Entry Devices Research Articles

Neuromarketing Applied in Organizations: A Scientific Production Study

The objective was to identify the literary contributions that support neuromarketing, using a literature review study, with an exploratory-explanatory scope, using literature review as the data collection technique. For the identification of publications, from 2020 to 2024. There were a total of 30 articles. The results mention, to study the benefits and limitations of neuromarketing tools in a series of market entry devices. Neuromarketing contributes to customer acquisition and better positioning of the company, in addition to achieving loyalty and love for the brand. Neuromarketing is regarded as a recent development in marketing since it applies neuroscience to market research to analyze which stimuli cause a particular kind of customer behavior. It also helps to uncover feelings and perceptions about a business in order to create strategies that increase customer loyalty.

First Aid Device for Emergency Entry: Low-temperature Plasma Jet Coagulation Equipment

Bleeding control in emergency is a pivotal issue. The value of rapid coagulation of trauma has been found through emergency cases. With the rapid development of coagulation and homeostasis technology, a variety of new homeostatic materials and methods have been developed and applied. This paper depicted the potential application of a portable low-temperature air plasma jet coagulation equipment, of which its medical characteristics such as coagulation, issue repair, disinfection and sterilization as well as its construction were presented.

Design and evaluation of a versatile text input device for virtual and immersive workspaces

ABSTRACT While headsets dedicated to mixed reality are increasingly considered to virtualize workspaces in the office, the keyboard remains mostly unchanged and nevertheless is still envisioned as an interface for common professional activities heavily demanding in text entry. However, unlike headsets, a keyboard is intrinsically limited to immobile context during its use, due to the need for physical support. In this article, we investigate a radical change in the structural shape of the keyboard, switching from the plane to a cube, allowing users to fully benefit from their whole environment by entering text in a much wider variety of contexts. We designed a cubic layout based on the QWERTY and results from two user studies to define the best holding position as well as fingers preferences and reachability to the cubic shape. Then, we conducted two subsequent user studies and one longitudinal case study to compare and evaluate typing skill transfer from the keyboard, learning curve, fingers usage, usability, and workload in various contexts. The cubic-shaped text entry device finally showed its versatility with users having similar performances while standing with a mixed-reality headset or sitting in front of a laptop, and an input speed from an expert reaching 55.1 wpm.

The Device for Intraventricular Entry guide: a novel solution to a perpetual problem.

The authors designed a low-profile device for reliable ventricular access and prospectively studied its safety, efficacy, and accuracy at a large academic center. A novel device for ventricular entry, the Device for Intraventricular Entry (DIVE) guide, was designed and created by the first and senior authors. Fifty patients undergoing external ventricular drainage (EVD) or shunt placement were prospectively enrolled for DIVE-assisted catheter placement at a single academic center. The primary outcome was the catheter tip location on postprocedural CT. Secondary outcomes included number of catheter passes, clinically significant hemorrhages, and procedure-related infections. Fifty patients were enrolled. Indications included subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, hydrocephalus, pseudotumor, and postsurgical wound drainage. In total, 76% (38/50) of patients underwent right-sided placement and 24% (12/50) underwent left-sided placement. All 100% (50/50) of patients had successful cannulation with an average of 1.06 passes. Postprocedural head CT confirmed ipsilateral frontal horn or third ventricle placement (Kakarla grade 1) in 92% (46/50) of patients and placement in the contralateral lateral ventricle in 8% (4/50) (Kakarla grade 2). There were no clinically significant track hemorrhages or procedural infections. This single-center prospective study investigated the safety and efficacy of DIVE-assisted ventricular access. In total, 100% of procedures had successful ventricular cannulation, with 92% achieving Kakarla grade 1, with an average of 1.06 passes without any clinical complications.

768 The Device for Intraventricular Entry (DIVE) Guide: A Novel Solution to a Perpetual Problem

INTRODUCTION: Safe and reliable access to the ventricular system is a necessary skill in the neurosurgical armamentarium. The freehand technique for catheter placement remains an accepted method, yet the inaccuracy rate can be as high as 40%, with as many as 3 passes per procedure, and complication rates between 10-40%. A number of devices have been developed to assist with catheter placement, however, these devices inhibit ergonomics or require larger incisions and expensive navigation technology. METHODS: A novel device for ventricular entry, the DIVE guide, was designed by the first and senior author. 50 patients undergoing extra ventricular drain (EVD) or shunt placement were prospectively enrolled for DIVE assisted catheter placement under an IRB approved study with a non-significant risk (NSR) device designation. The primary outcome is catheter location on CT. Secondary outcomes include number of catheter passes, clinically significant hemorrhages and procedure-related infections. RESULTS: 50 patients were enrolled at a single academic center for ventricular access with DIVE assistance. Indications included subarachnoid or intraventricular hemorrhage, TBI, hydrocephalus, pseudotumor and post-surgical wound drainage. 76% (38/50) underwent right sided placement and 24% (12/20) underwent left. 100% (50/50) had successful cannulation in an average of 1.06 passes. Post procedure head CT confirmed ipsilateral frontal horn or 3rd ventricle placement (Kakarla Grade 1) in 92% (46/50) and 8% (4/50) in the contralateral lateral ventricle (Grade 2). There were no significant tract hemorrhages or procedural infections. CONCLUSIONS: This a prospective study to investigate the safety and efficacy of DIVE-assisted ventricular access. 100% of procedures had successful ventricular cannulation, with 92% achieving Kakarla Grade 1, in an average of 1.06 passes.

92 Burn Injury Assessment Study: How Good Are We at Assessing Burn Injury?

92 Burn Injury Assessment Study: How Good Are We at Assessing Burn Injury?

Abdominal Wall Thickness at Palmer's Point and Distance to Adjacent Structures across the Body Mass Index Spectrum

Studies delineating left upper quadrant (LUQ) anatomy across a range of body mass indices are lacking. We aimed primarily to compare, between nonobese and obese women, abdominal wall thickness and the distance from the LUQ to key structures. In addition, we aimed to characterize LUQ anatomy in underweight women. A retrospective cohort study. A tertiary academic medical institution. Sixty women (30 nonobese, 30 obese) aged 18 years and older who underwent abdominal imaging from October 1, 2018, to December 31, 2018. Computed tomography imaging of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis. Abdominal wall thickness at the LUQ was significantly greater in obese (4.3 ± 1.7 cm) than nonobese patients (2.4 ± 1.7 cm) (p <.001), as were distances to all key structures (aorta, vena cava, spleen, stomach, pancreas, liver, left kidney, and pelvis) (p ≤.02). On average, all structures, with the exception of stomach and liver, were >10 cm (the length of a typical insufflation needle) away from the LUQ insertion point in obese women. In underweight women, the aorta, spleen, stomach, pancreas, and liver were all within 10 cm of the LUQ insertion point. Within the obese and nonobese group, abdominal wall thickness at the LUQ was significantly greater than at the umbilicus (p <.001). Body mass index was more strongly correlated with abdominal wall thickness at the LUQ (r=0.84; p <.001) than at the umbilicus (r=0.69; p <.001) (p=.007 for comparison). This study highlights special anatomic considerations for LUQ access in obese and underweight patients. In obese women, abdominal wall thickness may be greater at this site than at the umbilicus and the liver and stomach remain within reach of an insufflation needle. The increased working distance from the LUQ to the pelvis in obese patients may necessitate specialized instruments if this site is used during surgery. In underweight women, the aorta, in addition to many other structures, is within reach of commonly used entry devices.

An Intelligent Individualized Cardiovascular App for Risk Elimination (iCARE) for Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease: Development and Usability Testing Analysis.

BackgroundDeath and disability from coronary heart disease (CHD) can be largely reduced by improving risk factor management. However, adhering to evidence-based recommendations is challenging and requires interventions at the level of the patient, provider, and health system.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to develop an Intelligent Individualized Cardiovascular App for Risk Elimination (iCARE) to facilitate adherence to health behaviors and preventive medications, and to test the usability of iCARE.MethodsWe developed iCARE based on a user-centered design approach, which included 4 phases: (1) function design, (2) iterative design, (3) expert inspections and walkthroughs of the prototypes, and (4) usability testing with end users. The usability testing of iCARE included 2 stages: stage I, which included a task analysis and a usability evaluation (January to March 2019) of the iCARE patient app using the modified Health Information Technology Usability Survey (Health-ITUES); and stage II (June 2020), which used the Health-ITUES among end users who used the app for 6 months. The end users were individuals with a confirmed diagnosis of CHD from 2 university-affiliated hospitals in Beijing, China.ResultsiCARE consists of a patient app, a care provider app, and a cloud platform. It has a set of algorithms that trigger tailored feedback and can send individualized interventions based on data from initial assessment and health monitoring via manual entry or wearable devices. For stage I usability testing, 88 hospitalized patients (72% [63/88] male; mean age 60 [SD 9.9] years) with CHD were included in the study. The mean score of the usability testing was 90.1 (interquartile range 83.3-99.0). Among enrolled participants, 90% (79/88) were satisfied with iCARE; 94% (83/88) and 82% (72/88) reported that iCARE was useful and easy to use, respectively. For stage II usability testing, 61 individuals with CHD (85% [52/61] male; mean age 53 [SD 8.2] years) who were from an intervention arm and used iCARE for at least six months were included. The mean total score on usability testing based on the questionnaire was 89.0 (interquartile distance: 77.0-99.5). Among enrolled participants, 89% (54/61) were satisfied with the use of iCARE, 93% (57/61) perceived it as useful, and 70% (43/61) as easy to use.ConclusionsThis study developed an intelligent, individualized, evidence-based, and theory-driven app (iCARE) to improve patients’ adherence to health behaviors and medication management. iCARE was identified to be highly acceptable, useful, and easy to use among individuals with a diagnosis of CHD.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-INR-16010242; https://tinyurl.com/2p8bkrew

Behavioral Acoustic Emanations: Attack and Verification of PIN Entry Using Keypress Sounds.

This paper explores the security vulnerability of Personal Identification Number (PIN) or numeric passwords. Entry Device (PEDs) that use small strings of data (PINs, keys or passwords) as means of verifying the legitimacy of a user. Today, PEDs are commonly used by personnel in different industrial and consumer electronic applications, such as entry at security checkpoints, ATMs and customer kiosks, etc. In this paper, we propose a side-channel attack on a 4–6 digit random PIN key, and a PIN key user verification method. The intervals between two keystrokes are extracted from the acoustic emanation and used as features to train machine-learning models. The attack model has a 60% chance to recover the PIN key. The verification model has an 88% accuracy on identifying the user. Our attack methods can perform key recovery by using the acoustic side-channel at low cost. As a countermeasure, our verification method can improve the security of PIN entry devices.

ReconViguRation: Reconfiguring Physical Keyboards in Virtual Reality

Physical keyboards are common peripherals for personal computers and are efficient standard text entry devices. Recent research has investigated how physical keyboards can be used in immersive head-mounted display-based Virtual Reality (VR). So far, the physical layout of keyboards has typically been transplanted into VR for replicating typing experiences in a standard desktop environment. In this paper, we explore how to fully leverage the immersiveness of VR to change the input and output characteristics of physical keyboard interaction within a VR environment. This allows individual physical keys to be reconfigured to the same or different actions and visual output to be distributed in various ways across the VR representation of the keyboard. We explore a set of input and output mappings for reconfiguring the virtual presentation of physical keyboards and probe the resulting design space by specifically designing, implementing and evaluating nine VR-relevant applications: emojis, languages and special characters, application shortcuts, virtual text processing macros, a window manager, a photo browser, a whack-a-mole game, secure password entry and a virtual touch bar. We investigate the feasibility of the applications in a user study with 20 participants and find that, among other things, they are usable in VR. We discuss the limitations and possibilities of remapping the input and output characteristics of physical keyboards in VR based on empirical findings and analysis and suggest future research directions in this area.

Investigation of a Capacitor Array of a Composite Capacitive Touch Panel

The work is devoted to studying a capacitor array of sensor and contactless identifier entry devices of the capacitive type on the example of sensory devices made from composite silver-containing materials on a ceramic substrate. The theoretical investigations involve calculations of the topology of the capacitor arrays, in particular, improved dimensions of the segments (3.5 × 3.5 mm) and the arrangement of array layers with the aim of more exactly recognizing input objects, reducing the malfunction of the controller, and increasing the electromagnetic pickup tolerance. In addition to searching for the dimensional parameters, the electrophysical parameters of the capacitive panel under study, namely, voltage, capacitance of 1.8 nF in the case of a matrix with square segments and 2.3 nF in the case of a matrix with round segments, and the charge before and after approaching the input objects (6 and 7 nC, respectively), are measured and calculated. Experimental investigations of the capacitor arrays are carried out, according to which it is determined that a round shape of the segments is preferable in order to increase the linearity of the dependence of the distance of the input objects from the centers of the sensor segments. It is also more effective to locate the integrated plate of a capacitor array from the bottom rather than the top. In this case, the set of holes in the array layers becomes unnecessary. The results of the calculations of the dimensional and electrophysical parameters and their experimental measurements help in the design of topologies of the arrays of the sensor elements of capacitive touch panels from materials which are an alternative to indium and tin oxides (ITOs) (silver nanowires, graphene, polymers, foil, silver-containing organic composites, etc.), as well as in the design of ADT diagrams and controllers for them.

A Survey on Biometrics Security System

Summary Biometrics is a rapidly evolving technology which is being widely used in forensics such as criminal identification and prison security, and has the potential to be used in a large range of civilian application areas. Biometrics can be used to prevent unauthorized access to ATMs, cellular phones, smart cards, desktop PCs, workstations, and computer networks. It can be used during transactions conducted via telephone and internet (electronic commerce and electronic banking). In automobiles, biometrics can replace keys with key-less entry devices. Although many technologies fit in the biometric space, each works a bit differently. Relatively new on the biometric scene, face recognition devices use PC-attached cameras to record facial geometry. Once the biometric data is collected, it is encrypted and stored--locally, in the case of the desktop-only products; in a central database for the network solutions. When a user tries to log on, the software compares the incoming biometric data against the stored data.

Discussion of “Evaluation of a novel thoracic entry device versus needle decompression in a tension pneumothorax swine model”

Discussion of “Evaluation of a novel thoracic entry device versus needle decompression in a tension pneumothorax swine model”

Evaluation of a novel thoracic entry device versus needle decompression in a tension pneumothorax swine model

IntroductionTension pneumothorax (tPTX) remains a major cause of preventable death in trauma. Needle decompression (ND) has up to a 60% failure rate. MethodsPost-mortem swine used. Interventions were randomized to 14G-needle decompression (ND, n = 25), bladed trocar with 36Fr cannula (BTW, n = 16), bladed trocar alone (BTWO, n = 16) and surgical thoracostomy (ST = 11). Simulated tPTX was created to a pressure(p) of 20 mmHg. ResultsSuccess (p < 5 mmHg by 120 s) was seen in 41 of 68 (60%) interventions. BTW and BTWO were consistently more successful than ND with success rates of 88% versus 48% in ND (p < .001). In successful deployments, ND was slower to reach p < 5 mmHg, average of 82s versus 26s and 28s for BTW and BTWO respectively (p < .001). Time to implement procedure was faster for ND with an average of 3.6s versus 16.9s and 15.3s in the BTW and BTWO (p < .001). Final pressure was significantly less in BTW and BTWO at 1.7 mmHg versus 7 mmHg in ND animals (p < .001). ConclusionBladed trocars can safely and effectively tPTX with a significantly higher success rates than needle decompression.

An evaluation of touchscreen versus keyboard/mouse interaction for large screen process control displays

The objectives of this study were to test the effect of interaction device on performance in a process control task (managing a tank farm). The study compared the following two conditions: a) 4K-resolution 55“ screen with a 21” touchscreen versus b) 4K-resolution 55″ screen with keyboard/mouse. The touchscreen acted both as an interaction device for data entry and navigation and as an additional source of information. A within-subject experiment was conducted among 20 college engineering students. A primary task of preventing tanks from overfilling as well as a secondary task of manual logging with situation awareness questions were designed for the study. Primary Task performance (including tank level at discharge, number of tank discharged and performance score), Secondary Task Performance (including Tank log count, performance score), system interaction times, subjective workload, situation awareness questionnaire, user experience survey regarding usability and condition comparison were used as the measures. Parametric data resulted in two metrics statistically different means between the two conditions: The 4K-keyboard condition resulted in faster Detection + Navigation time compared to the 4K-touchscreen condition, by about 2 s, while participants within the 4K-touchscreen condition were about 2 s faster in data entry than in the 4K-keyboard condition. No significant results were found for: performance on the secondary task, situation awareness, and workload. Additionally, no clear significant differences were found in the non-parametric data analysis. However, participants showed a slight preference for the 4K-touchscreen condition compared to the 4K-keyboard condition in subjective responses in comparing the conditions. Introducing the touchscreen as an additional/alternative input device showed to have an effect in interaction times, which suggests that proper design considerations need to be made. While having values shown on the interaction device provides value, a potential issue of visual distraction exists when having an additional visual display. The allocation of visual attention between primary displays and the touchscreen should be further investigated.

Assistive computer input device for muscular atrophy patients

This article is aimed at people who suffer from muscular dystrophy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. A webcam captures images of the user’s head, and the computer then processes these images to calculate and transform the swinging direction and distance of the user’s head into the position of the mouse cursor and into the action of clicking the mouse. To accurately and quickly recognize these features, this article used a round sticker with a diameter of 1 cm as an identification label, which is stuck on the user’s forehead. After the webcam captures the images, the program can recognize the positions of the identification label and move the mouse cursor. Through Windows API, this article determined the user’s intention and action of clicking the mouse on the basis of a series of movements to control the mouse cursor. As confirmed by the experimental results, the proposed assisted computer entry device for muscular atrophy patients is applicable and gives good results for the e-book reading program, use of the web browser, and the execution of the application software and mini-games developed by this system structure.

The Psychobiological Problems of Continued Nicotine Dependency in E-Cigarette 'Vapers'. Commentary: "Electronic Cigarettes".

The Psychobiological Problems of Continued Nicotine Dependency in E-Cigarette 'Vapers'. Commentary: "Electronic Cigarettes".

Highly Stretchable, Global, and Distributed Local Strain Sensing Line Using GaInSn Electrodes for Wearable Electronics

For identifying human or finger movement, it is necessary to sense subtle movements at multiple points, including the local strain and global deformation simultaneously; however, this has not yet been realized. Therefore, a highly stretchable, global, and distributed local strain sensing electrode made of GaInSn and polydimethylsiloxane is developed for wearable devices. To investigate the electrical properties of multiple sections of the GaInSn electrode when stretching, tensile, cyclic, and three‐point‐bending tests are performed. The results demonstrate that the electrode can withstand a strain up to 50% and has little hysteresis without any delay. Moreover, the distributed local strain and global strain can be simultaneously measured using just a single electrode line. Finally, a prototype of a data glove as an application of the strain sensing line is manufactured, and it is demonstrated that the folding state of fingers could be identified. The proposed technology may allow the creation of a lightweight master hand manipulator or 3D data entry device.

Automated analysis of security requirements through risk-based argumentation

Computer-based systems are increasingly being exposed to evolving security threats, which often reveal new vulnerabilities. A formal analysis of the evolving threats is difficult due to a number of practical considerations such as incomplete knowledge about the design, limited information about attacks, and constraints on organisational resources. In our earlier work on RISA (RIsk assessment in Security Argumentation), we showed that informal risk assessment can complement the formal analysis of security requirements. In this paper, we integrate the formal and informal assessment of security by proposing a unified meta-model and an automated tool for supporting security argumentation called OpenRISA. Using a uniform representation of risks and arguments, our automated checking of formal arguments can identify relevant risks as rebuttals to those arguments, and identify mitigations from publicly available security catalogues when possible. As a result, security engineers are able to make informed and traceable decisions about the security of their computer-based systems. The application of OpenRISA is illustrated with examples from a PIN Entry Device case study.

10701 低融点合金を用いたStretchable電極によるひずみ分布センシング

Electronic devices with stretchability can be applied to various areas because stretchability enables bending and stretching while in use. Therefore, electronic devices consisting of stretchable electrodes enclosed in elastomer have been developed. We manufactured a prototype of a data glove as an application of the strain sensing line using GaInSn stretchable electrodes (GaInSn: low melting point eutectic alloy consisting of 68.5 % Gallium, 21.5 % Indium, and 10 % Tin) enclosed in PDMS sheets. In this paper, we demonstrated that the folding state of fingers could be identified. The proposed technology may allow for the creation of a lightweight master hand manipulator or three-dimensional data entry device.