Environment-friendly Corrosion Inhibitor Research Articles

Upgrading of the biomass-derived platform compound 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to high-value chemicals: an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor

An in vivo experiment using a mouse model suggested that the toxicity of this corrosion inhibitor is comparable to that of NaCl.

Evaluation of the efficiency of coconut dust extract as a corrosion inhibitor for steel reinforcement in concrete by mass spectrometry

Ethanol extraction was employed to isolate a range of compounds from waste products derived from coconut fiber production (coconut dust) in Ben Tre, Vietnam. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, polyphenols, saponins, alkaloids, flobatannins, and anthraquinones among the extracted substances. FT-IR spectroscopy analysis supported the identification of oxygen and nitrogen atoms within functional groups (e.g., O–H, N–H, C–O) and aromatic rings, characteristic of typical corrosion inhibitors. Mass spectrometry investigations indicated that when St3 steel was exposed to an alkaline solution lacking chlorides, a passive film composed of FeOOH formed on the surface. However, upon the addition of NaCl at a concentration of 1.00 mol/dm3, FeCl, FeCl2Cl–, and FeCl3Cl– compounds were detected across the analyzed surface, while peaks corresponding to FeOO– were absent. Remarkably, areas with the highest concentration of particles corresponded to regions exhibiting visible corrosion damage under magnification. The addition of 2.00 g/dm3 of coconut dust extract to the chloride solution prevents the formation of Fe and Cl compounds on the steel surface. Consequently, only peaks characteristic of FeOO– and organic fragments containing oxygen atoms from the extract were observed. Based on these results, it can be assumed that coconut dust extract has the potential to inhibit local (pitting) corrosion of low-carbon steel (St3) when exposed to aqueous alkaline solutions simulating concrete pore liquid containing chlorides. The addition of 2.00 g/dm3 of the extract has been shown to prevent pitting formation at a chloride concentration of 1.00 mol/dm3. Conversely, in the absence of the extract, visible local corrosion damage was observed upon magnification. These findings provide a basis for further exploration of the protective properties of coconut dust extract as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in concrete environments containing chlorides.

Electrochemical and DFT studies of Terminalia bellerica fruit extract as an eco-friendly inhibitor for the corrosion of steel

It is well known that metal corrosion causes serious economy losses worldwide. One of the most effective ways to prevent corrosion is the continuous development of high-efficient and environment-friendly corrosion inhibitors. Among the widely used organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors, plant extracts are top candidates due to their nontoxic nature. The present study reports a novel application of the methanolic extract of Terminalia bellerica fruits as an environment friendly corrosion inhibitor for steel in sulphuric acid medium. The phytochemicals of the extract, namely Ellagic, Gallic, and Malic acids, play a key role of the anti-corrosive behavior of the extract. The corrosion prevention activity was studied on the steel in 1 M H2SO4 using a variety of approaches including weight loss analysis (WL), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), density functional theory (DFT), natural bond orbital analysis (NBO), Fukui function and Monte Carlo simulations (MC). In 1 M H2SO4 solution, the maximum electrochemical inhibition efficiency of 91.79% was observed at 4000 mg/L concentration of the extract. The NBO analysis showed that the charge density of the double bonds and the oxygen atoms of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups of the phytochemicals lies on the top of the natural bond orbitals which promotes the anticorrosive properties of the investigated inhibitors. The surface coverage of steel was validated by SEM measurements. According to DFT studies, numerous nucleophilic regions were present in the active phytochemical constituents of the inhibitor, demonstrating their favorable nucleophilicity. The computed electronic structure of the phytochemicals revealed band gaps of 4.813, 5.444, and 7.562 eV for Ellagic, Gallic, and Malic acids respectively suggesting effective metal-inhibitor interactions. A good correlation between experimental and theoretical findings was addressed.

Investigating the use of Moringa Oleifera leaf extract as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for API 5L X52 steel in 1 M HCl

This work studied the potential of using moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOLE) as an eco-friendly inhibitor for API 5L X52 steel in acidic media at 0.1 g/L–0.5 g/L concentration and 25 °C–60 °C. The study also evaluated the impact of adding potassium iodide (KI) to the corrosion-inhibiting properties of MOLE. Results from electrochemical testing showed that MOLE exhibited a high inhibition efficacy of 99% at 0.5 g/L concentration and 60 °C. The findings indicated that MOLE functions as a mixed-type corrosion inhibitor. Its efficiency increases with higher inhibitor concentrations following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and it is physically adsorbed on the steel surface. FT-IR spectra analysis revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, saturated, and unsaturated aliphatic functionalities in the MOLE. The decreased absorption intensity in UV–vis spectra after 2 and 4 h of corrosive acid environment exposure indicates that MOLE was well adsorbed onto the metal surface. Hence, adding KI to the MOLE-containing samples enhanced the inhibitor's adsorption. The SEM-EDX observations supported the findings from electrochemical characterization and confirmed MOLE’s high inhibition performance. Hence, this study suggests that MOLE has promising potential as a green corrosion inhibitor for the API 5L X52 steel in acidic media.

Insight into the corrosion inhibition performance of Jasmine flower extract on copper in sulfuric acid medium using experimental and theoretical calculation methods

BackgroundCopper is widely used in all areas of society, but it is easy to be corroded in corrosive media, which causes certain economic losses. Among many anti-corrosion methods, adding corrosion inhibitors is an efficient, convenient and common method. However, there are some shortcomings in traditional corrosion inhibitors, so it is urgent to develop an efficient corrosion inhibitor with no toxicity and low cost as well as no harm to the environment. MethodsThe corrosion performance of Jasmine flower extract (JFE) for copper in 0.5 mol/L sulfuric acid medium was studied by electrochemical test, and the microstructure and chemical composition of copper surface were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The interaction mechanism between corrosion inhibitor molecules and copper was analyzed based on theoretical calculation. Significant findingsThe results show that JFE is an efficient and environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor. In a certain temperature range (298 ∼ 308 K), when the concentration of JFE is 500 mg/L, the corrosion inhibition efficiency (η) is not less than 94.0%. According to Langmuir adsorption model, the JFE adsorbs on the copper surface as a mixed type of inhibitor.

Honeysuckle extract as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for copper in sulfuric acid medium

Corrosion protection of metals has been a key research field for researchers. Many researchers in the field of corrosion protection have devoted themselves to finding non-polluting corrosion inhibitors. A convenient and inexpensive method was used to extract honeysuckle using water as a solvent to obtain honeysuckle extract (HE). Here, we measured the anticorrosive effect of honeysuckle extract (HE) on Cu in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 using various experimental methods and combined with a theoretical approach. The experimental results indicate that the maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency (η) of HE for Cu was close to 90%, and the value of η remained a steady state at different temperatures. The data fit revealed that HE is a hybrid corrosion inhibitor. The functional groups and chemical composition of HE as well as the surface of the HE-soaked copper samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to test the chemical state, chemical bonding, and other information on the copper surface. To observe the micromorphology of the acid-corroded Cu surface and the Cu surface under HE protection, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to compare and analyze three-dimensional morphological images and roughness information of Cu surfaces. Finally, quantum chemical calculations were used to perform theoretical calculations of the active ingredients in HE, using molecular dynamics simulations to model their adsorption behavior.

Conifer Cone (Pinus resinosa) as a Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Steel Rebar in Chloride-Contaminated Synthetic Concrete Pore Solutions.

The present study has been focused on the environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor. Conifer cone (Pinus resinosa) has been used as a novel corrosion inhibitor to mitigate the corrosion of steel rebars in simulated concrete pore solutions (SCPS) in the presence and absence of chloride ions. The corrosion inhibitor is extracted by simple chemical methods. The functional groups present in the extracted conifer cone (ECC) powder are characterized as well as the surface morphology of ECC has been examined. The corrosion inhibition performance has been evaluated by the electrochemical and weight loss methods. The experimental results indicate that ECC possesses a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 81.2% at a dosage of 1000 mg·L-1, after 720 h of immersion in chloride-contaminated SCPS. Adsorption isotherm and their standard Gibbs free energy (ΔGads0) values are calculated by Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm methods, and the results indicate that the ECC is initially adsorbed on the steel rebar surface by physisorption and then it turns to chemisorption. The steel rebar surfaces have been characterized after exposure to the ECC containing SCPS, and the results indicate that the ECC containing cationic adsorbate molecules, which interact with steel rebar, leads to retardation of metal dissolution in corrosive chloride medium.

Gravimetric, electrochemical, and morphological studies of an isoxazole derivative as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1M HCl

In present study, an isoxazole derivative, namely, (Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-one referred here as (IOD) has been studied as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in acidic medium (1 M HCl). The present work was investigated by gravimetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the surface morphologies of the MS surface with and without IOD in the acid medium. The inhibition efficiency (I.E.) of IOD was increased by rising its concentration attaining maximum value (96.6%) at 300 ppm at 30 °C and decreases with increasing temperature from 30 °C to 60 °C. The adsorption of studied inhibitor followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The PDP study revealed that the IOD acts as a mixed-type inhibitor with predominating anodic effect. The EIS study confirmed that increasing IOD concentration enhances the charge transfer resistance (Rct) and then reduces the double layer capacitance (Cdl) owing to the development of a protective layer on the MS surface.

Comparison of corrosion resistance of MgAl-LDH and ZnAl-LDH films intercalated with organic anions ASP on AZ31 Mg alloys

Abstract The aspartic acid (ASP), an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor, was explored to intercalate into the ZnAl-layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-LDH) and MgAl-LDH coatings on AZ31 magnesium alloys by a facile one-step hydrothermal method. The morphology, composition, structure and corrosion resistance of the prepared coatings were comparatively investigated. It is found that the uniform and dense layered nanosheet (NS) vertically grows on the substrate, and the MgAl−ASP-LDH films exhibit a three-dimensional (3D) rose-like sheet structure with high ratio of pore coverage. The MgAl−ASP-LDH coating exhibits better corrosion resistance and durability of longtime immersion than ZnAl−ASP-LDH coating. The corrosion current density of two coatings is two or three orders of magnitude lower than that of bare Mg alloy, indicating that ZnAl/MgAl-LDH films intercalated with organic ASP anions can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of Mg alloy.

A feasible method to improve the protection ability of metal by functionalized carbon dots as environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor

A green inhibitor of N-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) was obtained from the reaction between citric acid and L-histidine. Then, a series of professional equipment was selected to evaluate their structure and corrosion protective behaviors in HCl solution. Quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics were chosen to discuss the inhibition mechanism of N-CDs. Electrochemical results showed that the N-CDs exhibited super corrosion protection to metal because it could form dense and ordered adsorption film on metal surface. Compared with citric acid and L-histidine inhibitors, the inhibition efficiency of N-CDs was more than 90% at 100 mg L−1. Based on the calculation of quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics, the low energy gap (ΔE = 0.0680 eV) and high binding energy (Ebinding = 190.85 kJ⋅mol−1) of N-CDs indicated the strong chemisorption on metal substrate, which fully explained the inhibition mechanism of N-CDs at molecular/atomic level.

Investigation of Ascorbic Acid as Environment-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitor of Low Carbon Steel in Marine Environment

The inhibition effect of ascorbic acid against the corrosion of low carbon steel in the marine environment which is represented by NaCl 3.5% solution was studied by weight loss method. The investigations were conducted at the various concentrations of ascorbic acid and immersion time. The effect of ascorbic acid concentration and immersion time on the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency were measured. The corrosion rate was calculated by the weight loss of the sample at initial and after immersion in the corrosive medium. The results showed that the ascorbic acid exhibit good corrosion inhibitor for low carbon steel in NaCl 3.5% solution. The rate of corrosion decreased with the increase of ascorbic acid concentration and immersion time. The efficiency inhibition of ascorbic acid on low carbon steel corrosion in NaCl 3.5% increase with the rise of concentration and immersion time, which is the maximum of 85.4% at 50 ppm and 15 days immersion time. The action of inhibition is attributed to the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the low carbon steel surface following Langmuir adsorption isotherm.

Phosphorylated xanthan gum, an environment-friendly, efficient inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in aqueous 200 ppm NaCl

Abstract Xanthan gum (XG), a high molecular weight microbial polysaccharide with cellulosic backbone was produced in nature by the bacterium, xanthomonas campestris. XG is enriched with labile hydroxyl groups, which make it a potential molecule as corrosion inhibitor. In the present study an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor has been developed using chemically modified xanthan gum. Phosphorylated xanthan gum (PXG) has been synthesized by simple addition of phosphate groups on the xanthan gum backbone. By virtue of this chemical modification XG has acquired an increased ability of forming complexes with metal ions mainly with ferrous or ferric ions. The ability of Phosphorylated xanthan gum (PXG) in combating the mild steel corrosion in 200 ppm NaCl corrosive environment was examined using gravimetric studies and electrochemical studies. The morphology of the corroded and inhibited mild steel specimens and the analytical studies of the film formed on mild specimens were carried out using SEM-EDX, XPS and XRD studies. From EIS measurements it was inferred that a maximum inhibition efficiency of about 92.54 % could be achieved in the presence of 150 ppm PXG as inhibitor. Potentiodynamic polarization studies revealed that phosphorylated xanthan gum affects and minimizes both the anodic and cathodic processes of the corrosion of the studied specimens in their respective environments, which means that PXG functions as mixed type inhibitor. More or less identical results were obtained from weight-loss, potentiodynamic polarization studies and EIS studies. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies revealed that in presence of PXG the mild steel surface is less corroded when compared with control. The surface has retained the smoothness when compared with the control. The corresponding EDX spectrum showed the presence of phosphorus peak in presence of inhibitor along with carbon, oxygen and iron peaks. XPS studies inferred that the PXG molecules are the major constituents of the superficial film which was generated on the surface during the course of corrosion inhibition. The present work successfully demonstrated the effectiveness of phosphorylated xanthan gum (PXG) in minimizing the mild steel corrosion in the studied environment of 200 ppm NaCl.

Sunflower seed hull extract as a novel green corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution

In this work, an attempt is made to study the effects of sunflower seed hull extract as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for plain carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution. The results of the FTIR and GC analyses revealed that the sunflower seed hull extract contains compounds containing oxygen and nitrogen heteroatoms and the aromatic loops, which can be used as a useful organic corrosion inhibitor in acidic media. The inhibition efficiency was calculated using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and dynamic polarization. It was seen that this characterization is about 98% in the presence of 400 ppm of inhibitor. The inhibition mechanism was absorption on the metal surface and its adsorption was followed by Langmuir adsorption isotherm. For more accurate analysis, thermodynamic parameters were also calculated and analyzed. UV–vis analysis confirmed the formation of a complex on the surface between the functional groups of the utilized inhibitor and ions of the metal. The complex formed on the metal surface occupies a large area. Consequently, by blocking the surface of metal from the corrosive agents, the charge and ion transfer at the metal surface is reduced. Thus, the corrosion resistance improves.

Using methionine as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for copper–nickel alloy in a chloride solution

Using methionine as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for copper–nickel alloy in a chloride solution

Polyaspartic acid as a corrosion inhibitor for WE43 magnesium alloy

Abstract The inhibition behavior of polyaspartic acid (PASP) as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for WE43 magnesium alloy was investigated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution by means for EIS measurement, potentiodynamic polarization curve, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that PASP can inhibit the corrosion of WE43 magnesium alloy. The maximum inhibition efficiency is achieved when PASP concentration is 400 ppm in this study.

Water-based acrylic copolymer as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor onto carbon steel in 1 M H2SO4 in static and dynamic conditions

AbstractBackgroundThe green corrosion inhibitors serve recently as a source of environmental friendly materials in the corrosive media. In present study, corrosion inhibitive performance of a new environment-friendly acrylic copolymer (methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/acrylic acid) on the mild steel in 1 M H2SO4solution in the quiescence and hydrodynamic conditions was investigated.MethodsCorrosion studies was performed by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), quantum chemical calculations, optical microscopy and rotating disk electrode (RDE) techniques.ResultsPolarization experiment showed that the inhibition efficiency increased with increasing the inhibitor concentration and the inhibitor acted as mixed–type controls predominantly cathodic reaction in whole conditions. The thermodynamic calculations showed that the inhibitor obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The increase in the inhibitor concentration and immersion time had a positive effect on inhibition efficiency while temperature had a negative effect. In the hydrodynamic conditions in 600 ppm (optimum inhibitor concentration), the most efficiency was at 1500 rpm rotation speed which was attributed to the enhance mass transfer of inhibitor to the metal surface and then decreased through the high shear stress. Theoretical Density function theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the unshared pairs of electrons on oxygen atoms in functional groups such as OH, C=O and also π electrons in double bonds in structures of three monomers are suitable centers to adsorb. Finally, optical images showed that the presence of inhibitor decreased the corrosion attack sites on the surface.ConclusionsAcrylic copolymer (methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate/acrylic acid was synthesized and it is suitable inhibitor for mild steel in 1M H2SO4solution in static conditions and increasing its concentration increases its inhibition efficiency.

A new insight into resource recovery of excess sewage sludge: Feasibility of extracting mixed amino acids as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for industrial pickling

The work mainly presented a laboratory-scale investigation on an effective process to extract a value-added product from municipal excess sludge. The functional groups in the hydrolysate were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and the contained amino acids were measured by means of an automatic amino acid analyzer. The corrosion-inhibition characteristics of the hydrolysate were determined with weight-loss measurement, electrochemical polarization and scanning electron microscopy. Results indicated that the hydrolysate contained 15 kinds of amino acid, and their adsorption on the surface could effectively inhibit the corrosion reaction of the steel from the acid medium. Polarization curves indicated that the obtained hydrolysate was a mixed-type inhibitor, but mainly restricted metal dissolution on the anode. The adsorption accorded well with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, involved an increase in entropy, and was a spontaneous, exothermic process.

Preparation and Performance Research of the Environment-Friendly Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor

A new non-phosphorus composite water treatment agent m (PASP) : m (PESA) : m (HPMA) : m (BTA) = 8:12:10:5 was developed from polyaspartic acid (PASP), polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA), hydrolyzed polymaleic anhydride (HPMA) and benzotriazole (BTA). The performance of corrosion and scale inhibition were evaluated by rotary hanging-piece, electrochemical and bubble experiments. The corrosion testing piece was characterized by SEM. The results show that the new environment-friendly composite water treatment agent has good performance of corrosion and scale inhibition. Further dynamic simulated test also indicates that the water treatment agent meet the use demand of circulating cooling water.

Inhibitive Effect of the Self-assembled Monolayers of Dithiocarbamate Modified Glucose on Copper Surface

Dithiocarbamate modified glucose(DTCG),an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor,has been synthesized.Corrosion inhibition effect of DTCG self-assembled monolayers(SAMs) formed on copper surface was measured in 3%NaCl solution using electrochemical impedance and polarization curve methods.The results indicate that DTCG SAM has good corrosion inhibition effect for copper and its inhibition efficiency can be close to 97% after self-assembling in 120 mg/L DTCG for 4 h.Quantum chemical calculations also show that DTCG possesses excellent anticorrosion performance.

2-Hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for AZ91D magnesium alloy

The inhibition behavior of 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-acetophenone (paeonol) as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for AZ91D magnesium alloy was investigated in 0.05wt.% NaCl solution by means of polarization curve, AC impedance, weight loss measurement, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet analysis, and computer molecular simulation. The results show that paeonol can inhibit the corrosion of AZ91D. The maximum inhibition efficiency is achieved when paeonol concentration is 50ppm by weight in this study. It is proposed that paeonol chelates with Mg to form a paeonol-Mg complex mixing with the original Mg(OH)2 film on the surface to inhibit the anodic dissolution of AZ91D.