Wireless Network Environment Research Articles

Privacy Aware Monitoring of Mobile Users in Sensor Networks Environment

<p><strong>Abstract—</strong>Due to complex monitoring systems in various business domains, secrecy and privacy has become critical issue for movable resources including human being. In a mobile object monitoring systems, balancing computing resources and quality of privacy is required. Objects can be mobile devices or users or any other moving entity. This work is presented in wireless sensor network environment. Earlier work does not consider presence of mobile objects in 3D space. We can observe that objects also carry Z axis in city area where high rise buildings are present. Earlier monitoring applications are mainly designed in two dimensional space to protect privacy. Our novelty is to suggest and design mechanism that reflect Z position (height) of mobile objects for protecting privacy. While calculating cloaking area and counting of objects, height is also considered as third dimension. This results in better location privacy as compared to the privacy delivered by the scheme that considers two dimensional space. We have presented performance, communications cost and privacy strength of modified 3D quality algorithm and 3D resource algorithm. Moreover, we present novel containment resolution algorithm that handles duplicate counting due to 3D presence of wireless system and mobile devices.</p>

RETRACTED ARTICLE: P2P net loan default risk based on Spark and complex network analysis based on wireless network element data environment

P2P net loan is the latest financial lending platform business, which is a new way of borrowing under the background of rapid development of the mobile Internet. Since the beginning of the new century, net loan default has caused P2P companies to break up funds and operate without continuity, which has become an important factor affecting the healthy development of the industry. Therefore, starting from the actual management situation of P2P net loan platform, the default risk of net loan was studied based on Spark technology in wireless network environment. The decision tree data mining algorithm was introduced to construct the early warning model of the net loan default risk, which achieved effective control of risk links. From the fuzzy characteristics that affected the uncertain factors of net loan credit, a hybrid algorithm model of C4.5 decision tree optimization was established. The simulation results show that the hybrid optimization model has good application value.

Comparative analysis of the performance of various active queue management techniques to varying wireless network conditions

This paper demonstrates the robustness of active queue management techniques to varying load, link capacity and propagation delay in a wireless environment. The performances of four standard controllers used in Transmission Control Protocol/Active Queue Management (TCP/AQM) systems were compared. The active queue management controllers were the Fixed-Parameter Proportional Integral (PI), Random Early Detection (RED), Self-Tuning Regulator (STR) and the Model Predictive Control (MPC). The robustness of the congestion control algorithm of each technique was documented by simulating the varying conditions using MATLAB® and Simulink® software. From the results obtained, the MPC controller gives the best result in terms of response time and controllability in a wireless network with varying link capacity and propagation delay. Thus, the MPC controller is the best bet when adaptive algorithms are to be employed in a wireless network environment. The MPC controller can also be recommended for heterogeneous networks where the network load cannot be estimated.

Streaming High-Definition Real-Time Video to Mobile Devices with Partially Reliable Transfer

Delivering High-Definition (HD) real-time video to mobile devices is challenged with stringent constraints in delay and reliability. In the presence of network dynamics (e.g., channel errors and bandwidth fluctuations), the existing error-control mechanisms [e.g., Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) and Forward Error Correction (FEC)] frequently induce deadline violations and quality degradations. To strike an effective balance between delay and reliability in real-time video transmission, this research presents an application-layer solution dubbed P artial r E liability based R eal-tim E S treaming (PERES) to perform partially reliable transfer. First, we develop an analytical framework to model the delay-constrained partial reliability for acknowledgement (ACK) and negative acknowledgement (NAK) based real-time video streaming. Second, we propose scheduling algorithms for video-aware reliability adaptation and network-adaptive buffer control. PERES is able to maximize the transmission reliability of high-priority video frames within stringent delay constraint . We implement the proposed transmission scheme in embedded video monitoring systems and evaluate the efficacy over different wireless network environments. Evaluation results demonstrate PERES achieves appreciable improvements over the reference schemes in perceptual video quality, delay performance, and bandwidth efficiency.

Performance Analysis of an unslotted CSMA scheme based on SU’s priority in heterogeneous cognitive Wireless Networks

The spectrum access scheme for secondary users(SUs) in heterogeneous cognitive wireless networks environment was studied. We propose a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) scheme based on SU’s priority in heterogeneous networks environment and analyze the system performance by queueing analytic method. The numerical results show that performance of our proposed scheme is better than the schemes without considering SU’s priority.

A Dual-Chaining Watermark Scheme for Data Integrity Protection in Internet of Things

Chaining watermark is an effective way to verify the integrity of streaming data in wireless network environment, especially in resource-constrained sensor networks, such as the perception layer of Internet of Things applications. However, in all existing single chaining watermark schemes, how to ensure the synchronization between the data sender and the receiver is still an unsolved problem. Once the synchronization points are attacked by the adversary, existing data integrity authentication schemes are difficult to work properly, and the false negative rate might be up to 50 percent. And the additional fixed group delimiters not only increase the data size, but are also easily detected by adversaries. In this paper, we propose an effective dual-chaining watermark scheme, called DCW, for data integrity protection in smart campus IoT applications. The proposed DCW scheme has the following three characteristics: (1) In order to authenticate the integrity of the data, fragile watermarks are generated and embedded into the data in a chaining way using dynamic grouping; (2) Instead of additional fixed group delimiters, chained watermark delimiters are proposed to synchronize the both transmission sides in case of the synchronization points are tampered; (3) To achieve lossless integrity authentication, a reversible watermarking technique is applied. The experimental results and security analysis can prove that the proposed DCW scheme is able to effectively authenticate the integrity of the data with free distortion at low cost in our smart meteorological Internet of Things system.

A Novel SDN-based Cross Handoff Scheme in Industrial Mobile Networks

Supporting smooth handoff management in integrated smart factory architecture is an important issue. Existing handoff management protocols are not enough to ensure handoff support for Industrial Networks applications. SDN-Based Industrial Cross Handoff (SBICH) protocol technique was developed to support efficient handoff management between Industrial Networks. SBICH supports mobility management in wireless network environment and uses mobile speed and handoff signaling delay information to improve handoff performance. We analyze this handoff performance. This analysis shows that the performance is quite high.

Managing and Reducing Handoffs Latency in Wireless Local Area Networks using Multi-Channel Virtual Access Points

The time is era of computer technology and relevant hybrid disciplines to emerge as a multi impact entity in the technological world. In the same stream where user of technology is increasing the expectation from the technology are also expedite, thus users need to have high speed network to support high speed devices, especially in the technical world where palm computers hit the market at its excel. High data transfer rate should be enough supportive to the environment of next generation wireless networks. Mobility is another added factor to high speed connectivity issues. Users for enormous application would like to use a network which is heterogeneous in nature, such as high availability and high bandwidth to avoid issues in real time applications, video streaming and including VoIP and multi-media over the mobile networks. Thus mobile communication access massively relies on the continuous network availability which is done through handoffs, ensures the seamless transfer of device from one AP to another. In this paper, I have extracted the novel approach of multi-channel virtual access points which will nullify or reduce the handoffs latency.

Receiver-Assisted Partial-Reliable Multimedia Multipathing Over Multi-Homed Wireless Networks

With the advancement of multimedia technologies and driven by the ever-increasing user interests in the variety of multimedia applications, the content-rich multimedia streaming services tend to be the most attractive service in future Internet. The multipath TCP (MPTCP), which uses multiple paths for parallel transmission and bandwidth aggregation, is considered to be the most potential transfer mechanism to satisfy the specific requirements of multimedia transmission in a multi-homed wireless network environment. However, the fully-reliable transmission nature of MPTCP can cause an unnecessary retransmission of expired multimedia data, block message from handing over to upper layer, and thus degrade the user-perceived multimedia service quality. In this paper, we propose a receiver-centric partial-reliable multipath transport solution (referred to as $rec$ PR-MPTCP) to support real-time Internet multimedia applications. In the $rec$ PR-MPTCP, a partial reliability extension is presented which runs at receiver side in order to offer a partial reliability multipathing service for multimedia applications. In addition, a new one-way delay-based bandwidth aggregation method is included into the $rec$ PR-MPTCP in order to reduce the receive buffer blocking problem in MPTCP and increase multimedia services performance. Simulation results show that $rec$ PR-MPTCP outperforms the current MPTCP solutions in terms of throughput performance and user-perceived quality of service.

Clustering Transmission Opportunity Length (CTOL) Model over Cognitive Radio Network.

This paper investigated the throughput performance of a secondary user (SU) for a random primary user (PU) activity in a realistic experimental model. This paper proposed a sensing and frame duration of the SU to maximize the SU throughput under the collision probability constraint. The throughput of the SU and the probability of collisions depend on the pattern of PU activities. The pattern of PU activity was obtained and modelled from the experimental data that measure the wireless local area network (WLAN) environment. The WLAN signal has detected the transmission opportunity length (TOL) which was analyzed and clustered into large and small durations in the CTOL model. The performance of the SU is then analyzed and compared with static and dynamic PU models. The results showed that the SU throughput in the CTOL model was higher than the static and dynamic models by almost 45% and 12.2% respectively. Furthermore, the probability of collisions in the network and the SU throughput were influenced by the value of the minimum contention window and the maximum back-off stage. The simulation results revealed that the higher contention window had worsened the SU throughput even though the channel has a higher number of TOLs.

Based on the Stackelberg game with decode and forward protocol for physical layer security in the heterogeneous wireless networks

Using wireless relay nodes to cooperate is a very important helpful way to improve the physical layer security performance. In this paper, in the presence of an eavesdropping node between the source and destination nodes, a decoded and forward technology is used to form a virtual beam through the relay nodes, which selectively enables the main lobe to point to the destination node to achieve the secure communication of the physical layer. However, this situation often requires the assumption that the relay nodes involved in collaborative help can unconditionally and unselfishly assist other nodes in secure communication. In the actual heterogeneous wireless network environment, each wireless node has selfishness, and their relationship is not only cooperative but also competitive. First, in order to encourage the active participation of the relay nodes, the relationship between the source nodes and the cooperative relay nodes is modeled as the Stackelberg game. Through this game, the dynamic compensation of the power consumed for the cooperative nodes is achieved. Then, in order to promote the virtuous competition among the relay nodes involved in the cooperation, the competition relationship among the participating cooperation nodes is constructed as a noncooperative game. The game will enable all cooperative relay nodes to dynamically and reasonably charge the consumed power. In the case of a certain security rate, this paper proves the power allocation of the source node and the cooperative relay node, as well as the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium point of the power price. And the convergent search algorithm is given. The simulation results show that the distribution power of the source node and the cooperative relay node will be dynamically optimized with the dynamic change of channel characteristics. The power pricing of the relay nodes will also change with the dynamic changes of channel characteristics and node distribution. In addition, when the number of relay nodes participating in cooperation exceeds 6, the additional revenue to the source node is less.

Performance improvement in vertical heterogeneous handoff methodology using CANFIS classification approaches

SummaryDetection of malicious Base Stations (BS) in heterogeneous wireless networks is significant for developing an efficient system in wireless networks. In this paper, the handoff is performed between two different networks such as Wi‐Fi and WiMax, which may be located in different locations in the same region. The trust features, Cumulative Binary Features and Cost Index Features of each BS in different wireless network environment, are derived individually, which differentiates the behavior of the normal BS and malicious BS in different networks using Co‐Active Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (CANFIS) classification approach. The proposed methodology is compared with other state‐of‐arts methods for evaluating the individuality and efficiency. The proposed heterogeneous handoff methodology achieves 96.02% of packet delivery ratio, 90% detection rate, 94.6% of precision, and 15.99 ms of latency.

Wireless Transport Protocol Variants for Cognitive Radio Networks

Scarce wireless resources, lead to development of cognitive radio network as a solution to unlicensed users communication in the licensed frequency band. In response to the behavior of licensed users communication, unlicensed users communication need to change from one frequency band to another band. In this communication paradigm, the performance of unlicensed users transmission control protocol gets degraded due to the features of cognitive radio network. To overcome this, several authors suggested quite a few modifications in the existing wireless transport protocol for cognitive radio network environment. This paper gives an overview of different transport protocols used for unlicensed users’ communication in cognitive radio networks

Environment-Adaptation Based Hybrid Neural Network Predictor for Signal Propagation Loss Prediction in Cluttered and Open Urban Microcells

In the design and placement of radio base station transmitters, the accurate field signal power prediction and modelling is of critical importance. In this work, an adaptive neural network predictor which combines multilayer perception (MLP) and adaptive linear element (Adaline) is proposed for enhanced signal propagation loss prediction in microcellular urban environments. The prediction accuracy of the proposed Hybrid adaptive neural network predictor has been tested and evaluated using experimental field strength data acquired from LTE radio network environment with mixed residential, commercial and cluttered building structures. By means of first order statistical performance evaluation metrics, namely, regression coefficient (R), root mean squared error, standard deviation and mean absolute error, the proposed adaptive hybrid approach provide a better prediction accuracy compared to the standard MLP ANN prediction approach. The superior performance of the hybrid neural predictor can be attributed to its capability to learn, adaptively respond and predict the fluctuating patterns of the reference propagation loss data during training.

A Passive Tracking System Based on Geometric Constraints in Adaptive Wireless Sensor Networks.

Target tracking technologies in wireless sensor network (WSNs) environments fall into two categories: active and passive schemes. Unlike with the active positioning schemes, in which the targets are required to hold cooperative devices, the research on passive tracking, i.e., tracking device-free targets, has recently showed promise. In the WSN, device-free targets can be tracked by sensing radio frequency tomography (RFT) on the line-of-sight links (LOSLs). In this paper, we propose a passive tracking scheme exploiting both adaptive-networking LOSL webs and geometric constraint methodology for tracking single targets, as well as multiple targets. Regarding fundamental knowledge, we firstly explore the spatial diversity technique for RFT detection in realistic situations. Then, we analyze the power consumption of the WSN and propose an adaptive networking scheme for the purpose of energy conservation. Instead of maintaining a fixed LOSL density, the proposed scheme can adaptively adjust the networking level to save energy while guaranteeing tracking accuracy. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated with computer simulations. According to the results, it is observed that the proposed scheme can sufficiently reduce power consumption, while providing qualified tracking performance.

Multicast Hybrid Group Key Management in Wireless Networks Environment

Multicast Hybrid Group Key Management in Wireless Networks Environment

Adapting Probabilistic Flooding in Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks

Technological advantages in energy harvesting have been successfully applied in wireless sensor network environments, prolonging network’s lifetime, and, therefore, classical networking approaches like information dissemination need to be readdressed. More specifically, Probabilistic Flooding information dissemination is revisited in this work and it is observed that certain limitations arise due to the idiosyncrasies of nodes’ operation in energy harvesting network environments, resulting in reduced network coverage. In order to address this challenge, a modified version of Probabilistic Flooding is proposed, called Robust Probabilistic Flooding, which is capable of dealing with nodes of about to be exhausted batteries that resume their operation after ambient energy collection. In order to capture the behavior of the nodes’ operational states, a Markov chain model is also introduced and—based on certain observations and assumptions presented here—is subsequently simplified. Simulation results based on the proposed Markov chain model and a solar radiation dataset demonstrate the inefficiencies of Probabilistic Flooding and show that its enhanced version (i.e., Robust Probabilistic Flooding) is capable of fully covering the network on the expense of increased termination time in energy harvesting environments. Another advantage is that no extra overhead is introduced regarding the number of disseminated messages, thus not introducing any extra transmissions and therefore the consumed energy does not increase.

Dynamic user preference based group vertical handoffs in heterogeneous wireless networks: a non-cooperative game approach

When a group of Mobile Users (MUs) equipped with multi-mode or multi-home terminals, like passengers on board a bus or a train or a car, moves from one wireless network (WN) to another WN within a heterogeneous wireless network (HWN) environment, request vertical handoffs simultaneously, a group vertical handoff (GVHO) occurs. In literature, the prevailing research work is mainly concerned for forced GVHO with network aspects like signal strength and bandwidth etc. while in reality the user initiated GVHO with the user aspects like price, power consumption and velocity etc. along with their respective user preferences is more important for performing vertical handoffs in HWNs. In user initiated GVHO, selection of the mutually best WN-MU pair which can maximise network revenue of constituent WN as well as user satisfaction of MU in a group while minimising the simultaneous selection of a WN by multiple MU of the group is a challenging problem. This paper proposes a GVHO decision model based on non-cooperative game which utilizes multiple handoff decision attributes and their respective user preferences calculated dynamically on real-time basis as the game strategies to select the best available WNs by group MUs at NASH equilibrium for vertical handoffs. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated in terms of number of GVHOs, price of anarchy and price of stability for both group of MUs and WNs. The simulation results show that the proposed model results in minimum number of GVHOs as compared to existing GVHO models and maximisation of user satisfaction and network revenue.

Среда совместного лицензированного доступа в беспроводной сети как система массового обслуживания с ненадежным ресурсом

Среда совместного лицензированного доступа в беспроводной сети как система массового обслуживания с ненадежным ресурсом

Analysis of Active Spectrum Handoff Effect Based on Cooperative Spectrum Prediction

In the cognitive radio network environment, because the sub-user opportunistic use of “spectrum hole” to communicate, resulting in the inevitable uninterrupted system for spectrum switching, and frequent spectral switching system performance significantly reduced. In this paper, an active spectrum switching method based on improved cooperative spectrum prediction is proposed based on the existing active spectrum switching based on single user prediction. This method can effectively improve the performance of spectrum switching by introducing the cooperative prediction module into the frame structure and the idea of dividing the frame structure frequency domain. Based on the experimental simulation, it is proved that the performance of the method is improved compared with the traditional single-user prediction active spectrum switching method and the periodic spectrum sensing switching method, the average switching delay, channel switching frequency and collision rate and other performance indicators have been effectively improved.