Environment In Serbia Research Articles

Volatile Constituents of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf Grown in Greenhouse in Serbia: Chemical Analysis and Chemometrics

The present study investigated the volatile constituents of Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) grown in a greenhouse environment in Serbia, marking the first commercial cultivation of the plant for essential oil production in the region. The essential oils and hydrolates obtained through steam distillation were analyzed via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the resulting chemical data were further processed using chemometric methods. This study applied quantitative structure retention relationship (QSRR) analysis, employing molecular descriptors (MDs) and artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the retention indices (RIs) of the compounds. A genetic algorithm (GA) was used to select the most relevant MDs for this predictive modeling. A total of 29 compounds were annotated in the essential oils, with geranial and neral being the dominant components, while 37 compounds were detected in the hydrolates. The ANN models effectively predicted the RIs of both essential oils and hydrolates, demonstrating high statistical accuracy and low prediction errors. This research offers valuable insights into the chemical profile of lemongrass cultivated in temperate conditions and advances QSRR modeling for essential oil analysis.

E-accessibility - digital platform for improving the accessibility of urban environments in the Republic of Serbia

In this work author deals with the modeling of the e-platform as a decision-support tool for improving the accessibility of urban areas in the Republic of Serbia. This research systematizes, analyzes and compares existing national and international practices, regulations and norms on the topic of accessibility. Through the research of existing knowledge and good practices and through field research, a theoretical setting of the platform model and an algorithm for calculating the current state of physical accessibility are created, on the example of an adequate statistical theoretical sample taken in the Republic of Serbia (territory of the city municipality of Stari grad of the city of Belgrade). The method for priority decision-making, intervention and application of Universal Design principles in the urban and physical environment in Serbia is presented through interdisciplinary and multi-institutional use of e-platforms. The e-platform model formed in this way will serve as a decision-making aid for all stakeholders, and will enable the current state of accessibility to be displayed in real time, and the approaches and methods in urban and architectural planning and design to be adjusted for more efficient application of Universal Design. This research aims to prove that if we create an e-platform that is accessible to all actors and the public, and data is collected in real time on the spatial components of accessibility, but also on the subjective components of the actors, then conditions are created for the optimization of the management of actions in order to improve accessibility in urban areas.

The Relationship Between Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Reputation in Serbia

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a concept that is based on the idea of a balance between economic, social, and environmental goals of companies. In contemporary business, companies need to be responsible not just to their shareholders, but to broader stakeholders, where employees, customers, investors, suppliers, local community, and natural environment are mostly affected. Also, CSR is seen as a concept that can enhance different financial and market performances, where corporate reputation is gaining more and more attention. Corporate reputation is seen as one of the most important companies’ assets, and it has a great influence on business success. Based on the stakeholder theory and resource-based theory, the authors of this paper investigated both concepts to increase the body of knowledge and provide some practical implications for companies. The paper aims to investigate the relationship between CSR and corporate reputation. The problem of the research is defining of a relationship between CSR and corporate reputation in companies in Serbia, and between specific dimensions of CSR and corporate reputation. The methodology used in the research obtained the analysis of available literature and the empirical analysis of the data on CSR and reputation. The sample was created from 73 large private processing companies in the Republic of Serbia. The authors used PLS-SEM method to investigate the proposed relations, i.e., that CSR has a positive relation with corporate reputation. This methodology was for the first time conducted in the business environment in Serbia, which will enhance the possibility of comparison with the results from other countries. The results pointed that CSR, as a higher-order construct, has a positive relation with corporate reputation, like all dimensions of CSR (responsibility to employees, customers, local community, environment, suppliers). At the end, the authors proposed theoretical and practical implications and limitations of the research.

Digitalno vaspitno-obrazovno okruženje - modeli integracije

Activities that lead to the integration of digital technolgies in kindergartens are a challenge for both developed and developing countries. The aim of this paper is to offer a synthetic overview of the model of integration of digital technologies in the educational environment in Serbia. The paper analyzes the specifics of the learning process of preschool children and the situation in which learning takes place and where the construction, reconstruction and co-construction of knowledge occurs, as well as the benefits of working directly with children in the digital environment. In addition to the analysis and reinterpretation of existing research, the paper uses modeling methods that detect potentials for integrating the use of educational digital technologies (with emphasis on hybrid environments) in the learning process within the old and new concepts of preschool education, ie within "Model A" , "Model B" and "Year of Ascent". The results of the research show that the construction of a digital educational environment requires a more precise legislative framework and a systematic approach that includes a phased strategy for implementation with the necessary comprehensive financial and professional support.

The Geo-Culture of the Environment in Serbia

Depuis trente ans, la Serbie a traversé des périodes de transformations profondes à la suite de la désintégration de la Yougoslavie, la transition post-communiste et, plus récemment, dans le cadre du lent processus d’intégration à l’Union européenne. Les conséquences de ces trois décennies se reflètent aussi sur l’environnement. L’article analyse la « géoculture » de l’environnement en Serbie à travers les trajectoires économiques de ce pays et questionne le rôle des différents acteurs, locaux et internationaux, face aux mutations de ces dernières décennies. Il soulève aussi la question de leurs rapports aux problématiques environnementales dans le contexte du processus d’intégration à l’Union européenne.

Ethnic minority and majority female academic staff members perspectives on women in stem in Serbia

The paper aims to fill the gap in the scholarly literature regarding the way in which the intersection of ethnicity, gender and scientific fields shapes women?s narratives about science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields in a multiethnic environment in Serbia. A qualitative study was conducted, capitalizing on in-depth, semi-structured of twenty semi-structured interviews conducted with university professors from ethnic minority and majority comminties, working in STEM and social sciences and humanities (SSH) field of studies in two state universiteis in Serbia. The findings indicate that ethnic minority female professors from STEM are less open to female students and colleagues in their domains and do not see the need for more women in STEM. This attitude can be traced back to these women having to overcome a ?double jeopardy? and ?symbolic violence? in a very male-dominated field, as they belong to ethnic minority and hat to deal with the lack of or with the denial of recources within institutions. Equal abilities of men and women in STEM was a topic occurring mostly in the narratives of the majority women who mostly adopted a masculine patterns of behavior and tried to become ?one of the boys?. Both minority and majority women agreed that deeply rooted gender stereotypes prevent women from choosing a career in STEM. The research identified the need for more inclusive education programs on all levels and for female role models to steer more women towards STEM.

Mogućnosti razvoja inovacionog ambijenta u Srbiji

In this paper, the authors explore the conditions for the development of innovation in the Republic of Serbia. The paper analyzes the factors influencing the development of the innovation environment. The influences of state institutions, international institutions and programs as well as the influences of the NGO sector on the development of the innovation environment in Serbia are discussed. In order to valorize these efforts to develop the innovation environment in the right way, the authors also analyzed Germany, as the leading economy in supporting the innovation environment and building innovation infrastructure.

Introducing Clinical Informatics Course in Medical School Curricula: Lessons Learned from Medical Faculty University of Belgrade.

The healthcare environment in Serbia has changed dramatically over a last two decades, pointing out the necessity of clinical informatics (CI) education for future MDs. Total of 77 students were enrolled and 72 (93.5%) have successfully finished this course during 4 academic years. Mean total score for all students was 83.4 Âś 9.0 points, without difference between genders. We presented blended learning module as an effective way of gaining competences in CI and recommend this course to be required for future MDs.

Rodne razlike u stavovima prema preduzetništvu u Srbiji među studentima ekonomije

The main goal of this study is to investigate how gender differences affect attitudes towards entrepreneurship among students. Entrepreneurial attitudes are related to the intentions of self-employment, with the personal perception of the business environment and obstacles. The questionnaire used for data collection was adjusted to the goal of the research, the specifics of our entrepreneurial education and the economic environment in Serbia. Data were collected from 333 students of economics from the Academy of Vocational Studies in Southern Serbia. To test the initial hypotheses in this study, the following were used: descriptive-analytical method, in order to describe, evaluate and interpret the collected data, and within that, the non-parametric test ch2. Frequencies in responses between the sexes do not show discrepancies in questions involving knowledge of environment conditions, while there is a wide range in answers to questions related to personal preferences. Understanding the differences between male and female students can make it significantly easier for female students to fully use their entrepreneurial potentials, develop career preferences, and promote female entrepreneurship. New findings can help us regulate minor discrepancies in entrepreneurial education in this area.

Eventual integration or delayed transit: Interaction of residents in reception centres with their new environment in Serbia

The purpose of our study was an analysis of reception centre residents? attitudes in the Republic of Serbia toward the state and the local population. Using a questionnaire, we tried to identify the differences in respondents? attitudes toward their new environment depending on their various socio-demographic characteristics. The survey was conducted in the spring of 2019 on a sample of 173 residents of centres using the PAPI method, face-to-face, and voluntary response sampling. The data obtained are the result of descriptive and inferential analysis and were processed by the SPSS statistical data processing program. Our statistical analysis showed that attitudes of reception centre residents toward their new environment may not correlate strongly with their mother tongue, knowledge of foreign languages, marital status, number of family members, number of minor children in the family, work status, or religion. Instead, it is more likely to depend on their level of education, age, nationality, and gender. Such results show us where we need to improve inter-action, especially among women, young people, and people with a low level of education. We can also suggest that, under favourable conditions, these three categories of reception centre residents will be the first to leave the Republic of Serbia, which they probably see exclusively as a transit country. At the same time, older people and people with a high level of education (most likely men) are more likely to integrate into their new environment in the Republic of Serbia. The more interaction they have with local people and institutions and the higher the quality of that interaction, the more likely they are to integrate.

THE POSSIBILITY OF USING SOLAR ENERGY ON THE TERRITORY OF THE CITY OF LESKOVAC

Average solar radiation in Serbia is about 40% higher than the European average. Despite that, the use of solar energy for electricity generation is far behind the countries of the European Union. Creating conditions for the development and functionality of sustainable markets solar system is of great importance for the economy and the preservation of the natural environment in Serbia. Popularization of photovoltaic production equipment will lead to a reduction in prices and greater use of these devices by the population. Area needed for photovoltaic installation, which is sufficient for a family of four from 7-15m² anywhere in the world. The average solar energy that reaches the Earth's 4kWh / m². The efficiency of photovoltaic technology is a low 10%, which means that it is possible to produce 0.4 kWh / m² per day. An average family spends about 6000 kWh per year, or 4 kWh per day per person. In this work we wanted to show the possibility of using solar energy. Also, the work presents technological capabilities of today's replacement of dirty technologies with it. Special emphasis is placed on good practice example of building a solar power plant. Confirmed the economic viability of solar power plant. In near future we even anticipate a full transition to solar energy technology, as the primary source of energy. Solar energy is clean, renewable, cheap, affordable and perfect in every respect as a source of energy for future technologies. The legislation favors the use of renewable solar energy .For its exploitation there are no legal obstacles like wind energy and hydropower. The energy that the sun emits during a year per 1 m2 of the roof in Serbia equals the energy obtained from burning 130 liters of oil, and when it is completely free. The greatest potential for using solar energy have cities in southern Serbia - Niš, Kuršumlija and Vranje.

SOLAR POWER POTENTIAL IN THE REPUBLIC SERBIA

Average solar radiation in Serbia is about 40% higher than the European average. Despite that, the use of solar energy for electricity generation is far behind the countries of the European Union. Creating conditions for the development and functionality of sustainable markets solar system is of great importance for the economy and the preservation of the natural environment in Serbia. Popularization of photovoltaic production equipment will lead to a reduction in prices and greater use of these devices by the population. Area needed for photovoltaic installation, which is sufficient for a family of four from 7-15m² anywhere in the world. The average solar energy that reaches the Earth's 4kWh / m². The efficiency of photovoltaic technology is a low 10%, which means that it is possible to produce 0.4 kWh / m² per day. An average family spends about 6000 kWh per year, or 4 kWh per day per person. In this work we wanted to show the possibility of using solar energy. Also, the work presents technological capabilities of today's replacement of dirty technologies with it. Special emphasis is placed on good practice example of building a solar power plant. Confirmed the economic viability of solar power plant. In near future we even anticipate a full transition to solar energy technology, as the primary source of energy. Solar energy is clean, renewable, cheap, affordable and perfect in every respect as a source of energy for future technologies. The legislation favors the use of renewable solar energy .For its exploitation there are no legal obstacles like wind energy and hydropower. The energy that the sun emits during a year per 1 m2 of the roof in Serbia equals the energy obtained from burning 130 liters of oil, and when it is completely free. The greatest potential for using solar energy have cities in southern Serbia - Niš, Kuršumlija and Vranje.

Privatnopravni aspekt odgovornosti države za protivpravne ekstrateritorijalne akte

This article deals with the question whether, and to what extent, private law regulates extraterritorial state acts. This question arises primarily in the context of use of force in international relations. The issue is of theoretical importance because civil liability of the state for unlawful extraterritorial acts stands at the intersection of private and public law and internal and international law and, as such, questions the appropriateness of some of the fundamental classifications and categories on which the modern law is based. The issue is of practical importance because civil claims have the potential to become an important mechanism for holding to account states that commit unlawful extraterritorial acts. The practical importance of this issue has been reignited in Serbia with the re-emergence of the initiative to sue NATO states for the compensation of damages caused to civilians and the environment in Serbia by the use of depleted uranium.

Seasonal distributions of heavy metal concentrations in different snail (Helix pomatia) tissues from an urban environment in Serbia.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences between concentrations of heavy metals (cadmium, copper, zinc, iron, and manganese) in terrestrial gastropods, Helix pomatia, collected in four different environment locations in Pančevo city, Serbia. Metal concentrations in the foot and in the digestive gland were measured. Heavy metals cadmium, copper, zinc, iron, and manganese were measured in triplicate by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Also, this study investigated correlations between the trace element content in the soft tissues and different seasons (summer and fall). The results showed that heavy metal concentrations of the measured elements in both snail tissues were significantly higher in polluted sites when compared to the background levels in the city. In digestive gland tissues, the concentration of heavy metals was higher compared with that in foot tissues. The bioaccumulation (heavy metal concentrations in soft tissues) of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in snails, Helix pomatia, has been assessed and related to seasons and sites. Heavy metal accumulation in the soft tissues of snails could provide a powerful monitoring tool for the assessment of environmental heavy metal pollution.

The Potential of The Big Data Implementation, in Serbia, in the context of Marketing Research

Research question: Big Data represents a true business revolution in many areas, and, as such, in marketing research, as well. The subject of this study is the analysis of the existing stage, as well as of the achieved results in the implementation of the Big Data Technology in Serbia. Motivation: The success in managing the company depends on the ability to provide quality and comprehensive information by establishing personalized (1:1) communication with consumers on the global market in real or near real-time. This form of communication has become an imperative of the modern business decision-making process. Advanced Internet technologies, Cloud Computing (Cloud Technology), Big Data and Artificial Intelligence open a significant business potential for companies in Serbia to emerge on global markets. Idea: of this study is to perceive current business environment in Serbia through the prism of research development based on the Big Data technologies. Relevant hypotheses and conducted research have been set up with the aim of pointing to the potential of applying modern information-communication technologies, with an emphasis on artificial intelligence and the Big Data concept. Data: The survey was conducted on 154 business entities from the Serbian Business Register Agency’s database. The applied sampling method was a random analysis (selection was made randomly from the total number of selected companies, with the same probability of choice). Tools: An online survey was used, and respondents were contacted via e-mail. Findings: Research results, opinions and attitudes of managers, experts in the fields of marketing research and information technology, indicate a significant degree of justifiability of investments in new technologies in the Republic of Serbia and result in several proposals of certain measures and recommendations of incentives that should be conducted by the State. Contribution: The solutions in this paper are based upon the implementation of standardized procedures and advanced tools that could be used to overcome a "bottleneck" in the existing IT infrastructure, in order to enable a rapid collection and implementation of enabled data.

Protection of Environment in Serbia: Responsibility for Ecological Economy Offences

Protection of Environment in Serbia: Responsibility for Ecological Economy Offences

Physicochemical parameters and microbiological status of honey produced in an urban environment in Serbia.

Honey is a natural substance produced by honey bees (the genus Apis) enjoyed by people due to its unique nutritional and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to determine the physicochemical parameters (moisture, ash, water-insoluble content, reducing sugars, sucrose, free acidity, diastase activity, hydroxymethylfurfural, and electrical conductivity) and microbiological status (total number of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, total number of sulfite-reducing clostridia, the presence of Salmonella spp., total numbers of fungi and yeasts and the presence of Clostridium botulinum) in honey (honeydew, blossom, sunflower, acacia, and linden) produced in an urban environment in Serbia. We analyzed 19 apiary samples of honey, collected during the 2011 harvesting season, by using recommendation methods. Physicochemical parameters of the examined honey produced in the urban environment indicated the honeys were of acceptable quality. Bacillus spp. were detected in four honeys, yeasts were detected in three honeys, and Clostridium botulinum type E was detected in one honey using PCR. The current study also showed the presence of diverse honey varieties in Serbia.

Finansijsko-izvestajne promene u Srbiji u 2018

Financial reporting environment in Serbia is under pressure to change. Changes not only demand laws and institutional upgrading, but also behavioural innovations in order to reflect modern attitude toward financial information. Five years ago Serbia experienced financial reporting changes. Now we are damanded to make a step further, to harmonize our law on accounting as well as law on auditing with new EU requirements. This will trigger changes in institutional order. All these changes shall give way to new reforms that open the space of reliable financial information, and help economy become prosperous.

Uticaj poslovnog okruženja na performanse sektora MSPP u Srbiji

The paper analyzes the quality of the business environment in Serbia and its impact on business performance of small and medium enterprises and entrepreneurs - SME. The aim of this paper is to identify critical factors from the external environment which have a crucial influence on the operations of SME and to explore influence of the development of this sector on Serbian economy. The paper also analyzes internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) faced by companies in Serbia. Taking into account, the effect of the identified exogenous and endogenous factors on the company's business, the authors propose some solutions for the improvement of the SME sector. Key elements of the model are based on adequate and proper diagnosis of the problem, respecting the elements of strategic thinking and quality implementation of defined strategic decisions.

Research on scholarships holders who studied abroad and returned to Serbia

Knowledge has become the most valuable resource of the new era and the resource of the future. The intention of this study is to improve knowledge about the problem of migration of educated people from Serbia from the perspective of scholarship holders who, after being abroad, returned to their country. The aim of this research is to show the profile of the scholarship holders of post-academic and post-graduate students, who studied abroad and then returned to Serbia. Their motives for departure and return, as well as their perception of integration into the work environment in Serbia and utilization of their knowledge is presented. Methods: For the purpose of this research a questionnaire was constructed which was distributed online. Collected data were analysed using statistical tools. Results: This research has shown that the primary motive for education abroad is the desire for personal development. It has also been shown that an important factor for the return of students from abroad is their expectation of comparative advantage in the labour market and their belief of getting a desired job. Apart from this, it is shown that the scholarship holders only partially used the acquired knowledge and thus, do not have enough influence in the development of their organizations.Conclusion: The main research contribution is reflected in the improvement of the knowledge about the motivation of scholars to return from developed countries and highlighted problems which scholarship holders have after returning.Implications and research limitation: the results obtained can be generalised to countries that are passing or have recently moved a transition, and are similar in cultural characteristics. The present contains certain limitations that must be taken into account while interpreting final results. The most significant constraint is the sample size, but the obtained results, especially the motives of the scientific experts for a return to the country, are extremely important and can be considered the starting basis for further research.