Environment Scale Research Articles

The effects of self-esteem and parental phubbing on adolescent internet addiction and the moderating role of the classroom environment: a hierarchical linear model analysis

BackgroundWith the advent of the new media era, the understanding of adolescent internet addiction needs to be enriched. It is also necessary to distinguish the related factors of adolescent internet addiction at different levels to clarify the mechanisms of this phenomenon.MethodsThis study used hierarchical linear model analysis to explore the effects of student-level factors and school-level factors on adolescent internet addiction, along with cross-level moderating effects. A total of 1,912 students between the 4th and 8th grades in China participated in the study. Participants completed the Self-Esteem Scale, Parents Phubbing Scale, Classroom Environment Scale, and the Diagnostic Questionnaire of Internet Addiction.ResultsCorrelational analyses revealed that internet addiction was found to be negatively correlated with both self-esteem and the teacher-student relationship (p < 0.01), while father phubbing, mother phubbing, and learning burden were shown to positively correlate with internet addiction (p < 0.01). Hierarchical linear model analysis suggested that student-level variables, including self-esteem, and mother phubbing, were significant predictors of internet addiction (β = −0.077, p < 0.001 and β = 0.028, p < 0.01, respectively). At the school level, learning burden significantly and negatively predicted internet addiction (β = 0.073, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the relationship between self-esteem and internet addiction was significantly moderated by learning burden (β = −0.007, p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the teacher-student relationship also had a significant moderating effect on the association between mother phubbing and internet addiction (β = −0.005, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study revealed the relationships between self-esteem, parental phubbing, and classroom environment with adolescent internet addiction, and these findings could provide insights into reducing adolescent internet addiction from the perspective of individuals, families, and schools.

Well-being in institutionalised adolescents.

For adolescents who have criminal convictions, achieving a positive progress including desistance from offending may depend on a sense of well-being. Factors associated with growth in well-being are not widely researched, but there is some work that suggests that qualities in other internal states as well as in the environment may foster well-being. To examine the well-being of young male incarcerated offenders, and its relationship with frequency of contacts with the family, perceptions of socio-educational environment, feelings about the future and self-efficacy. Participants were recruited from three secure education institutions in the Federal District of Brasília, Brazil, under the management of the Secretariat of Justice. They were invited to complete anonymous self-report questionnaires, which included the Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Perception of the Socio-Educational Environment Scale, the Feelings about the Future Scale and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Self-Efficacy, and to provide limited sociodemographic data. 195 young male offenders participated and their mean age was 16.8years (SD=1.58, range 14-20). There was a positive correlation between well-being and perceptions of the socio-educational environment, positive feelings about the future and self-efficacy self-ratings. Multiple linear regression analyses confirmed that the frequency of family contacts, positive perceptions of the socio-educational environment, positive feelings about the future, and self-efficacy in leisure and social activities independently contributed to the well-being of young offenders. Although well-being has been associated with desistance from committing crimes, the factors that may predispose to well-being have been researched less and never before examined among inmates in Brazil. While longitudinal work is needed to be certain of the direction of the relationship, the fact that the results are broadly consistent with a similar study carried out on the other side of the world is encouraging in terms of indicating ways forward in rehabilitation. It is necessary to develop interventions that support family relationships and promote personal relationships and personal development, not only of useful skills but also of personal confidence in those skills.

How nursing practice environments limit implicit rationing of care and nurse-assessed adverse events: the role of flow at work

BackgroundThe nursing practice environment is beneficial in curbing implicit rationing of nursing care and adverse patient events. However, the underlying mechanisms of these relationships remain unexplored.AimTo test whether flow at work mediates the relationship between the nursing practice environment, implicit rationing of nursing care, and nurse-assessed adverse patient events.MethodsThis cross-sectional study involved 231 nurses from five hospitals in Port Said, Egypt. The participants completed Arabic-translated versions of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, the Work-Related Flow Inventory, the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care instrument, and the Adverse Patient Events scale. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothetical model.ResultsThe favorable nursing practice environment positively predicted nurses’ flow at work (β = 0.64, p < 0.001), while inversely predicting implicit rationing of nursing care (β = -0.23, p = 0.014) and adverse patient events (β = -0.35, p < 0.001). Nurses’ flow at work inversely predicted implicit rationing of nursing care (β = -0.30, p = 0.002) and adverse patient events (β = -0.29, p = 0.002). Moreover, nurses’ flow at work acted as a mediator, linking the nursing practice environment to the rationing of nursing care and adverse patient events, with 500 bootstrap results for the indirect effects (β = -0.24, p = 0.001, 95% CI: -0.43 to -0.09; and β = -0.44, p = 0.003, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.16, respectively).ConclusionNurses working in a favorable nursing practice environment are more likely to experience flow at work, limiting implicit rationing of nursing care and adverse patient events.Implications for nursing managementNursing administrators should strive to create a healthy nursing practice environment to foster nurses’ flow and thereby reduce the frequency of implicit rationing of nursing care and adverse patient events.

Familiar Perception: Opportunities for Typical and Ideal Experiences in Early Intervention

The present study delves into the crucial domain of early childhood intervention services, with a specific focus on the familiar perspective and its impact on intervention outcomes. Family-centered practices approach emphasizes the importance of a collaborative relationship between professionals and families, to empower family strengths and their utilization in promoting optimal child development. Thus, the study aims to validate the Families in Natural Environments Scale of Service Evaluation (Family FINESSE), which assess the fidelity of intervention practices (identified as typical practices) and identify areas for improvement (identified as ideal practices) based on 432 Spanish families´ perceptions, with children aged 0 to 6 years old experiencing neurodevelopmental challenges or risks, engaged in early intervention services for a minimum of six months. We conducted Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) as the primary analytical technique for scale validation and found the Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis showed optimal adjustment indices and good internal consistency in both ideal-practices (α=.84).and typical-practices (α=.93) scales. The findings validate the relevance and applicability of the Family Finesse Scale in evaluating and enhancing early childhood intervention services, particularly in aligning practices with family needs and aspirations.

Risk and Protective Factors of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in Children with Stuttering: Unraveling Familial Dynamics

Purpose: The current study aimed to explore the role of familial conflict, psychological distress, and problem-resolution techniques on the prevalence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in stuttering children. Methodology: This investigation employed a correlational research design. The sample comprised six-year-old children and their mothers from Mashhad. The study included 196 preschoolers (106 girls and 90 boys) selected through convenience sampling. The Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale (ODDRS), Family Environment Scale (FES), Family Distress Index (FDI), and Family Problem-Solving Communication (FPSC) were utilized for data collection. A linear regression analysis was performed with SPSS version 27 to assess the interrelations among the variables. Findings: The analysis identified family conflict (β=0.35), distress (β=0.39), and problem-solving strategies (β=-0.40) as significant predictors of ODD symptomatology. Notably, family conflict and distress were positively correlated with ODD symptoms, whereas problem-solving strategies were inversely related. These factors collectively accounted for 49% of the variance in ODD symptomatology. Conclusion: This research contributes to the existing literature by amalgamating various familial elements—conflict, distress, and problem-solving strategies—into an integrated framework to better comprehend the etiology of ODD in children.

Validation of the Psychometric Properties of the Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) Questionnaire in the Context of Kenya’s Nursing Organizational Work Culture

BackgroundThe global shortage of nurses is posing a significant threat to the provision and sustainability of quality health care services worldwide. The importance of nursing organizational culture and validated tools to accurately measure it, is of paramount importance in mitigation of this shortage, especially in Low- and middle-income-countries like Kenya. MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional online validation survey among 212 nursing personnel working in various healthcare facilities across Kenya. The aim of the study was to assess the validity and reliability of the psychometric properties of the Practice Environment Scale of Nursing Work Index within the framework of nursing organizational culture in Kenya and determine how Kenyan nurses rate their organizational culture. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 28. Cronbach’s alpha was used to determine reliability while Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were used to test validity. ResultsThe 5-structure of Lake’s PES-NWI was unsupported by confirmatory factor analysis and a new 7-Factor Kenyan PES-NWI version was created. The new tool was reliable and with acceptable fit. Participants showed a mixed rating of their organizational culture with overall organizational culture largely rated neutral (M = 2.51, SD = 1.01). ConclusionThe Kenyan PES-NWI is a valid and reliable tool that could be used to assess organizational culture. The study highlighted the critical need to further develop context-specific tools to accurately measure nursing organizational culture work environments particularly in Low and-Middle-Income countries like Kenya facing significant nursing shortages. As nursing becomes increasingly dynamic and complex, it is essential for nursing and healthcare researchers to re-validate research tools to continuously improve them.

Dental Students’ Perceptions of the Current Educational Environment and Readiness for the Simulation-based Teaching Model: A Questionnaire-based Cross-sectional Study from Malaysia

Introduction: To facilitate the advancement of dental education in Malaysia, it is imperative to get insight into the perceptions held by dental students towards the current situation of the Educational Environment (EE). Moreover, in the current evolution of the educational framework, a shift is occurring from the conventional pedagogical approach to the implementation of simulation-based experiences. For a better understanding of virtual learning, it is crucial to determine students’ level of technology readiness. Aim: To identify the students’ perceptions regarding the present dental EE in Malaysia and their technology readiness for a simulation-based teaching and learning model and to verify whether technology readiness influences students’ perceptions of the present EE. Materials and Methods: The study utilised a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 146 dental students enrolled in year 4 and year 5 of three dental faculties in Malaysia were invited to this study from May to June 2023. The survey used the Dundee Ready Educational Environment Scale (DREEM) and the modified Technology Readiness Index (TRI) to measure students’ perceptions of EE and readiness for the new educational model. Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to explore the differences among different demographic information for both DREEM and modified TRI. Multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted to determine associated factors with the TRI score. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to measure the correlation between DREEM and modified TRI. All tests for statistical significance were carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 26.0. Results: The overall global score of DREEM was 127.74/200. Comparing the subscale and global DREEM scores between public and private universities, significant differences were found in all dimensions and global DREEM scores except for students’ Social Self-Perception (SSP). Year four Undergraduate (UG) students showed more positivity in Students’ Perception of Learning (SPL) (p=0.020) and Students’ Perception of Teachers (SPT) (p=0.031) than year five students. While the overall mean score of the modified TRI was 3.08/5. The level of technology readiness would not affect the overall global DREEM score. Conclusion: Dental UGs’ perception of the EE is considered to be “more positive than negative.” However, improvements are needed in SPL and SPT. Generally, dental UGs in Malaysia have reached an adequate technology readiness level toward simulation-based teaching and learning.

Motivation to Lead: A Study of the Supportive Nursing Leadership Environment

Background. With projected nursing shortages, an aging workforce, and the imminent retirement of nurse leaders, nursing leadership shortages are a concern. While several studies have indicated the interest of nurses in pursuing leadership positions, limited research has focused on examining the influence of the leadership practice environment on nurses’ motivation to lead. Aim. The aims of the study were to (1) assess the relationship between the leadership environment and the motivation of nurses to lead and (2) determine whether there are particular aspects of the leadership environment that influence motivation to lead. Methods. A cross‐sectional research design was used to collect data from 435 nurses working in 16 public and private hospitals in Oman. Leadership Environment Scale and Motivation to Lead Scale were used to assess participants’ perceived leadership environment and their motivation to engage in formal leadership roles, respectively. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between the perceived leadership environment and the motivation of nurses to undertake leadership roles. Findings. Nurses reported a mean scale value of 3.208 out of 5 (SD = 0.467) for their motivation to lead, which exceeds the midpoint, indicating a strong motivation to engage in formal leadership roles. Nurses reported a mean score of 3.194 out of 4 (SD = 0.661), which exceeds the midpoint, suggesting a favorable perception of leadership environment. The findings showed a significant relationship between the leadership environment and nurses’ motivation to lead. Specifically, self‐organization (β = 0.185, p = 0.001, CI = 0.086–0.378), agents (β = 0.221, p = 0.002, CI = 0.124–0.474), and transformative exchange (β = 0.100, p = 0.037, CI = 0.101–0.142) were characteristics of the leadership environment that were associated with greater motivation to engage in leadership. Conclusion. This study emphasizes the importance of cultivating a supportive leadership environment as a potential strategy to attract nurses to assume formal nursing leadership roles. Implications for Nursing Management. Strategies to improve nurses’ motivation to lead in a complex healthcare environment include improving nurses’ active involvement in their organization, creating a collegial supportive and mentoring leadership culture, and improving transformative exchange by supporting career and educational advancement.

Exploring the Role of Family Relationships in Shaping Body Image Perceptions

This study aimed to investigate the influence of family relationships, including cohesion, expressiveness, and conflicts, on body image satisfaction among adults. Utilizing a cross-sectional design, 390 participants completed the Body Image Satisfaction Scale (BISS) and the Family Environment Scale (FES). Descriptive statistics and linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS-26 to examine the predictive power of family relationship variables on body image satisfaction. The regression model explained 53% of the variance in body image satisfaction, indicating that family cohesion, expressiveness, and conflicts significantly predict body image satisfaction. Specifically, higher levels of family cohesion and expressiveness were associated with better body image satisfaction, whereas family conflicts were linked to lower satisfaction. The study underscores the significant impact of family dynamics on body image satisfaction, highlighting the importance of nurturing family environments in promoting positive body image perceptions.

AMBIENTE DA PRÁTICA PROFISSIONAL DA ENFERMAGEM EM HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO FRENTE À COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to assess the environment of nursing professional practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: cross-sectional study addressing a sample comprising nursing workers from a university hospital. The Brazilian version of the Practice Environment Scale was used, with 24 items distributed into five subscales. The analyses were performed in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, version 25; the statistical significance was set at 5% (p≤0.05), and the internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach’s alpha. Results: 243 workers participated in the study: 62.1% of nursing technicians and aides and 37.9% of nurses. The mean score on the Practice Environment Scale was 2.58 (standard deviation=0.69). Three of the five subscales were poorly assessed: “Nursing foundations for quality of care” (mean 2.58 and SD ± 0.73), “Nursing manager, ability, leadership, and support of nurses” (mean 2.74 and SD ± 0.82), and “Collegial nurse-physician relations” (mean 2.78 and SD ± 0.76). The perception of the professionals who received training to care for Covid-19 patients was more favorable than those who did not receive any training. Conclusion: The nursing work environment during the pandemic was considered mixed; therefore, improvements are required to make nursing working conditions as adequate as possible.

АДАПТАЦИЯ И ВАЛИДИЗАЦИЯ ШКАЛЫ ПРОЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ МОТИВАЦИИ НА РОССИЙСКОЙ ВЫБОРКЕ

The objective of the study was the translation and adaptation of Motivation Toward the Environment Scale (Pelletier et al., 1998) into the Russian language. The methodology is based on the theory of self-determination, where behavior is determined by different reasons and the level of control. The scale contains 6 types of motivation: intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, which includes integrated, identified, introjected and externally regulated motivation, and amotivation. On a sample of 462 respondents, the factorial structure of the scale and the internal consistency of the subscales were confirmed. Further, the test-retest validity of the scale was demonstrated (n = 56). To study convergent validity, correlations of motivation types with environmental concerns and nature connectedness were considered. The most self-determined types of motivation (intrinsic, integrated, identified, and introjected) were positively related to each other and to proenvironmental variables. The identified regulation, which focuses on the expediency of pro-environmental actions, is the most common, both in Canada, where the scale was developed, and in Russia. Other types of motivation were also positively related to each other. Externally regulated motivation, which considers social influence rather than economic incentives in this scale, was the least related to other study variables. Additionally, the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on the types of motivation was considered, where gender and income level turned out to be significant variables. The analysis revealed that the adapted scale is largely equivalent to the original one. Based on the obtained results, the reliability, the test-retest, and the convergent validity of the adapted inventory for measuring pro-environmental motivation were proved.

Impact of Classroom Environment on High School Students' Mathematics Anxiety

This study is aimed at identifying the relationship between classroom environment and mathematics anxiety of students. Adopting a quantitative data analysis procedure, it has been revealed that there exists a significant negative correlation for the scales for teacher’s support and learning mathematics anxiety and mathematics evaluation anxiety. It has also been identified that learning environment scales and learning mathematics anxiety include significant, negative and independent relationships in relation to teacher's support, investigation, task orientation and equity. Acknowledging teachers as catalysts in pedagogical practice, the study shows that they can play a pivotal role in easing mathematics learning byreducing mathematics anxiety.

Memorable learning experience, impact of school on life, and perception of clinical learning environment amongst nursing and medical students

Background: The learning environment impacts students’ motivation,success, and fulfilment, and central to this is the psychological safety ofstudents. Psychologically safe environments lead to collaboration, positivelearning experiences, and effective practitioners.Objectives: The study aimed to assess the perception of the clinicallearning environments of medical and nursing students at the Collegeof Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out in November, 2021using the validated questionnaires – Dundee Ready Education Measure(DREEM) and the John Hopkins Learning Environment Scale (JHLES)as well as two open-ended questions (OEQs). The OEQs were ‘tell usabout a memorable learning experience in medical/nursing school’ (MLE)and ‘what impact has your time in medical/nursing school had on yourlife’ (IoL). Data were collected from third to sixth-year clinical medical,and first to third-year nursing students and analysed using SPSS v23. Forthe OEQs, an inductive approach was used for manual coding and thematicanalysis. Coding and themes were both semantic and interpretiveand data were managed using NVIVO v14 software. The responses to theOEQs were graded on a Likert scale from 1 (very negative) to 5 (verypositive). Results: A total of 193 students completed the validated questionnaireswith a mean age of 22 (±2.58) years. The mean total DREEM score was111/200 (±10.2), interpreted as more positive than negative. However, theperceptions were more negative than positive in two of the five DREEMdomains – perception of the atmosphere and social self-perception. Themean overall JHLES score was 91/140 (±14.8), also more positive thannegative, and this was so for all its seven domains. Nursing students hadbetter academic self-perception than medical students (P = 0.002) whilemedical students had better perception of their learning atmosphere(P = 0.021).Seventy-five students (39%) answered one or both OEQs, with 57(29%) answering the memorable learning experience (MLE) and 59(30%), the impact of medical/nursing school on life (IoL) question.Sixteen and twenty-two percent of answers to MLE and IoLquestions were negative. No students gave negative answers to bothOEQs. Overall, 29% of students gave a negative response to onequestion. The overall themes for memorable learning experience questions were:1. Novelty2. Enhancing experiences – ‘That teaching method made me feel seen asa student and got me excited to solve problems’, by a 4th year medicalstudent3. Learning environment atmosphere – ‘I was impressed by the way hewas able to change the atmosphere from a very tense one to a funnyand calm one’4. Psychological effects. For the impact on life questions, the overall themes were as follows:1. Personal development – this included appreciation of hard work,motivation to be better people, purpose and direction in life, social andintellectual development.2. Aspirational3. Psychological – ‘it made me see that broken people break people’ Conclusion: Whatever the positive benefits of being a student are, psychologicallyunsafe environments, even for the very few, lead to negative psychologicalsequelae, poor overall learning process and health practitionersill-prepared for the future. Despite the overall positive picture of the clinicallearning environment in this study, there are significant areas of students’welfare that need to be addressed. It has been shown that a formalpedagogic programme for clinicians to improve the quality of their studentcentred teaching (1).Reference1. Poon H, Ahmad MF, Lowry D, et al. Two-year longitudinal observationstudy of junior doctors as clinical teachers: the Associated ClinicalTeaching Fellow Program. J Glob Med 2021; 1(2): e43. doi: 10.51496/jogm.v1.43

Adults' Perceptions of Moral Values in Digital Environment Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

Bu çalışmanın amacı Özgen ve arkadaşları (2020) tarafından ortaokul öğrencilerine yönelik geliştirilen dijital ortamda ahlaki değerlere dönük algı ölçeğinin yetişkinlere yönelik uyarlamasının yapılmasıdır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 18+ yaş aralığında olan 506 yetişkin bireyden oluşmuştur. Veriler iki aşamada toplanmıştır. İlk olarak pilot uygulama için 30 yetişkin bireyden; ikinci aşmada doğrulayıcı faktör analizinin yapılması için 476 yetişkin bireyden veri elde edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler neticesinde üç faktör 17 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin orijinal faktör yapısı korunmuş, 3 madde haricinde maddeler aynı faktörlerde yer almıştır. DFA ile elde edilen bulgular uyum indekslerinin yeterli düzeyde olduğunu göstermiştir. Uyarlanan ölçeğin güvenirlik ve madde analizleri neticesinde; güvenirlik için bakılan cronbach alpha katsayısı DFA için .831 olarak hesaplanmış, maddelerin amaca hizmet etme düzeyleri için analiz edilen madde toplam korelasyonu ve maddelerin ayırt ediciliği için %27 üst grup ve %27 alt grup hesaplanarak aralarındaki farka bakılmıştır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde uyarlanan ölçeğin yetişkinlerin dijital ortamda ahlaki değerlere dönük algılarını ölçmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Neighborhood Perceptions Are Associated With Intrinsic Amygdala Activity and Resting-State Connectivity With Salience Network Nodes Among Older Adults.

Neighborhood perceptions are associated with physical and mental health outcomes; however, the biological associates of this relationship remain to be fully understood. Here, we evaluate the relationship between neighborhood perceptions and amygdala activity and connectivity with salience network (i.e., insula, anterior cingulate, thalamus) nodes. Forty-eight older adults (mean age = 68 [7] years, 52% female, 47% non-Hispanic Black, 2% Hispanic) without dementia or depression completed the Perceptions of Neighborhood Environment Scale. Lower scores indicated less favorable perceptions of aesthetic quality, walking environment, availability of healthy food, safety, violence (i.e., more perceived violence), social cohesion, and participation in activities with neighbors. Participants separately underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Less favorable perceived safety ( β = -0.33, pFDR = .04) and participation in activities with neighbors ( β = -0.35, pFDR = .02) were associated with higher left amygdala activity, independent of covariates including psychosocial factors. Less favorable safety perceptions were also associated with enhanced left amygdala functional connectivity with the bilateral insular cortices and the left anterior insula ( β = -0.34, pFDR = .04). Less favorable perceived social cohesion was associated with enhanced left amygdala functional connectivity with the right thalamus ( β = -0.42, pFDR = .04), and less favorable perceptions about healthy food availability were associated with enhanced left amygdala functional connectivity with the bilateral anterior insula (right: β = -0.39, pFDR = .04; left: β = -0.42, pFDR = .02) and anterior cingulate gyrus ( β = -0.37, pFDR = .04). Taken together, our findings document relationships between select neighborhood perceptions and amygdala activity as well as connectivity with salience network nodes; if confirmed, targeted community-level interventions and existing community strengths may promote brain-behavior relationships.

Üniversite Girişimcilik Ortamı Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi: Bir Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Bu araştırmada akademisyenlerin üniversite girişimcilik ortamına ilişkin tutumlarını ölçmeye yönelik güvenilir ve geçerli bir aracın oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını 2020 TÜBİTAK Girişimci ve Yenilikçi Üniversite Endeksindeki ilk 50 üniversitede görev yapan ve ölçme aracını eksiksiz ve doğru olarak yanıtlayan 686 akademisyen oluşturmaktadır. Ölçme aracının geliştirilmesinde testin amacının ve ölçülecek özelliklerin belirlenmesi, literatür taraması ve madde havuzunun oluşturulması, teknik denetim ve dil anlaşılırlığının incelenmesi, uzman görüşü alma (kapsam geçerliği), pilot uygulama ve testin psikometrik özelliklerinin belirlenmesinden (geçerlik ve güvenirlik) oluşan yedi aşamalı model izlenmiştir. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliğinin incelenmesinde faktör analizinden yararlanılmış, gerçekleştirilen doğrulayıcı ve açımlayıcı faktör analizleri sonrasında ölçeğin 19 maddeden oluşan tek boyutlu bir yapı gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alfa, Ortalama Açıklanan Varyans (AVE) ve Kompozit Güvenilirlik (CR) değerleri sırasıyla 0,98 , 0,74 ve 0,98 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda ölçeğin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Girişimci Üniversite, Üniversite Girişimcilik Ortamı Ölçeği, Geçerlik, Güvenirlik JEL Sınıflandırması: I23,L26,M14

Agricultural subsidies on common prosperity: Evidence from the Chinese social survey

Based on the data from the Chinese Social Survey (CSS) of 13,359 interviewed farm households, the paper systematically evaluates the impact of agricultural subsidies on the farmers' common prosperity by measuring the development of common prosperity from the aspects of “comprehensive” prosperity and “universal” affluence. The research draws the following conclusions: (1) Agricultural subsidies significantly raises the per capita income level of rural households, reduces income inequality between households, contributes to “comprehensive” prosperity and “universal” affluence, and realizes the goal of common prosperity. Also, this paper uses 2SLS, LIML, GMM, replacement and combination of variables, simultaneous quantile regression, and exclusion of outliers to test the robustness of the baseline regression results, which remains robust after a series of tests. (2) The effect of agricultural subsidies on the farmers' common prosperity will show obvious heterogeneity phenomenon due to the differences in the natural conditions, economic development level, policy environment and agricultural business scale of the region, which need to be treated differently. (3) The transfer of agricultural land plays a mediating role. Agricultural subsidies will encourage farmers to enhance the transfer of agricultural land, thereby raising incomes and reducing income inequality, which will help farmers to realize common prosperity. Part-time farming plays a moderating role. The lower the degree of part-time farming, the stronger the effect of agricultural subsidies in promoting the common prosperity of farmers. Our study gives innovative experience and ideas for improving the agricultural subsidy policy system, optimizing the structure of agricultural subsidies, and then using agricultural subsidies to more comprehensively promote common prosperity in rural areas.

Left Without Being Seen: Nurse Work Environment and Timely Outcomes in New York and Illinois Emergency Departments

IntroductionThis study determined the relationship between the emergency nurse work environment and emergency department patient left without being seen rates and lengths of stay. MethodsCross-sectional analysis of 215 New York and Illinois emergency departments. The work environment (abbreviated Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index) was measured by emergency nurses in the 2021 RN4CAST-NY/IL survey and linked with outcomes from Hospital Compare. Regression models estimated the relationship between the nurse work environment and emergency department patient left without being seen rates, median length of stay (in minutes), and median behavioral health patient length of stay. Model coefficients were used to estimate expected additional care minutes gained if emergency department work environments improved. Results“Mixed” work environments had the longest median overall length of stay (3.4 hours) and the highest median left without being seen rates (2.2%), while “poor” work environments had the longest median length of stay for behavioral health patients (6 hours). Improving the emergency department work environment from poor to mixed (and mixed to better) was associated with a 13-minute reduction in overall length of stay (P ≤ .05), a 33-minute reduction in behavioral health length of stay (P ≤ .01), and a 19% reduction in left without being seen rates (P ≤ .01). We estimated 11,824 to 41,071 additional patients could be seen in emergency departments associated with work environment improvements from “poor” to “better,” depending on annual patient volumes. DiscussionHospital administrators should consider investing in nurse work environments as a foundation to improve timely outcomes.

Kako mjeriti „povezanost s prirodom“? Provjera valjanosti i pouzdanosti skale Povezanost s prirodom na uzorcima učenika, roditelja i učitelja

Previous research has confirmed the importance of measuring the level of connectedness to nature and its relationship to the development of positive emotions, pro-environmental attitudes, and behaviors towards nature. Research also suggests that connectedness to nature declines in adolescence and that family, teachers, and educational practice may be important factors in promoting significant development of connectedness to nature in school children. This paper presents research whose first objective was to examine the measurement indicators of validity and reliability of Mayer and Frantz’s (2004) “Connectedness to Nature Scale” in samples of Croatian and Slovenian schoolchildren, parents, and teachers, as well as the “Attitudes Toward the Environment Scale” in samples of schoolchildren. The second objective of the research was to examine the relationship between the level of connectedness to nature of pupils, teachers, and parents, pupils’ attitudes towards the environment, and their socio-demographic variables. The research sample consisted of a total of 1345 participants, pupils (N=762), their parents (N=568), and teachers (N=115) in primary schools in Croatia and Slovenia. The measurement indicators were determined for both scales in all three participant samples. Bivariate correlation analysis, non-parametric tests to determine differences between groups of participants, and multiple regression analysis were performed. Both scales yielded satisfactory measures of content validity and reliability. High arithmetic estimates for the degree of connectedness to nature were determined for all three samples. The results of the regression analysis indicate that the level of connectedness to nature of parents and teachers, as well as pupils’ attitudes towards the environment, help to explain pupils’ connectedness to nature, but also that the level of connectedness to nature “decreases” in relation to male gender and classroom teaching. The results of this study confirm previous research and have important implications, not only as a stimulus for future research, but also for future educational efforts in schools.

Turkish validity and reliability study of midwifery student evaluation of practice (MidSTEP) tool

BackgroundIn midwifery education, clinical learning environments have a significant impact on students' acquisition of clinical competence and professional self-identity. The Turkish version of the MidSTEP can be used a measurement tool to assess midwifery students' perceptions of their clinical learning environment experiences and the positive effects of preceptor on the professional development of midwifery students. AimThis research was conducted to determine the Turkish validity-reliability of MidSTEP. MethodThis research, which was designed as a methodological study, was conducted with volunteer students studying in the first, second, and third years of midwifery at a university in Turkey. The MidSTEP consists of the Clinical Learning Environment Scale and Impact of the Midwifery Preceptor Scale, each with two subscales. The validity and reliability of the MidSTEP were assessed using Exploratory Factor Analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient. ParticipantsIn this study, 205 students were included in the research sample, considering that it may not be sufficient to reveal the factor structure when the number of scale items and the sample size is less than 200. ResultsAs a result of the factor analysis a 26 item measurement tool of two scales and each with two sub-dimensions was achieved. The Turkish version of the MidSTEP Tool matched the original scale in terms of the number of items and factor structure. Conclusions and implications for practiceThe Turkish version of the MidSTEP is a valid and reliable instrument. The measurement tool can confidently be used in undergraduate midwifery clinical education.