and the main system functions.

Integrating Hospitals into Community Emergency Preparedness Planning

Strong community linkages are essential to a health care organization's overall preparedness for emergencies. To assess community emergency preparedness linkages among hospitals, public health officials, and first responders and to investigate the influence of community hazards, previous preparation for an event requiring national security oversight, and experience responding to actual disasters. With expert advice from an advisory panel, a mailed questionnaire was used to assess linkage issues related to training and drills, equipment, surveillance, laboratory testing, surge capacity, incident management, and communication. A simple random sample of 1750 U.S. medical-surgical hospitals. Of 678 hospital representatives that agreed to participate, 575 (33%) completed the questionnaire in early 2004. Respondents were hospital personnel responsible for environmental safety, emergency management, infection control, administration, emergency services, and security. Prevalence and breadth of participation in community-wide planning; examination of 17 basic elements in a weighted analysis. In a weighted analysis, most hospitals (88.2% [95% CI, 84.1% to 92.3%]) engaged in community-wide drills and exercises, and most (82.2% [CI, 77.8% to 86.5%]) conducted a collaborative threat and vulnerability analysis with community responders. Of all respondents, 57.3% (CI, 52.1% to 62.5%) reported that their community plans addressed the hospital's need for additional supplies and equipment, and 73.0% (CI, 68.1% to 77.9%) reported that decontamination capacity needs were addressed. Fewer reported a direct link to the Health Alert Network (54.4% [CI, 49.3% to 59.5%]) and around-the-clock access to a live voice from a public health department (40.0% [CI, 35.0% to 45.0%]). Performance on many of 17 basic elements was better in large and urban hospitals and was associated with a high number of perceived hazards, previous national security event preparation, and experience in actual response. Responses reflect hospitals' self-perception of linkages. The quality of linkages and the extent of possible biases favoring positive responses were not assessed. In this baseline assessment, most hospitals reported substantial integration. However, results suggest that relationships between hospitals, public health departments, and other critical response entities are not adequately robust. Suggestions for enhancing linkages are discussed.

Agent-based resource discovery architecture for environmental emergency management

An agent-based environmental emergency management framework is introduced as a loosely coupled collection of agents that can cooperate to prepare for and response to environmental emergency situations. In this framework, resources play a critical role because they are the foundation for taking action in environmental emergencies. Therefore, an agent-based resource discovery architecture is then proposed to search for the relevant resources over the Internet. In the making of an agent-based resource discovery architecture, two pivotal issues need to be addressed: resource description language (RDL) and its resource matchmaking mechanism. RDL provides a specification to publish and request for resources in environmental emergency situations, and matchmaking is the process of finding an appropriate resource for a request through a medium. In this paper, a possibilistic Petri net-based resource description language is proposed as an advanced RDL with four key features: possibilistic transitions to represent a resource or a request; input places to denote preconditions expected to hold before performing the resources; output places to denote postconditions expected to hold after performing the resources; possibility and necessity measures to quantify the confidence levels that an agent can provide the relevant resource for a request. A matchmaking mechanism, permitting a relaxed match for close semantics, is also developed to search for the possible resources among agents for a request.

Knowledge-based models for emergency management systems

This paper proposes the use of advanced knowledge models to support environmental emergency management as an adequate response to the current needs and technology. A generic architecture embodying the knowledge pieces required to manage emergencies in different kinds of problem scenarios is described. Simulation models of the physical system, integrated as part of the knowledge architecture, are also claimed to be adequate, both from the point of view of the knowledge model calibration and the training of the emergency personnel as well. The feasibility of the approach has been demonstrated with the application of the generic model to a particular real world problem: the management of flood emergencies in the Jucar river basin area (Spain). This work was developed in the framework of ARTEMIS, a European Commission research project.

ENVISYS environmental monitoring warning and emergency management system

ENVISYS environmental monitoring warning and emergency management system

The role of spatial information systems in environmental emergency management

The recent advances that have taken place in the development and use of spatial information systems by environmental professionals for emergency preparedness and response have made it an exciting new area for information science research. Although the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, have been widely publicized both in the United States and abroad, the unique data handling issues associated with the use of spatial information have not been satisfactorily addressed by the information management community. This article will review the use of spatial data by environmental managers and emergency responders who are charged with the responsibility to perform hazard assessments, identify the location of toxic and hazardous materials, deploy emergency resources, and review demographic data to ensure the safety of the public and the surrounding communities. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.