Entry Value Research Articles

A nuclear magnetic resonance based quantification of pore water distribution in unsaturated soils

This study presents a novel approach to quantify the distribution characteristics of pore water in unsaturated soil by using the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology. The SWCC and NMR T2 curves under different matric suction were measured during the drying process of soil specimen, and a conversion relationship between T2 and pore radius r of was determined. The method using capillary drainage model to simulate soil drying process was feasible, and pores of unsaturated soil were divided into saturated pore, unsaturated pore, and dry pore when the suction exceeded the air entry value. Pore water distribution curve based on T2 well described the distribution characteristics of pore water in unsaturated soil; the quantification of pore water distribution was realized through a defined index named pore water damage potential (Mcp), and a good mathematical relationship was observed between the relative damage degree and the matric suction. By introducing the Mcp, a modified VG model that reflected the characteristics of pore water distribution was in a good quantitative agreement with the experimental observations. The results achieved provided a valuable reference for revealing the internal mechanism of SWCC and establishing mechanical model of unsaturated soil based on pore water distribution.

Quasi-Shor Algorithms for Global Benchmarking of Universal Quantum Processors

This work generalizes Shor’s algorithm into quasi-Shor algorithms by replacing the modular exponentiation with alternative unitary operations. By using the quantum circuits to generate Bell states as the unitary operations, a specific example called the Bell–Shor algorithm was constructed. The system density matrices in the quantum circuits with four distinct input states were calculated in ideal conditions and illustrated through chromatic graphs to witness the evolution of quantum states in the quantum circuits. For the real part of the density matrices, it was revealed that the number of zero elements dramatically declined to only a few points after the operation of the inverse quantum Fourier transformation. Based on this property, a protocol constituting a pair of error metrics Γa and Γb is proposed for the global benchmarking of universal quantum processors by looking at the locations of the zero entries and normalized average values of non-zero entries. The protocol has polynomial resource requirements with the scale of the quantum processor. The Bell–Shor algorithm is capable of being a feasible setting for the global benchmarking of universal quantum processors.

Korelasi Air Entry Value (AEV) Dengan Kuat Geser Tanah Jenuh Sebagian

The characteristics of unsaturated soil seen from the Groundwater Characteristics Curve (SWCC). One of main variables determine the SWCC of soil are Air Entry Value (AEV). The AEV is the initial point of air entering the soil void. SWCC was obtained from the fitting of unsaturated soil model from Soil Vision. Although statistically a fitting model can match the point of laboratory result, the AEV resulted different point from the curve shaped by laboratory points. Therefore, this study aims to understand further the influence of AEV on unsaturated particularly on the change of soil share strength parameters. This studi used field investigation, a series of laboratory and numerical analysis to obtain Fredlund bimodal and Van Genutchen fitting model. Both models, then used to calculate the shear strength parameter (φ’, c’) change affected by different water content. On the other hand, the AEV consider as the major aspect on the calculation. The result shows that Van Genutchen model demonstrated the higher similarity with the laboratory test shear strength test comparing to Fredlund Bmodal’s. for silt sand oil in this study. This study is applicable for back filled and landslide case.

Water Retention Curve of Biocemented Sands Using MIP Results

Biocementation is a soil treatment technique wherein bacteria living in soil pores promote the precipitation of calcium carbonate. One of the most recent applications of this treatment is to provide resistance against the erosion of slopes by creating a resistant cover but still allowing infiltration to avoid water runoff. For modeling infiltration, it is fundamental to know the water retention curve of the treated material. This may not be an easy task because the soils most suitable for biocementation treatment are sands, due to their large pore sizes and consequent high permeability. The water retention curves (WRCs) of such types of soil are characterized for having a very small air entry value, followed by an almost-horizontal zone, which cannot be measured by using the vapor equilibrium, most of the existing sensors, or a water dewpoint potentiometer. Data from mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) tests can be used as an alternative to find the WRC, and this is explored in this paper. The model for the water retention curve presented considers the deformability of the soil during the MIP test, assuming an isotropic elastic behavior. The WRC derived from the MIP tests is well-fitted to the points measured by using a water dewpoint psychrometer (only for suctions above 1 MPa) and vapor equilibrium.

Influence of Saline Pore Fluid on Soil Behavior during Evaporation

Saline conditions govern soil behavior during evaporation, thereby affecting the water budget in semi-arid regions. This research examined the effects of saline pore fluid on soil behavior during evaporation. The results indicated volumetric reductions of about 5% for silty sand and about 15% for lean clay. The evaporative flux for silty sand decreased from 26 mg/m2∙s to 22 mg/m2∙s in StageII, remained at a constant flux in StageIII, and decreased to 13 mg/m2∙s in StageIV. The air entry and residual suction values were found to be 5 kPa and 100 kPa, respectively, and the total suction of about 5000 kPa merged with matric suction near the Stage II/Stage III boundary. The swell–shrink curve (SSC) was J-shaped with the only void ratio decrease in Stage II. In contrast, the evaporative flux for lean clay decreased from 30 mg/m2∙s to 15 mg/m2∙s in StageII, to 10 mg/m2∙s in StageIII, and then to 5 mg/m2∙s in StageIV. The air entry and residual suction values were 5 kPa and 2000 kPa, respectively, and the total suction during Stage II and Stage III ranged from 1000 kPa to 6000 kPa, with an average value of 3500 kPa. The SSC showed a major void ratio decrease in Stage II, marginal decrease in Stage III, and no decrease in Stage IV. Under high demand, the evaporative flux for silty sand was constant at 180 mg/m2∙s in StageIII and decreased to 50 mg/m2∙s in Stage IV, whereas it decreased for the lean clay from 230 mg/m2∙s to 145 mg/m2∙s in StageII, to 95 mg/m2∙s in StageIII, and then to 25 mg/m2∙s in StageIV. For both soils, the total water loss was found to be six times higher than that under low demand.

Research on the Mechanical Properties of Flexible Material Backfilling Wall in Gob-Side Entry Retaining

In order to solve the problems of the uneven deformation of Gangue Filled Wall and the difficulty of large-scale promotion of roadway side support, and to achieve the purposes of direct disposal of coal mine waste, reducing costs, and protecting the environment, the failure mechanics model of the bagged gangue was established, and the mechanical action relationship between longitudinal external load and transverse external load of gangue woven bag was deduced. Through the uniaxial compression test of large-scale flexible backfill (coal gangue of different particle sizes), it was obtained that when the strain is 0.2, the bearing capacity of particles with particle sizes between 0 and 10 mm is greater than 5 MPa, and when the strain is 1.27, the bearing capacity of particles with particle thicknesses between 10 and 20 mm is greater than 0 mpa, which meets the requirements of resistance value and resistance growth rate of gob side entry. In the “load deflection” test of backfill (gangue) samples, it was found that the maximum failure load of wet shotcrete is greater than that of dry shotcrete, and the wet shotcrete can withstand greater deformation under the same load conditions. Through the analysis of the experimental results of “flexural strength thickness” and “maximum failure load thickness”, it was finally determined that the thickness of the spray layer with good flexibility and sufficient support force is controlled at about 80 mm.

Particle Size Effects on the Volumetric Shrinkage of Bentonite–Sand Mixtures

Tests were conducted on bentonite–silica fume mixtures (BSFMs) to determine how particle size affects the volumetric shrinkage of bentonite–sand mixtures (BSMs) used as hydraulic barriers in waste disposal facilities. Free desiccation tests, liquid limit tests, plastic limit tests, and direct shear tests were conducted to compare the soil shrinkage characteristic curves, shrinkage limits, plasticity, and shear strength of BSFMs to that of the commonly used bentonite–standard sand mixtures (BSSMs) at 30% sand percentage. BSFMs exhibited higher air entry values (up to 55.9% higher), shrinkage limits (up to 14.6% higher), final void ratio (up to 43.6% higher), peak shear strength (up to 115% higher), and a smaller percentage of volumetric shrinkage (10.8%) than BSSMs due to the particle contact and constrained particle movement. The liquid and plastic limits of BSFMs, in contrast, were also higher (up to 99.2% and 27.1%) than that of BSSMs. Particle size plays a critical role in controlling the shrinkage limits of BSMs compared to clay fractions.

Investigating scale effects in soil water retention curve via spatial time domain reflectometry

The soil water retention curve (SWRC) is usually measured by the axis translation technique (ATT), assuming a specimen thickness of a few centimetres. Usually, this assumption is unquestionable to ensure the representative elementary volume (REV). However, such an assumption cannot always be conserved with coarser soil regarding the local heterogeneities generated by larger pore sizes. In addition, the authentic SWRC is supposed to be the soil moisture profile above the phreatic surface. Those issues, therefore, raise concerns about the scale effects in SWRC. With an aim to investigate them, this work compared the primary drainage SWRCs of coarse, medium and fine sand measured by the standard hanging column and full-scale soil column (150 cm). The soil moisture profile at the final drainage stage was detected using the spatial time domain reflectometry (spatial TDR) technique with a presentation of sensor calibrations and validations. The observations showed discrepancies between SWRCs given by two methods in terms of air entry value (AEV) and slope of SWRC but agreements on residual moisture content. Moreover, such differences could be alleviated with the soil becoming finer and better graded. Finally, the physical reasons are discussed, referring to local heterogeneity and pressure gradient changes on the top boundary. In conclusion, the full-scale soil column test can be utilised to avoid scale effects, despite demanding high costs and massive labour efforts. Also, a shorter soil column incorporating point-wise suction and moisture sensors in prior studies could be an alternative solution.

CBLRR: a cauchy-based bounded constraint low-rank representation method to cluster single-cell RNA-seq data.

The rapid development of single-cel+l RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology provides unprecedented opportunities for exploring biological phenomena at the single-cell level. The discovery of cell types is one of the major applications for researchers to explore the heterogeneity of cells. Some computational methods have been proposed to solve the problem of scRNA-seq data clustering. However, the unavoidable technical noise and notorious dropouts also reduce the accuracy of clustering methods. Here, we propose the cauchy-based bounded constraint low-rank representation (CBLRR), which is a low-rank representation-based method by introducing cauchy loss function (CLF) and bounded nuclear norm regulation, aiming to alleviate the above issue. Specifically, as an effective loss function, the CLF is proven to enhance the robustness of the identification of cell types. Then, we adopt the bounded constraint to ensure the entry values of single-cell data within the restricted interval. Finally, the performance of CBLRR is evaluated on 15 scRNA-seq datasets, and compared with other state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrate that CBLRR performs accurately and robustly on clustering scRNA-seq data. Furthermore, CBLRR is an effective tool to cluster cells, and provides great potential for downstream analysis of single-cell data. The source code of CBLRR is available online at https://github.com/Ginnay/CBLRR.

Water retention curves of untreated and hyper clay geosynthetic clay liners

Bentonite clay is widely used as a hydraulic barrier in geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) due to its low hydraulic conductivity, but in an aggressive environment, such as interaction with electrolytic solutions and higher temperature variations and number of wet and dry cycles, the performance of bentonite deteriorates. Polymerised bentonite clay (hyper clay) has shown better performance than untreated bentonite under these conditions, possibly due to better water retention, thus highlighting the need to investigate the water retention capacity. Therefore, the water retention behaviour of hyper clay GCLs was studied and compared with that of untreated clay GCLs. This paper presents the soil water retention curves of untreated bentonite GCL and hyper clay GCLs treated with 8% carboxymethylcellulose measured by filter paper tests. Different electrolytic solutions were used as permeation fluids along with deionised water to represent a more aggressive environment. The results showed that a hyper clay GCL has 7% higher water retention capacity near the air entry value than an untreated clay GCL in deionised water. In other words, a hyper clay GCL can be considered a potential alternative to conventional bentonite GCLs due to its improved water retention capacity.

SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF A CHROMIC LUVISOL IN KATUMANI, KENYA

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Soil hydraulic parameters in non-saturated conditions are crucial for explaining soil water dynamics in the field. It is therefore necessary to understand the link between soil water potential and hydraulic conductivity in the soil in order to estimate plant available water and hence simulate its movement within the soils. However, measurement of such hydraulic properties in the field and laboratory is somehow difficult, laborious and costly. <strong>Objective</strong>: To determine soil hydraulic properties of Ferro-chromic Luvisols in Katumani using the RETC code based on pedo-transfer functions; % sand, silt, clay and soil bulk density. <strong>Methodology:</strong> Undisturbed soil samples were collected from a profile pit at 0-15, 16-30, 31-45 and 46-60 cm depths using core rings for bulk densities and texture determination. Soil water retention curves and saturated hydraulic conductivities (Ksat) were estimated for all the samples using standard suction apparatus and the constant head method, respectively. The air entry suction (α) and pore size distribution (n) were generated using the RETC code. <strong>Results:</strong> The permanent wilting point and field capacity were at 0.081, 0.102, 0.107 and 0.121 and 0.188, 0.225, 0.241, 0.262 m<sup>3</sup>m<sup>-3 </sup>H<sub>2</sub>O, whilst its soil water diffusivity ranged from a low of 6.39, 6.94, 9.03 to a high of 12.5 cm<sup>2</sup>min<sup>-1</sup> in the 0-15, 16-30, 31-45 and 46-60 cm depth, respectively. Ksat values from RETC code ranged from 29 - 48 cm day<sup>-1</sup>, while the total and readily available water within the soil profile were 330.4 and 214.7 mm H<sub>2</sub>O, respectively. <strong>Implication:</strong> The air entry value (α) and pore size distribution (n) implied an almost even distribution from the top and subsequent horizons. The soils ‘field capacity was achieved at pF 2.0 whilst PWP was arbitrary indicated at pF 4.2 reducing the time it takes to calculate irrigation cycles based on the amount of water available to the crops. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The data indicates that pedo-transfer functions; especially high bulk densities negatively impact on soil hydraulics conductivity.</p>

Influence of pore fluid salinity on shrinkage and water retention characteristics of biochar amended kaolin for landfill liner application

Biochar amended clay layer has emerged as a sustainable hydraulic barrier for hazardous municipal waste containment system. The effects of pore fluid salinity on soil shrinkage and water retention characteristics of biochar amended clay are unknown. This study aims to investigate the behavior of soil shrinkage and water retention of biochar amended kaolin under different pore fluid salinity. A series of volumetric shrinkage and water retention tests were conducted on biochar amended kaolin in sodium chloride solution at initial concentrations of 1 %, 5 %, and 10 %. Biochar addition increased the shrinkage limit and minimum void ratio of kaolin by up to 17 % and 11 %, respectively. Air entry value of kaolin increased by 6–88 times with an increase in pore fluid salinity, caused by interparticle aggregation. Micrographs showed that biochar intrapore was filled by kaolin particles, partially hindering the interparticle aggregation of clay in the salt solution. Biochar addition lowered zeta potential on the surface of kaolin particles by 50–75 %, indicating that the immobilisation of excess sodium ions was achieved by biochar. Correspondingly, osmotic suction of pore fluid decreased by 21–64 % due to biochar's ion absorption. The findings highlighted that biochar addition to kaolin specimens minimises NaCl-induced soil shrinkage and reduces the pore fluid salinity. This study indicates that biochar could be potentially helpful for desalinisation and mitigating volumetric change issues for geo-environmental infrastructures.

Mining Order-preserving Submatrices under Data Uncertainty: A Possible-world Approach and Efficient Approximation Methods

Given a data matrix\( D \), a submatrix\( S \)of\( D \)is an order-preserving submatrix (OPSM) if there is a permutation of the columns of\( S \), under which the entry values of each row in\( S \)are strictly increasing. OPSM mining is widely used in real-life applications such as identifying coexpressed genes and finding customers with similar preference. However, noise is ubiquitous in real data matrices due to variable experimental conditions and measurement errors, which makes conventional OPSM mining algorithms inapplicable. No previous work on OPSM has ever considered uncertain value intervals using the well-established possible world semantics.We establish two different definitions of significant OPSMs based on thepossible world semantics: (1) expected support-based and (2) probabilistic frequentness-based. An optimized dynamic programming approach is proposed to compute the probability that a row supports a particular column permutation, with a closed-form formula derived to efficiently handle the special case of uniform value distribution and an accurate cubic spline approximation approach that works well with any uncertain value distributions. To efficiently check the probabilistic frequentness, several effective pruning rules are designed to efficiently prune insignificant OPSMs; two approximation techniques based on the Poisson and Gaussian distributions, respectively, are proposed for further speedup. These techniques are integrated into our two OPSM mining algorithms, based on prefix-projection and Apriori, respectively. We further parallelize our prefix-projection-based mining algorithm using PrefixFPM, a recently proposed framework for parallel frequent pattern mining, and we achieve a good speedup with the number of CPU cores. Extensive experiments on real microarray data demonstrate that the OPSMs found by our algorithms have a much higher quality than those found by existing approaches.

Influence of Desaturation and Shrinkage on Evaporative Flux from Soils

An assessment of evaporation losses from soils is critical for sustainable agriculture in semi-arid regions. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of desaturation and shrinkage on evaporative flux from representative soils. Results indicated that the surface area did not change for silty sand (6% volume reduction) and substantially increased for lean clay (17% volume reduction). The evaporative flux for silty sand decreased from 31 to 25 mg/m2∙s in Stage II, remained constant during Stage III, and decreased to 11 mg/m2∙s in Stage IV. In contrast, the lean clay showed a longer Stage II (34 to 14 mg/m2∙s), a near constant Stage III, albeit a similar Stage IV (13 to 3 mg/m2∙s). The air entry and residual suction values were 1 kPa and 100 kPa for silty sand and 5 kPa and 1400 kPa for lean clay. In both soils, the total suction merged with the matric suction at Stage II–Stage III boundary. Furthermore, the shrinkage curve was J-shaped for silty sand with the only void ratio decrease in Stage II, whereas that for the lean clay showed a significant void ratio decrease in Stage II, marginal decrease in Stage III, and no decrease in Stage IV. Under high demand, the silty sand exhibited Stage III and Stage IV evaporation, whereas the lean clay also showed significant flux during Stage II. For the investigated range of water content, the total water loss under high demand was found to be 7 times that under low demand.

Partial strong structural controllability

This paper introduces a new controllability notion, termed partial strong structural controllability (PSSC), on a structured system whose entries of system matrices are either fixed zero or indeterminate, which naturally extends the conventional strong structural controllability (SSC) and bridges the gap between structural controllability and SSC. Dividing the indeterminate entries into two categories, generic entries and unspecified entries, a system is PSSC, if for almost all values of the generic entries in the parameter space except for a set of measure zero, and any nonzero (complex) values of the unspecified entries, the corresponding system is controllable. We highlight that this notion generalizes the generic property embedded in the conventional structural controllability for single-input systems. We then give algebraic and (bipartite) graph-theoretic necessary and sufficient conditions for single-input systems to be PSSC, the latter of which can be verified in polynomial time. Conditions for multi-input systems are subsequently given for a special case. It is shown the established results can induce a new maximum matching based criterion for SSC over the system bipartite graph representations.

ITALLIC: A tool for identifying and correcting errors in location based plant breeding data

Advances in big data technologies are making it possible to analyze large amounts of data in near real time. These technologies offer great promise in the area of data-driven plant breeding. To fully realize this promise, disparate sources of genotype, environment, management, and socioeconomic data need to be integrated. Collectively, this data could be used to inform genetic predictive models for maize, wheat, and other crops. Some of the primary challenges to analyzing these disparate sources collectively are errors in location data, which include flipped latitude and longitude values, missing negative signs, and, in some cases, missing data. To address these challenges, we have developed an Integrated Tool for AgData Lat Long Imputation and Cleaning (ITALLIC), which detects and corrects errors in location data and imputes missing values for location-dependent data, such as region name.Location information is considered valid if a multipolygon bounding its coordinates corresponds to the country label. This validation step easily detects common errors, such as missing negative signs or flipped latitude and longitude data. To suggest corrections, combinations of alternative latitude and longitude values are generated, and a query is used to determine the country for each of these possible coordinate pairs. If one of the coordinate pairs corresponds to a country, those coordinates are suggested as the putatively correct latitude and longitude values for that data entry. If this approach fails to correct the error, an open-source API is used to geocode the location.In addition to identifying and correcting potential errors, ITALLIC includes a visualization tool that makes it easy for users to validate results. Illustratively, when used to analyze data from over 1,400 plant breeding stations around the world, ITALLIC enabled us to validate or correct errors in over 90% of the data. Being able to examine suggested corrections visually made the validation process seamless and convenient. In a few instances, latitude and longitude values were flipped, resulting in a plant breeding station being listed as located in the middle of the ocean. The visualization tool was able to plot both the location in the middle of the ocean and the station’s suggested correct location with a line connecting them. Being able to visualize both the erroneous data point and its suggested location helped us quickly identify and correct errors. ITALLIC is freely available for installation via the publicly accessible Anaconda package management system and the source code has been made available on GitHub. ITALLIC is under active development and has been integrated into the GEMS™ Agroinformatics platform.

The unsaturated characteristics of natural loess in slopes, New Zealand

Loess and loess-derived soils in the Akaroa harbour area of New Zealand are typically unsaturated and vulnerable to shallow landsliding during rainfall events. In this paper, the water retention properties and unsaturated shear strength of these materials are characterised using laboratory testing and long-term field instrumentation. Because the pore size distribution of the loess is fractal, the laboratory-derived soil-water characteristic curve is described mathematically using a series of power-law relationships. The same soil-water characteristic curve applies to both recompacted and intact loess when suction is normalised by the air entry value. Stress–strain behaviours of the recompacted and intact loess exhibit significant differences, however. The unique microstructure of the intact loess contributes to its larger shear strength. Long-term field instrumentation data, including suction and volumetric water content, indicate that the hydraulic state of in situ loess remained on a scanning curve for the duration of the monitoring period, despite the occurrence of significant wetting events. This, in combination with triaxial test results, allows the contribution of suction to unsaturated shear strength to be quantified. Temporal variations in suction's contribution to strength confirms seasonal variability in unsaturated shear strength and thus slope stability.

The structure of tropical lateritic soils as an impacting factor in the shape of soil-water characteristic curves

The presence of unsaturated flow in tropical lateritic soils of unknown hydromechanical behavior may lead to severe geotechnical problems. It is known that soil-water characteristic curves (SWCC) are a valuable tool to define this behavior and facilitate the suction estimation, acting on tests performed with no control of such parameter. This article aimed to determine and model the SWCC for 3 unprecedented tropical soils, in the undisturbed and the compacted conditions, from the Paraná state, located in the south of Brazil. The soils studied are one clay and two sands, all lateritic. The pressure plate and the filter paper methods were used to determine the SWCC. The samples were carved and submitted to the drying paths. Furthermore, Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) tests were performed in samples of the studied soils in order to obtain the pore size distribution (PSD), contributing to the bimodal definition of curves and the prediction of SWCC main parameters. Both techniques (pressure plate and filter paper) were combined and the SWCC was adjusted by Gitirana & Fredlund model, which efficiently represents the shape of the traditional curves for tropical soils. Furthermore, the SWCCs were predicted by PSD and obtained satisfactory numerical fits. All SWCC presented air entry values in the macropores that are characteristic of soils as the lateritic, given that its structure was considered a key factor in the shape of the curves.

Assessment of the Self-Compaction Effect in Filtered Tailings Disposal under Unsaturated Condition

Filtered tailing is a relatively-environmentally friendly technique due to the recovery of water during the process of dehydration. This technique was recently developed and therefore there are few studies available compared to research on conventional tailings. This work focuses on the behaviour of a filtered copper tailing under an unsaturated condition, studying the effect of self-compaction by self-weight which is triggered by the deposition process through 1D consolidation tests. In addition, the impact of confinement on the stiffness and shear strength was studied by means of unsaturated drained triaxial tests. The initial matric suction was determined based on soil-water characteristic curves for two initially loose dry densities and the water content at which the material leaves the dehydration process. The unsaturated consolidation tests showed that for vertical stresses above 100 kPa and with ratios between the applied matric suction and air entry value lower than twelve, the material approaches saturated condition, reaching up to 95% degree of saturation. On the other hand, for the unsaturated drained triaxial tests, the effect of the matric suction generates increases in the shear strength and the stiffness of the material up to 200% and 600%, respectively. However, the increase tends to disappear as confinement increases.

Recycling of paper/wood industry waste for hydromechanical stability of expansive soils: A novel approach

This article presents a sustainable solution to repurpose paper/wood industry waste as a geotechnical construction material. A novel lignosulphonate (LS)-based composite admixture (CA) was used in this study to cope with construction problems pertaining to expansive soils. Surface water infiltration in terms of rainfall and surface water irrigation are the prime factors that cause volumetric change behavior and a drastic reduction in shear strength due to loss in suction that eventually causes failure in expansive soils. Such failures are comprised of complex hydromechanical phenomena and their remediation requires special attention. In this context, this study for the first time deals with the use of LS-based CA as a remedy to such failures in expansive soils considering the hydromechanical properties. To better understand the hydraulic response, the specially designed soil-column model tests (SCMTs) were conducted. Besides, different geotechnical experiments and microstructural analyses were carried out to analyze the hydromechanical behavior of CA treatment against the varying degree of saturation (Sr). The results showed that LS-based CA treatment increases the water holding capacity over a suction range of 78.4 kPa and air entry value (AEV) by 33%. Also, the SCMT showed that the wetting-front depth (WFD) at full saturation in CA treated expansive soil was 4–10% quicker than untreated expansive soil. In addition, for the increase in Sr from optimum to 100%, the decrease in cohesion (c) value for untreated and treated soil was found to be 88% and 39.8%, and the increase in compressibility was 37% and 17%, respectively, highlighting better resistance against Sr. Whereas, the swelling potential was completely eradicated with a significant reduction in volumetric shrinkage by 43% compared to untreated soil. The microstructural analyses showed the development of apparent aggregation with the Sr in untreated expansive soil, whereas the CA treatment-induced better structure with bigger size particles with disrupted inter and intra assemblage pore spaces. The results showed that LS-based CA manifests substantial hydromechanical stability against variation in Sr. Overall, this study provides the scientific basis to the practitioners for the pragmatic use of LS-based CA in treating expansive soil problems.