Mobile Phone Environment Research Articles

Spatial-spectral methods of increasing the efficiency of artillery reconnaissance

The author analyzes the evolution of reconnaissance-fire technology based on reconnaissance-strike (RSS) and reconnaissance-fire (RFS) systems and its transition to the ideology of reconnaissance-fire systems (RFS).
 Based on Boyd's cybernetic model, the situational model of RFS combat control and the issue of optimizing it in terms of the "observe" cycle are considered. Practical ways of implementing the developed approach based on multichannel spatial and multispectral processing of intelligence information are substantiated. The optimality of the developed approach is confirmed by the results of a model experiment.
 A methodology for adapting the characteristics of multi-channel processing of location information to a dynamically changing mobile phone environment has been developed. The optimality of the developed approach is confirmed by the results of the model experiment, and the practical feasibility is confirmed by the patent for the invention.The maximum combat effectiveness of the first stage of the Boyd cycle (artillery reconnaissance) – range, accuracy, target channel, immunity - is achieved by the integration of ground-based radar means of reconnaissance of firing positions and UAVs with multispectral surveillance equipment. 
 The practical significance of the obtained results is provided by the independence of targeting accuracy from the target range with simultaneous provision of round-the-clock operation, all-weather operation, interference resistance and potential informativeness of artillery reconnaissance. The attainable gain in artillery reconnaissance effectiveness indicators is 7.2 times the range, and 20 times the target channel. All analytical results are aimed at implementation in the practice of designing the production of equipment for ground and on-board reconnaissance components.

Research on Apple iPhone’s Marketing Strategy in China

In recent years, people's income has increased due to economic development. Mobile phones have become one of the most popular consumer electronic products. As an international giant, Apple’s marketing strategy in the Chinese market has significantly impacted the iPhone’s success in the Chinese market. According to the statistics on Apple’s product category revenue from 2015- 2021, the percentage of iPhones has decreased from 20015 to 2021 in the past five years in the Chinese market. Focusing on this problem, this paper studies Apple’s marketing strategy in the Chinese Market. This research adopts the literature research/analysis method to analyze the marketing environment, marketing status, and trend of Apple mobile phones in China. Then, it analyzes the problems in its marketing mix strategy, the reasons for these problems, and gives corresponding suggestions, including implementing a differentiated product strategy, adopting a customer-oriented price strategy, adopting a diversified channel sales strategy, and diversified promotion strategies. This paper mainly analyzes the issues of Apple’s marketing strategy in the Chinese market, hoping to provide valuable suggestions for Apple’s marketing work in the Chinese market and provide a reference for the Chinese smartphone brand in delivering marketing strategies.

Millimeter-Wave ±45° Dual Linearly Polarized End-Fire Phased Array Antenna for 5G/B5G Mobile Terminals

In this article, a millimeter-wave (mmWave) endfire phased array antenna with ±45° linear polarizations is proposed for fifth generation (5G)/B5G mobile communications. The proposed antenna achieves ±45° polarizations by utilizing a modified substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot polarizer. The polarizer generates dual orthogonal modes with equal amplitudes and a 0°/180° phase difference, thereby yielding <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$+ 45^{\circ }/- 45^{\circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -polarization radiated waves in the far field. In a practical metal-framed mobile phone environment, the ±45 polarizations are verified to provide more balanced radiation patterns and, consequently, a higher polarization-multiple input multiple output (MIMO) efficiency. A prototype of the proposed 1 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 4 array is fabricated and measured, achieving a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 23.4–30.0 GHz (covers 5G band of n257/n258), with an isolation better than 15.6 dB and a realized gain above 8.9 dBi in the operating bandwidth. A peak gain of 11.4 dBi and a 3 dB scanning range of 87° can be observed at 27.0 GHz. Furthermore, the prototype is characterized on a metal-framed mobile phone platform, experimentally demonstrating its superiority to conventional vertical/horizontal polarized (V-/H-pol) arrays. The validated advantages of the balanced radiation patterns and robust impedance matching make the proposed ±45°-polarization endfire antenna array a promising candidate for mobile terminals in the era of 5G/B5G.

Smartphone-based Biometric Authentication Scheme for Access Control Management in Client-server Environment

As the information put together by the blend of smartphones, the cloud, the IOT, and ubiquitous computing continue to expand at an alarming rate, a data breach increases. Today, users' strong authentication and authorization approaches are increasingly important to secure sensitive, confidential, secret information. Possession and knowledge-based authentication techniques for computers, the internet, email accounts, etc., are commonly used to access vital information; they do not link a user to an established identity, resulting in most security vulnerabilities. Biometric authentication, on the other hand, has the privilege of being more reliable than traditional authentication as biometric characteristics of a person can’t be lost; they are tough to distribute, exchange or duplicate; and it requires the user to be present during the authentication process, thereby relating the users to established identities. Biometrics provides a higher level of assurance that the individual attempting to ascertain is the individual in question. Thus, resulting in a more reliable, usable, and cost-effective model with a higher level of protection to deter an attacker from obtaining entry to a computer or network and gaining access to confidential data. This paper introduces a novel fingerprint-based authentication scheme for mobile environments, enabling user authentication based on fingerprint features using a challenge-response-based authentication process. In this study, the proposed authentication system has been developed on a real Android-based smartphone, tested on actual users, and performance analysis has been carried out; empirical results reveal that the proposed authentication scheme achieves increased performance. Moreover, a usability analysis has been done to determine efficiency, effectiveness, and user satisfaction. The evaluation results indicate its feasibility to use it as an effective authentication mechanism for mobile phone environments.

SIMULATION OF WIRELESS ESTIMATION BANDWIDTH FOR NETWORK TECHNOLOGY

Wireless estimation bandwidth is used in path selection for a network environment. To access the internet, a typical user shares the same bandwidth that has been provided by the Internet Service Provider (ISP). The scenario worsens when a few of the users access multimedia content on the Internet which requires high bandwidth at the same time. This research could be enhanced in other different network environments, such as wired and mobile phone environments, and represents an analysis of ready bandwidth using a few wireless bandwidth estimation tools, which are WBest, Pathload, IGI MRTG, PRTG and PTR. This paper attempts to design and develop a detection mechanism for wireless estimation bandwidth to estimate an available bandwidththrough several sending of injection traffic packets to the server. In this paper, we measured available bandwidth with WBest. Then we analysed the estimation measurements prior to 2 simulations done on Wireless Mode 11 Mbps 802.11b and Wireless Mode 54 Mbps 802.11g. Three different percentages of packet injection (0%, 25%, 50%) were tested on Wireless Mode 54 Mbps 802.11g. The results accuracy shows that the 50% packet injection performs the least available bandwidth compared to the injection of 0% and 25% of packets.

State of the Art of Anti-Screen Capture Protection Techniques

The transition toward a contactless society has been rapidly progressing owing to the recent COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the IT environment of organizations and enterprises is changing rapidly;in particular, data security is expanding to the private sector. To adapt to these changes, organizations and companies have started to securely transfer confidential data to residential PCs and personally owned devices of employees working from home or from other locations. Therefore, organizations and companies are introducing streaming data services, such as the virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) or cloud services, to securely connect internal and external networks. These methods have the advantage of providing data without the need to download to a third terminal;however, while the data are being streamed, attacks such as screen shooting or capturing are performed. Therefore, there is an increasing interest in prevention techniques against screen capture threats that may occur in a contactless environment. In this study, we analyze possible screen capture methods in a PC and a mobile phone environment and present techniques that can protect the screens against specific attack methods. The detection and defense for screen capture of PC applications on Windows OS and Mac OS could be solved with a single agent using our proposed techniques. Screen capture of mobile devices can be prevented by applying our proposed techniques on Android and iOS. © 2021 KSII.

Noninvasive Hemoglobin Level Prediction in a Mobile Phone Environment: State of the Art Review and Recommendations.

BackgroundThere is worldwide demand for an affordable hemoglobin measurement solution, which is a particularly urgent need in developing countries. The smartphone, which is the most penetrated device in both rich and resource-constrained areas, would be a suitable choice to build this solution. Consideration of a smartphone-based hemoglobin measurement tool is compelling because of the possibilities for an affordable, portable, and reliable point-of-care tool by leveraging the camera capacity, computing power, and lighting sources of the smartphone. However, several smartphone-based hemoglobin measurement techniques have encountered significant challenges with respect to data collection methods, sensor selection, signal analysis processes, and machine-learning algorithms. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive methods is required to recommend a hemoglobin measurement process using a smartphone device.ObjectiveIn this study, we analyzed existing invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive approaches for blood hemoglobin level measurement with the goal of recommending data collection techniques, signal extraction processes, feature calculation strategies, theoretical foundation, and machine-learning algorithms for developing a noninvasive hemoglobin level estimation point-of-care tool using a smartphone.MethodsWe explored research papers related to invasive, minimally invasive, and noninvasive hemoglobin level measurement processes. We investigated the challenges and opportunities of each technique. We compared the variation in data collection sites, biosignal processing techniques, theoretical foundations, photoplethysmogram (PPG) signal and features extraction process, machine-learning algorithms, and prediction models to calculate hemoglobin levels. This analysis was then used to recommend realistic approaches to build a smartphone-based point-of-care tool for hemoglobin measurement in a noninvasive manner.ResultsThe fingertip area is one of the best data collection sites from the body, followed by the lower eye conjunctival area. Near-infrared (NIR) light-emitting diode (LED) light with wavelengths of 850 nm, 940 nm, and 1070 nm were identified as potential light sources to receive a hemoglobin response from living tissue. PPG signals from fingertip videos, captured under various light sources, can provide critical physiological clues. The features of PPG signals captured under 1070 nm and 850 nm NIR LED are considered to be the best signal combinations following a dual-wavelength theoretical foundation. For error metrics presentation, we recommend the mean absolute percentage error, mean squared error, correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman plot.ConclusionsWe addressed the challenges of developing an affordable, portable, and reliable point-of-care tool for hemoglobin measurement using a smartphone. Leveraging the smartphone’s camera capacity, computing power, and lighting sources, we define specific recommendations for practical point-of-care solution development. We further provide recommendations to resolve several long-standing research questions, including how to capture a signal using a smartphone camera, select the best body site for signal collection, and overcome noise issues in the smartphone-captured signal. We also describe the process of extracting a signal’s features after capturing the signal based on fundamental theory. The list of machine-learning algorithms provided will be useful for processing PPG features. These recommendations should be valuable for future investigators seeking to build a reliable and affordable hemoglobin prediction model using a smartphone.

Logo Shape and Color as Drivers of Change in Brand Evaluation and Recognition

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to test whether logo shape and color affect emotional and cognitive response to a new logo. In the explorative part of the study, the effect of the amount of each of the additive primary color on logo perception was examined. Research was done on a sample of 190 students whose ratings were used as logo description measures. Two independent variables used in the study were logo shape (abstract vs. concrete) and logo color (original color vs. greyscale). Results showed that greyscale logos and logos that are concrete were recognized more accurately while liking was not related to either independent variable. It was also observed that the amount of red color in logo is negatively (correlated/related), and blue and green color are positively related to both logo recognition and logo liking. Practitioners are advised to note that factors affecting consumers’ cognition and emotion are different. Scientists can extend findings on the effect of amount of individual colors in a logo. This is one of the first works of research that examined the effect of logo color on brand recognition and has approached studying color in this way of averaging amount of each of the additive primary colors. External validity of the research is enhanced by testing the younger generation in their natural habitat of mobile phone environment.

스팸 필터링 앱 사용자의 이탈 요인 연구: 이탈자와 지속 사용자 비교 및 앱 로그 빅데이터 분석을 중심으로

Recently, various spam calls and messages targeting mobile phone users have been continuously increasing. As the types of spam are becoming diversified with increasing frequency, it not only causes considerable inconvenience to mobile users, but also becomes a risk factor in information security and financial accidents. Telecommunication companies have developed and distributed spam filtering apps, and mobile users are increasingly interested in spam blocking and spam information sharing services. Nevertheless, there have been behaviors that do not use or stop using spam filtering apps. Therefore, it is important for companies and organizations, which need to increase the usage rate of spam filtering apps, to diagnose the use status of spam filtering apps and to analyze how customer churn occurs. This study compares the usage patterns of spam filtering apps between users and churners, and identifies the characteristic behaviors of churners. In particular, by analyzing the big data of app usage log, we derive the factors that affect the increase in churn rate. With the results of this study, it contributes to establishing a safer mobile phone environment by preventing customers from churning and activating the use of spam filtering functions.

Encryption Image using HiSea Algorithm Based on Android Operating System

The mobile phone environment represents one of the important environments in encryption various multimedia (audio, image, and video) , and this depends on the type of algorithm used in the encryption process, as phones have limited memory and computational resources, Therefore the selection of the algorithm must be compatible with the mobile environment in terms of speed, safety and flexibility in addition to choosing an algorithm that The simplicity and safety of the image encryption process was investigated with lightweight and efficient computing. In this paper, Hybrid Cube Encryption (HiSec) was used. When implementing this algorithm in a smart phone environment, the results showed the ease of encrypting images and retrieving the original image, in addition to that it only requires small computational resources, and the algorithm was very effective in encrypting images on mobile phones. This suggested method has been implemented in the mobile environment with android OS. The proposed method has been programmed in JAVA, and the method has been tried on different types of mobile phones (such as Huawei Nova 2, Huawei Nova 7, HTC, NOT 8, Galaxy S 20, and HONOR).

Deployment of a Wireless Sensor Network in MobilePhone Environment

Wireless mobile sensor network is the collection of autonomous and distributed sensor with additional capacity of mobility. Mobility of sensor nodes adds additional functionality to the wireless sensor network of self-deployment and relocation of sensors. Sensors find their own position and placed themselves over the target area after initial sensor distribution. Different approaches have been proposed for the deployment of mobile sensor by considering different issues. Coverage and Connectivity is the main issue of deployment. Some additional issues have to be considered while deploying mobile sensors like sensor relocation, energy efficient movements of sensors, obstacle adaptability, lifetime of network, fault tolerance etc. This paper basically presents the study of different mobile sensor network deployment approaches with their features and drawbacks with respect to a mobile phone environment. The issues of mobile sensor network deployment are investigated in detail. It further discusses the algorithm and the way of deployment along with the self-deployment. Development in the technology of sensor such as Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), wireless communications, embedded systems, distributed processing and wireless sensor applications have contributed a large transformation in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) recently. It assists and improves work performance both in the field of industry and our daily life. Wireless Sensor Network has been widely used in many areas especially for surveillance and monitoring in agriculture and habitat monitoring. Environment monitoring has become an important field of control and protection, providing real-time system and control communication with the physical world. An intelligent and smart Wireless Sensor Network system can gather and process a large amount of data from the beginning of the monitoring and manage air quality, the conditions of traffic, to weather situations. In this paper, we discuss and review wireless sensor network applications for mobile phone environment. In order to implement a good system, there are several requirements to be followed. From the research, it is also proven that this approach can improve the phone performance, provide a convenient and efficient method and can also fulfill functional requirements.

Deep Neural Architecture for Recovering Dropped Pronouns in Korean

Pronouns are frequently dropped in Korean sentences, especially in text messages in the mobile phone environment. Restoring dropped pronouns can be a...

Student Voice in the Mobile Phone Environment

Student voice is recently attracting educational researchers' attention for its influence on various aspects of student lives and futures, as well as social life in general. Mobile technologies are proliferating in social and practical life. This article studies student voice in carrying out outdoor activities with mobile phones. Thirty middle school students participated in outdoor activities related to real life phenomena with the mobile phone. The research results indicate that the teacher's decisions and intentions to utilize the mobile technologies in the learning of mathematics outdoors set the stage for student voice in the mobile context. Furthermore, teacher support, the availability of the mobile phone and the outdoor activities facilitated student voice through enabling various students' actions and interactions: Freedom, autonomy, equality, participation, collaboration, decision making, sharing of ideas and taking the responsibility of the teacher. The consequences of students' learning in the outdoor mobile context included affective as well as social consequences.

Video and Sensor Data Stream With Web Socket on Raspberry Pi 3

Internet of Things (IOT) and communication between machines (M2M), has emerged as an important concept in conjunction with the use of Internet technology in embedded systems. Thus, programmable remote control and the need for people with microcontrollers, it becomes possible to use the system are minimized. Given this device's web server hardware capabilities, also allows the use of technologies such as web sockets. In this study, a mini computer featuring Raspberry Pi 3 moving images, temperature and pir motion data received, transmitting in real time with clients via the web browser and the ability to monitor the place where you have displayed to clients at the same time is designed as a system. The goal of this system, image processing and artificial intelligence methods using a remote place / region to create a hardware and software infrastructure for monitoring or monitoring. The target for the operating system that offers performance from the device with the use of minimal resources, non-graphical interface and development environment ARM-supported Debian Linux as the Node.js installation is preferred. Socket servers and HTTP server software made by users of a particular program without the need for mobile phone environment is installed the device in any environment with a computer or web browser to monitor in real-time, data retrieval, and has obtained the ability to check. Created this is the system to be monitored spaces regardless of the number of users, thanks to the web connector technology in the software encoded on the device in real time without requiring an additional operation in the browser monitoring displays alerts (voice, text, etc.) situation can be produced.

Sustainable Development Initiatives and Strategies on Detrimental Effects of Mobile Phone

Mobile phones are universally popular due to their convenience. Mobile phones solve problems and offer new channels of communication by using a device small enough to fit into one hand. On the other hand, mobile phones are harmful to the environment and which leads to health problems in society and pollution problems via waste contamination and discharge of radiation. Concerns have recently been raised about the sustainability and potential effects on the environment of mobile phones. This study discusses the issues relating to risks associated with mobile phones and addresses sustainable development initiatives and strategies to rectify those issues.

자기공명영상 검사에서 외국인 환자를 위한 자동음성 시스템 개발

본 연구의 목적은 자기공명영상을 이용하여 외국인 환자를 검사할 때 언어의 소통을 위하여 자동음성시스템을 개발하고자 하였다. 자동음성을 위해 사용된 문장은 병원에서 자주 사용하고 있는 12개의 문장과 5개의 외국어를 선택하였다. 이러한 번역된 문장은 Oddcast's website로 부터 무료로 재공 되며 Wav 파일로서 각 언어 특징에 소리로 기록하게 된다. 기록된 오디오 파일은 Mobile phone 환경에서 적용되는 PHP 프로그램을 사용하여 MS-파워포인트(extension; ppsx) 와 Web-enabled system 형태로 재생하게 된다. 음성 시스템 개발은 방사선사에게 언어 소통의 어려움에 관하여 스트레스를 해소될 것이며, 다양한 언어로 설계된 자동음성시스템은 외국인 환자를 검사 할 때 환자에게 진단적 정보를 증가시킬 것이다. 본 연구를 위해 개발된 음성 시스템은 한국의 방사선사와 외국인 환자 사이에서 검사의 이해를 증가시킬 수 있기 때문에 임상실무에서 더욱더 유용하게 이용될 것이라고 기대된다. The purpose of this study intend to develop the automatic voice system for language communicating over foreign patients in testing of magnetic resonance imaging. Used sentences for the automatic voice system was selected with twelve sentences and five foreign languages in hospital in use. These translated texts were provided free of charge from Oddcast's website, which is recorded each language-specific voice as Wav files, The recorded audio file were produced by the two types of a power-point show of MS-office 2013(extension; ppsx) form and Web-enabled system using the PHP program to be applied in the mobile phone environment. It is considered to relieve the stress about an language barrier to medical technician and the voice system designed with the variable language will be enhanced the diagnostic information on foreign patients. Because automatic voice system designed for this study can enhance the understanding of test in between korean medical technician and foreign patients, It will be expected to utilize more usefully in clinical practice.

Scene Analysis from Viewing Orientations in a Shooting Environment of Multiple Mobile Phones

Scene Analysis from Viewing Orientations in a Shooting Environment of Multiple Mobile Phones

Research on the Ideological and Political Education of College Students Based on the Mobile Phone Environment

Research on the Ideological and Political Education of College Students Based on the Mobile Phone Environment

Interaction Between Internal Antenna and External Antenna of Mobile Phone and Hand Effect

In this paper, we begin by presenting a multiband antenna for mobile phone applications operating in GSM, DCS, PCS, UMTS, Bluetooth, and LTE bands. The antenna platform includes the ground plane, the battery, the camera, and other paraphernalia that the mobile phone environment typically comprises. Results show that the platform has a significant effect on the performance of the antenna, both in terms of its bandwidth and the number of its resonance frequencies. In addition, metal rings, frequently used in a mobile phone for mechanical reasons, can also have a significant influence on the performance of the antenna in the phone. Equivalent circuits and current distributions have been derived with the objective of investigating the effects of the metal ring that embrace the mobile phone. We investigate ways in which we can modify the ring so as to restore the desired performance of the antenna, which has been previously designed to operate in the phone environment but without the presence of the ring. We show how we can control the resonances of the ring by using capacitance loading and lower its <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> by loading the ring resistively at a number of different strategic locations along the ring.

문자기반 매체에서 느끼는 사회적 현존감: 모바일 커뮤니케이션의 사례

Since the advent of smart phone, a variety of text-based media are developed and used as popular communication tools even in mobile phone environment. This study explores differences in terms of users` perceived social presence level across different text-based media, specifically KakaoTalk, Facebook, SMS. A survey was conducted using items adopted from previous studies on social presence. 203 data points were collected and used for analysis. Across the whole sample, KakaoTalk is perceived as the highest in terms of perceived social presence level, followed by Facebook and SMS. Also, the users with higher level of sociality tends to reveal higher level of perceived social presence across all the media while younger and/or student users tend to maintain higher level of social presence perception across all the media. Further studies seem necessary investigating features of specific medium that may increase or decrease the perceived level of social presence.