Enviromental Factors Research Articles

Effect of the Change of Enviromental Factors (Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall) to Evaporation and Runoff Phenomenon

Effect of the Change of Enviromental Factors (Temperature, Humidity and Rainfall) to Evaporation and Runoff Phenomenon

STATURAL GROWTH OF CHILEAN SCHOOL CHILEREN

Enviromental and genetic factors are involves in the growth of the human being. It is importante to compare of a population with tables of countries with optimal enviromental factors and with a maximal expression of genetic potential of growth. It seems specially important if from these comparisons programs arise that improve enviromental factors (nutrition, physical activities, education). Genetic factors could differ from one country to another, specially as consequence of ethnic differences. We are interested in knowing growth of school Chilean children, and their differences according to sex and socioeconomic level (SEL) in order to build up national tales. A sample of 6140 school age children of Great Santiago Area of Chile was obtained. It was representative of 6 to 16 years old males and 6 to 14 years old females. The school age children of Great Santiago Area represent around 45% of the total school children of Chile. Stature was always measured by the same 2 investigators. SEL was evaluated according to a modified Graffar scale obtained through a questionative to the parents. Significants differences in percentiles and averages of stature of our children, compared with NCHS (WHO) tables, were found. These differences were due to a fall in groups channels in our children and is maintained through out different ages. A difference in stature according to SEL was found, being lower for SEL. However, these differences are greater in females than in males; this is similar to previous research in our group that found stature sexual dimorphism due to an earlier pubertal initiation in females of lower SEL compared with females of higher levels.

Numerical Simulation of Soil-Plant-Air System

A new numerial model of plant system (leaf-stem-root) has been developed for investigating the complicated bio-meteoro-hydrological process. This model considers the following points, 1) the water movement in plants, that is, water uptake by root, transport through stem, and transpiration from leaves, 2) the energy budget within canopy, 3) the photosynthesis process, and 4) the momentum sink by plant leaves. Using this model, we calculated the response characteristics of transpiration and phtosynthesis to some enviromental factors (insolation, wind speed, humidity deficit and soil water content). The results explain the essential characteristics of experimental data.

Analysing yield stability of maize genotypes using a spatial model

The yield stability of some CIMMYT tropical maize (Zea mays L.) populations of early and intermediate maturity, measured by the performance of varieties derived from them, was determined. Results of the stability analyses, conducted over international environments from 1980 to 1983, indicated that selections from Mezcla Amarilla exhibited good stability in high yielding sites. Varieties derived from Antigua-Republica Dominicana tended to be more stable in unfavourable environments, whereas selections from Blanco Cristalino-1 and Blanco Dentado-2 were stable in both low and high production sites. The combination of enviromental factors in the specific test locations, namely Poza Rica (Mexico), Tocumen (Panama), Islamabad (Pakistan), and Ferkessedougou (Ivory Coast), allowed selection of varieties that are very stable in other regions of the world. The varieties formed on the basis of multilocational data do not seem to be any more stable than those formed using data from a single location.

大規模宅地造成工事に伴う環境影響評価の実施例

This article points out a case study about the enviromental impact assessment of a large scaled development for residential district. First of all, we report the outline of the development for the plan of residential district. Secondly, we select several enviromental factors in order to predict and evaluate the infuenced by developping the area. We would like to introduce about two of them. ie. one is road traffic noise, the other is about air polution.

Investigation of the enviromental factors affecting the appearance of wet wood in Todomatsu (Abies sachalinensis MAST.) (II) : Relationship between the distribution of wet wood and soil condition in seed orchards

Investigation of the enviromental factors affecting the appearance of wet wood in Todomatsu (Abies sachalinensis MAST.) (II) : Relationship between the distribution of wet wood and soil condition in seed orchards

Computer Models and Images of the Cutaneous Surface

This article describes how computer models of the skin can be used to obtain objective information about surface-altering events. Although alterations produced by various forms of therapy are being emphasized, more needs to be known about alterations produced by aging, environmental factors, and disease. The term "automated optical surfometry" has been applied to the method described in this chapter. (The term "optical profilometry" has also been used. Because this designation was applied at an earlier time to a method that is entirely different, the use of the word "optical surfometry" appears to be preferable as well as more accurate). Space limitations made it possible to allude only briefly to some of the other techniques that are being used to learn more about the configuration and dynamics of the surface of the skin. The development of imaging and modeling methods for topographic studies of the skin owe their origins in large measure to the advent of inexpensive computer technology.

1573 REGRESSION OF CONGENITAL MURINE POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE (PKD) IN METANEPHRIC ORGAN CULTURE (MOC)

A form of autosomal recessive PKD naturally occurs in the mutant CPK strain of C57BL/6J mice. In order to examine the role of enviromental factors in the expression of genetically determined PKD, the organogenesis of CPK kidneys was studied in our previously described MOC system (In Vitro 18:675, 1982). In this system, advanced murine nephrogenesis occurs in a serum-free, completely controlled biochemical environment. Newborn kidneys from controls (CON) and CPK mice were microsliced into 100 μm explants and cultured in Ham's F-12: DMEM supplemented with insulin (8 × 10−7 M), T3 (2 × 10−9M), transferrin (6 × 10−8 M), PGE1(7 × 10−8 M), and Na2SeO3 (7 × 10−9 M) at 36 ± 0.5°C in mixed air:5% CO2. During 120 hours of culture:1) CON explants increased in size and demonstrated advanced tubular differentiation; and 2) CPK explants, which initially exhibited prominent proximal tubular dilatation and cyst formation, demonstrated total cyst regression in addition to overall growth and differentiation similar to CON. We conclude that in the CPK animal model of PKD: 1) early changes of proximal tubular cyst formation are totally reversible in vitro; and therefore that 2) genetically determined cyst formation can be modified by environmental factors. MOC of CPK kidneys provides a controlled experimental system in which the enviromental factors modulating cystic organogenesis may be isolated and further characterized.

Effect of enviromental factors on reactivation of HSV-2 in vitro

Effect of enviromental factors on reactivation of latent HSV are investigated using in vitro models reported by Y. Nishiyama (1981) with slight modifications. U. V. - irradiated herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 strain 169 and Flow 2000 as human embryonic lung cells were employed through this study. Latent HSV-2 were reactivated by temperature shift-down from nonpermissive temperature,40.5°C, to permissive temperature, 36.5°C. Substances which would be absorbed by the human body in daily life were tested as enviromental factors. Reactivation of virus was estimated by observing cells for the cytopathic effect. The factors were divided into the following three classes: Group A: reactivate HSV-2 from latent state, Group B: enhance the reactivation of HSV-2 which was induced by some reactivator, Group C: inhibit the reactivation of HSV-2. From tests so far, some edible dyes such as amaranth and erythrosine were classified as C and nicotine was classified as B. None were classified as A.

Influence of enviromental factors on onset of diabetes Mellitus (II): Studies with nicotine in prediabetic mice.

Some enviromental substances to which we are exposed in everyday life are involved in the onset of chronic disease. This study was performed to clarify whether nicotine plays a role in the development of diabetes mellitus(DM). We used mice in two phases of DM. Prediabetic mice (SZ mice) induced by streptozoto-cin(SZ) at a subdiabetogenic dose(50 mg/kg, iv) had normal blood glucose levels(BGL) and impared glucose tolerance (IGT). Supre-diabetic mice (CP-44) induced by the infection with a pancreatropic variant of Venezuelan encephalitis (VE) virus, CP-44, had normal BGL and diminished insulin release(DIR) in GTT. Nicotine administration was performed by 2 routes: ip (0.03-0.4 mg/kg/day) and po, ad libitum (ab. 10 and 42 mg/kg/day). In ip-groups, prediabetic SZ mice (ICR) showed significantly high BGL at 0.1 mg of nicotine for 1 month;but 6 months later, SZ mice administered nicotine at the dose of 0.4 mg/kg/day recovered. Supredi a bet ic CP-44 mice (ICR) showed significantly high BGL at 0.1 mg of nicotine for 1 month and recovered at higher doses of nicotine by 6 months. In po-groups in which C D F -j mice were used, all SZ mice administered nicotine showed significantly higher BGL. CP-44 mice showed significantly higher BGL, regardless of nicotine administration. The pathology and other biochemical alterations are under the study.

Frequenza di cellule con « DNA puffs » nel sospensore di Phaseolus coccineus in momenti diversi dello sviluppo embrionale

Abstract Morphological aspects of Phaseolus coccineus suspensor cells at different periods of embryo development. — Embryo suspensor cells of Phaseolus coccineus have been analysed at different periods of seed and embryo development in field-grown plants and the frequency of cells involved in « DNA puffs » formation has been determined. The collected data show that: a) the relation between seed development and embryo development is not constant at different times in the season (from July to November); b) the frequency of cells showing « DNA puffs » is influenced by the above ratio. This fact seems to indicate that embryos of comparable developmental stages (as estimated by cotyledon length) show different metabolic patterns in relation to seed development and enviromental factors.

PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC FEATURES OF MATURITY-ONSET, OBESE TYPE DIABETES MELLITUS

It is generally believed that enviromental factors including obesity may contribute to the predominance of certain features of the diabetic syndromes. An attempt was made, therefore, to determine some characteristics of maturity-onset, obese type diabetes in our diabetes clinic.The thirty two cases (33.7%) of randomly selected 98 patients with diabetes mellitus were obese type (more than + 20% overweight). The incidence of obese type which was designed as more than + 10% overweight was approximately 60%. The relative rates of abnormal findings on the electrocardiogram, hyperternsion and hyperlipemia were greater in obese type than in non-obese type, while no significant differences between two groups were observed in the incidence of diabetic retinopathy, albuminuria and abnormal knee jerk. The patients with diabetes showed a significantly low serum insulin levels 30 minutes after the oral glucose loading but similar levels of total insulin response in both obese and non-obese type compared to the normal controls, in despite of impaired glucose tolerance.These observations suggest that the duration of diabetes or control of blood glucose may be more important determinant in inducing diabetic microangiopathy rather than the degree of obesity. In contrast, the incidence of macroangiopathy and hyperlipemia appeared to be related, at least in part, to the degree of obesity which might lead to the peripheral insulin resistance.

ATATÜRK ÜNiVERSiTESi MORKARAMAN SÜRÜSÜNDE YAPAĞI VE SÜT VERiMi ÖZELLiKLERiNiN FENOTipiK VE GENETiK PARAMETRE TAHMiNLERİ

OZET Bu arastirmada Ataturk Universitesi Ziraat Fakultesi Isletmesinde yetistirilen ergin Morkaraman koyunlarinm dort yillik yapagi verimi ve. ozellikleri ile uc yillik sut verimi ve ozelliklerine tesir eden yil. yas ve yil X yas interaksiyonu gibi cevre faktorleri en Kucukkareler Metoduna (Least-Squares Procedure) gore anaHz edilmis, variyasyon kaynaklarinin kareler ortammalarina ait beklenen degerlerindeki variyans unsurlan ise yine Tam En Kucuk-Kareler teknigine dayanan metodlarla tahmin edilmistir. GENETic AND PHENOTYPIC PARAMETERS FOR FLEECE AND MilK CHARACTERisTicS iN ATATURK UNiVERSiTY MORKARAMAN FLOCK 1. ESTiMATES OF PHENOTYPIC PARAMETERS. SUMMARY The effect of same' important enviromental factors on fl·eece characteristics, body weight at shearing and the traits characterizing lactation mil k yield of mature Morkararnan ewes raised in Ataturk University far,m in Erzurum t;ave been estimatedl. There have heen used 670 {for 4 years), 591 (for 3 years) and 583 (for 3 years) production records respective Jy. The main purpose of this study was to determine the possibility of Morkararnan sheep improvement th~ough selectian The effects of year, age and year x age interaction on production traits'were analysed by the met had of least-squares presented by Harvey (1960). In addition, covariance analyses were used to eli minate the effects of individual pe riod alfferences on total milk yi~ Id. maximum daily milk yield, ar. verage daily mlik yielo, butter fat yield and to test the significance ofthese environmental factorso The variance components due to enviromental factors were ,estimated by the complate least-squares analyses. The least-squares means of greasy fleece weight, clean fleece weight, staple lenght, body 'Neight at shearing. total milk yield, maximum daily milk yield, averaga daily milk yield. butter fat yield and milking period of mature (2-6 years old) Markaraman. ewes were 1428:::22 g; 984± 16 g 117=1.3 g; 53.6 ±3.1 Kg; 79354 ,± 1698 ml; 1072 ± 18 'ml; 560 ±9 ml; 4067 ± 112 g and 140 ± 1.4 days respectively Mqrkaraman ewes generally yielded less than the other native sheep breeds for aLi the studied production traits, except body weight at shearing A noticeable phetlOtypic variation. esp~cially in the milk yield traits was ,observed. Non-signffjcant environmental factors were found on greasy fleece weight and clean 'fleece weight, The effects of years on total milk Yield, average daily milk yield were sigr:ificant (p:! < .05) but not on stapile length. butter fat yield and milking period were highly significant (p < .01). Age had significant effect (p< .05) on staple lenght and highly significant (p<.01) effect on butter fat yield. While the effect of age x year interaction on total mill... yield was significant (p <·05), but not on body weight at shearing average dally mlik yield and maximum dailY milk yield was highly sigJlificant (p < .01). The part due to the effects of environmefltal factors was 9 per cent in staple length, 17 per cent in body weight at shearing, 17 per cent in total milk yield, 14 per cent in maximum daily milk yield, 24 per cent in average daily milk yield, 16 per cent in butter fa.t yield and 45 per cent in milk· ing period. It was detei mined by the covariance analyses that the effect due to environmental fac· tors on total milk yield, maximum daily milk yield, averag~ daily milk yield and butter fat yield Wer'e 37, 28, 52 and 27 per cent respectively. In the analyses o~ covariance, the environmental factors, i. e, years, ages and regression had highly significant (p < .01) effect on all the studied mi'!k characteristics. The least-squeres means by the covariance analyses for total milk yield, maximum daily miik 'yield, average .daily milk yield and butter fat yield were 79996 ± 5393; 1078±69; 560:±46 and 4110 ± 327 respectively

Lipidemia—A Multigeneration Predictability Study†

This study involved a 1st generation of 194 aged residents at the Philadelphia Geriatric Center plus 2nd and 3rd generations of 357 and 306 offspring, respectively. Serum cholesterol levels (including type of abnormality) and triglyceride levels were determined. The results suggest that hyperlipidemia at all ages is related to a familial genetic problem. The data on each generation, starting even with the 80-year-old parents, could be used to predict lipid abnormalities in each succeeding generations. However, when comparing the 1st generation with the 3rd generation, predictability was lacking, probably because of the inclusion of two sets of spouses and many enviromental factors that altered the situation. In the 2nd generation, 40 per cent of the subjects had an elevated lipid level compared to 30 per cent in the 1st and 3rd generations. The higher concentrations in the 2nd generation probably reflected increased risk factors such as improper diets, smoking, hypertension, obesity and stress at that age level. Hyperlipidemia in the aged apparently is not just a metabolic degenerative abnormality. It should be treated, as in younger people. Data on risk factors such as a high blood lipid level may help not only the aged, but succeeding generations.

A family study of coeliac disease.

Studies by Thompson, 1 Carter et al, 2 MacDonald et al. and McCrae 4 have all shown a high familial frequency of coeliac disease (CD). The diagnostic criteria differed in each study; in Thompson's patients the diagnosis was based on clinical or historical data alone; in Carter's study response to a gluten-free diet was required, while in MacDonald's and McCrae's studies the diagnostic criteria included the demonstration of the lesion of CD by small bowel biopsy. In MacDonald's study some asymptomatic cases were discovered and a few of these had normal fat balance results. No hereditary pattern emerged from these studies though MacDonald postulated a dominant gene with variable penetrance while McCrae suggested that susceptibility to CD is inhereited multifactorially and that enviromental factors other than dietary gluten are of aetiological importance. Hoffman et al. 5, on the other hand, have described discordance for CD in identical twins.

Effect of Aeration on the Cell Cycle inAlliumRoots

SUMMARYOnion root meristems are a frequently used material for the study of cell cycle and the effects of several treatments. For such works as many enviromental factors (light, temperature, aeration,…) as possible must be controlled.In this paper we studied the effect of aeration at two different temperatures, 15°C and 25°C. In the experiments carried out at each temperature and with aeration we obtained very similar mitotic indices (about 13%).In bulbs whose roots were grown into nonaerated water, but renewed every day, we obtained different results: at 15°C the mitotic index was 12.4% and at 25°C the mitotic idex was 9.7%.By using a synchronous binucleate population, induced by 1-hour treatment of caffeine, we demonstrated the necessity for aeration. In the experiments at 15°C, the B-Interphase is 10% longer in the nonaerated roots, and we also observed a desynchronization of the binucleate population. In the experiments at 25°C the effects of non-aeration on the cell cycle were still more drastic. The synchronous binucleate populations were so desynchronized that the first wave of bimitosis could not be observed.Therefore, we can conclude that aeration plays a very important role in cell cycle, especially to preserve the synchrony of a labelled population and makes easier the obtainment of better steady-state conditions in root growth.

Malformation Syndrome : Interaction of the genetic and enviromental factors on the manifestation and formation of congenital malformations

Malformation Syndrome : Interaction of the genetic and enviromental factors on the manifestation and formation of congenital malformations

Embryo : pathological analysis of complicated malformations : Interaction of the genetic and enviromental factors on the manifestation and formation of congenital malformations

Embryo : pathological analysis of complicated malformations : Interaction of the genetic and enviromental factors on the manifestation and formation of congenital malformations

Etiological factors for the multiple birth defects : clinical observation in orthopaedic surgery : Interaction of the genetic and enviromental factors on the manifestation and formation of congenital malformations

Etiological factors for the multiple birth defects : clinical observation in orthopaedic surgery : Interaction of the genetic and enviromental factors on the manifestation and formation of congenital malformations

Interaction of genetic and environmental factors : general aspects : Interaction of the genetic and enviromental factors on the manifestation and formation of congenital malformations

Interaction of genetic and environmental factors : general aspects : Interaction of the genetic and enviromental factors on the manifestation and formation of congenital malformations