Entrepreneurship Theory Research Articles

The impact of cyber entrepreneurship education on Chinese college students’ self-efficacy and intention in cyber entrepreneurship

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the effects of four types of cyber entrepreneurship courses on entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and intention. It is based on Social Cognitive Theory and Regulatory Focus Theory, which takes Chinese college students as the research objects.Design/methodology/approachApproximately 101 senior business school students who had participated in all cyber entrepreneurship courses were selected to complete the horizontal analysis. Approximately 317 students from different grades who had participated in different cyber entrepreneurship courses were selected for the multi-group analysis (MGA) for the longitudinal comparison.Findings The results show that different cyber entrepreneurship courses may trigger Chinese students’ positive or defensive mechanisms for cyber entrepreneurship and affect their ESE and intentions. The impact of cyber entrepreneurship theoretical courses on Chinese students’ entrepreneurial intentions is not significant, and self-efficacy has no mediating effect between cyber entrepreneurial theory courses and intentions.Originality/value This study helps teachers and policymakers to better understand the impacts of cyber entrepreneurship courses and to adopt proper teaching contents and methods for diversity goals. It also has reference value in theoretical and practical perspectives.

NETWORK APPROACH IN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP:PRELIMINARY RESULTSOF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

The purpose of this article is to illustrate the possibilities of using network approach in social entrepreneurship as one of the key tools for the sustainability of social enterprises. The authors first consider the approaches to determine the nature of social entrepreneurship in general, as well as the prerequisites for applying network approach in social entrepreneurship in particular. Such a preliminary theoretical review is important, since despite the popularity of the concept “social entrepreneurship”, at the same time we observe great uncertainty and fragmentation in the theory of social entrepreneurship, in matters of legislative regulation and state support in this area. Defining the essence of social entrepreneurship through the prism of institutional analysis is most relevant, since it is an approach that makes it possible to correlate the benefits and costs of a particular form of organization at a fundamental level, to cover the phenomenon at large, and not just individual manifestations of its features. The effectiveness of the application of the network approach in various forms of organizations has long been proven both in the new institutional economic theory and in various management concepts. The application of network approach in social entrepreneurship is also relevant. The article considers certain implications in applying this form of organization of economic interaction in the field of social entrepreneurship. The paper presents the results of an empirical study conducted in February-April 2022 among Russian entrepreneurs while preparing for the interregional expert session «Entrepreneurial networks as a factor in the sustainable development of the territory». The survey conducted by the method of questioning, including closed and open questions involved 115 people from 30 regions of Russia - owners and founders of small and medium-sized businesses. The paper concludes with presenting possible ways of applying the results of empirical research for the development of network forms of organization in social entrepreneurship.

How informational stimuli, formative experiences, and socialization can activate values to foster sustainable entrepreneurship engagement

AbstractResearch has shown that specific individual values, such as green and environmental values, are important in motivating the decision to start a sustainable business. Beyond this finding, there is limited knowledge about why, how, and when such values become important and what this means for sustainable entrepreneurship engagement. We address this question abductively and conduct a multi‐case study of 18 sustainable entrepreneurs and their fashion companies. Drawing on the self‐activation and the impressionable years hypotheses, we identified three ways in which sustainability‐oriented values become activated and more important to individuals: (1) through informational stimuli, (2) through formative and life‐changing experiences, and (3) through socialization. Further, we show that the entrepreneurs engaged in reflexive learning due to the value‐activating experience, whereby they critically questioned their assumptions and actions. Together, one or more value activations and the involved reflexive learning contributed significantly to the decision to become a sustainable entrepreneur. With this novel explanation for why and how values become engaged in the first place, we contribute to the theory of (sustainable) entrepreneurship. Further, our research helps devise value‐activating strategies for practitioners who want to help (prospective) entrepreneurs act more in line with their sustainability‐oriented values and start a sustainable business.

Corrigendum to “In the Eye of the Beholder: Visualising Students’ Implicit Entrepreneurship Theories”

Corrigendum to “In the Eye of the Beholder: Visualising Students’ Implicit Entrepreneurship Theories”

Revisiting the research on social networks and entrepreneurship: An integrative framework and research agenda

AbstractFollowing on from reviews about social networks and entrepreneurship published more than 10 years ago, this article updates our knowledge by reviewing and grouping representative studies among 693 articles selected from the Web of Science. This review identifies research patterns in major subrealms, examines research achievements in the light of earlier reviews' suggestions discusses directions for further research, and develops an integrative framework to advance theory and empirical knowledge of social networks and entrepreneurship.

Realizing expectations? High-impact entrepreneurship across countries

AbstractComparative international entrepreneurship research has often used measures of high-growth expectations entrepreneurship to proxy for the construct of high-impact entrepreneurship. We revisit this practice by assessing the cross-country association between high-growth expectations and realized high-impact entrepreneurship to speak to construct measurement fit. We find that expectations are not a good proxy for realizations; they are associated with different determinants and outcomes, respectively. We go on to introduce the notion of entrepreneurial projection bias to gauge the misfit between expectations and realizations. Conditioning on entrepreneurial projection bias partially restores the association between realized high-impact entrepreneurship and its determinants (or outcomes) when realizations are proxied using expectations. Furthermore, we show that opportunity-motivated entrepreneurship also does not proxy well for high-impact entrepreneurship. Our analysis brings into question current survey-based approaches to measuring high-impact entrepreneurship and existing rankings of countries’ entrepreneurial performance, with important implications for entrepreneurship theory and policy.

Township entrepreneurship, Unemployment and Economic Development: Myth or Reality in Sub-Saharan African Countries

This study aims to perform a comparative analysis of the influence of township entrepreneurship on unemployment and economic development among the Francophone and Anglophone countries in sub-Saharan Africa. The study employed a descriptive and quantitative research design where a longitudinal data was sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI) and World Bank Entrepreneurship databases on 12 and 9 Francophone and Anglophone countries respectively. A Fixed Effect panel regression model was employed to attain the objectives of the study. The findings of the study revealed that there is a significant negative effect of township entrepreneurship on unemployment; and also, township entrepreneurship has a positive significant effect on economic development. Both relationships were found to have insignificant differences between Anglophone and Francophone countries suggesting that the ability of township entrepreneurship to minimize the rate of unemployment and boost economic development is generic and irrespective of cultural and social differences. This study was anchored on the behavioral theory of social entrepreneurship to provide empirical contribution to existing literature.

Dimensions of Islamic Entrepreneurship Model: Evaluating the Elements of Entrepreneurial Ventures and Entrepreneurs from Islamic Perspective

The concept of Islamic entrepreneurship has gained popularity in recent past with the involvement of religion and ethics to business practices. In relation to the developing interest in the domain of Islamic entrepreneurship, various theorists and scholars have offered their insights and varied postulations regarding the different forms and frameworks of Islamic entrepreneurship model as well. This paper offers a fresh perspective by proposing an Islamic entrepreneurship model with a dual set of pertinent factors. These elements are dissected into two major dimensions referred to as eemaan (faith) and asbaab (means) to encompass the essential factors pertinent to the proposed model in order to offer a comprehensive theoretical underpinning to the concept of Islamic entrepreneurship. The factors in “eemaan” category include Islamic attributes of business and entrepreneurs like taqwa, tawakkal, abidance to halal and haraam, and interest-free dealings among others; whereas the factors discussed under the category of “asbaab” factors include contemporary business essentials and generic qualities of entrepreneurs including creativity, innovation, business structure, objectives, and operations to name a few. The model expounded in this study is actually hinged upon the premise that Islam is a complete code of life and hence provides a concrete and clear pathway to success not only in this world but also in the world-hereafter. The Islamic ideology which in fact transcends beyond the attainment of business profits focuses on the attainment of “falah” implying ultimate success. The paper endeavors to offer a renewed perspective to the theory of Islamic entrepreneurship by presenting a holistic approach to understand various aspects of Islamic entrepreneurship by consolidating both the dimensions of deen and dunya in order to successfully achieve falah which is the basis of dual motive of attaining goodness and prosperity in both worlds in the context of Islamic entrepreneurial perspective.

Approaching the role of innovation, education and multiplicity of context in sustainable and female entrepreneurship

Objective: This study provides detailed analyses of the theory of female entrepreneurship and the theory of sustainable entrepreneurship. These analyses focus on the concepts both separately and in conjunction. The study aims to uncover the linkages and the principal factors between the two terms such as innovation and education. Methodology: First, a literature review is provided. Then, we conduct a descriptive and co-occurrence analysis of the intersection between female and sustainable entrepreneurship concepts. Results: Our research sheds light on the link between women entrepreneurship and sustainable entrepreneurship and identifies the key constructs that influence this correlation. Innovation and education are outlined as crucial terms. Finally, the study confirms the relationship between female entrepreneurship and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Limitations: While our study highlights crucial elements, it does not provide visibility to all possible relevant factors affecting female and sustainable entrepreneurship.Practical implications: Implications for fostering development for female and sustainable entrepreneurship are presented. The study also shows the importance of measuring the impact of women entrepreneurs’ sustainable spirit on SDGs 4, 5 and 8.

COMPREHENSIVE EXAMINATION ON INTENTIONS OF STUDENTS IN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP

The capacity to affect change on a local and global scale about a range of political, social, environmental, and economic challenges is known as social entrepreneurship (SE). Young exposure to theory and practice of social entrepreneurship at postsecondary educational institutions is thought to influence this change. In this study, we examine the intentions of students in social entrepreneurship. This study's objective is to assess the degrees of social and entrepreneurial entrepreneurship. For the study, 150 college students served as the sample. This study examines empathy, moral duty, social support, self-efficacy, social impact, and educational level as principal motivators for social entrepreneurship intentions. The SPSS is a software program used to analyse the data and perform statistical analyses. The findings indicate that the only factors that were statistically correlated with the desire to engage in social entrepreneurship were empathy, self-efficacy, and psychological support. The association between social support and the ambitions for social entrepreneurship was shown to be unfavourable. In conclusion, the study provides insightful information for practitioners and educators who aim to foster a vibrant environment for student social entrepreneurship.

An Investigation of the Mechanisms of Technology Transfer and Automation in Universities: A Case Study on Promoting Entrepreneurship and Startup Ecosystems at Bangladesh Open University

This study conducts a thorough analysis of the processes involved in technology transfer, automation, and entrepreneurship at Bangladesh Open University (BOU), using a qualitative research methodology. The study utilizes thematic analysis, supported by NVivo, to extract valuable insights from interviews with 30 important stakeholders, including academics, students, and administrators. The results indicate moderate achievements in the transfer of technology, characterized by difficulties in commercializing university research and developing robust industry connections. Within the field of automation, the study emphasizes the important role it plays in improving access to education, while also acknowledging the difficulties created by limited digital skills and unequal distribution of resources. The expansion of the entrepreneurship ecosystem at BOU is clearly visible, but, it is limited by a requirement for stronger support systems, namely in the areas of mentorship and funding. These qualitative views provide a detailed and subtle viewpoint on how BOU aligns with or deviates from well-known ideas like the Triple Helix Model and Academic Entrepreneurship Theory. They emphasize the distinct problems and opportunities that arise in an open university environment. The study’s results make significant contributions to scholarly discussions, highlighting the importance of customized approaches in incorporating technology and fostering entrepreneurial growth in higher education, particularly in the context of developing nations.

Analysis of the importance of business model and business plan in the process of entrepreneurship: Taking college students entrepreneurship as an example

This article explores in-depth entrepreneurship, focusing on business models and business plans. Taking the difficulties and challenges faced by college students as an example, it analyzes the importance of business model innovation to entrepreneurial enterprises and its key role in market competition. The article first summarizes the concept of entrepreneurship and the problems it faces, and then introduces the business model and its application in entrepreneurship, the definition and components of the business plan, and how to make an effective business plan according to market demand, technology trends, and the competitive environment. This paper points out that a successful business model needs to be closely combined with market positioning, product strategy, marketing means, profit model, and other elements, and the formulation of a business plan requires rigorous steps. The study has concluded that the business model is the core of the business plan, and the plan is the specific implementation of the model. The two need to adjust to each other and jointly determine the success of the enterprise. The future development trend of the business model and business plan is the trend of digitalization and intelligence, personalization and customization, flexibility, and adaptability. This paper puts forward suggestions for entrepreneurs represented by college students: an in-depth understanding of market and customer needs, the need to maintain innovative thinking, the feasibility of a socialist plan, etc., thus improving the success rate of entrepreneurship. This paper enriches the relevant theories of entrepreneurship, lays the foundation for in-depth research, and has certain theoretical significance.

The growth potential of Palestinian family businesses: immigrant versus home-country entrepreneurship

PurposeThis project aims to examine how entrepreneurial orientation and succession planning among Palestinian family businesses positively affects their associated growth potential, considering the mediating role of innovation and the moderation effect of geographic location. Leveraging ethnic entrepreneurship theory, the authors compare these types of enterprises in the USA with their counterparts in Palestine.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional quantitative research analyzes data collected from October through December 2022. 180 Palestinian family-owned firms completed a survey; 90 companies were located in Palestine, while the other 90 were in the USA. Structural equation modeling analysis was conducted using Smart-PLS4. The interrelations of the conceptual framework were examined via path analysis and bootstrapping techniques.FindingsThe authors found a statistically significant positive effect of entrepreneurial orientation on Palestinian family business growth; the authors’ results concurrently indicated succession planning did not affect growth within the authors’ selected population. The authors also discovered innovation mediates the relationship between orientation and growth, and business location appears to moderate this relationship. The authors’ research indicates geography appears to favor Palestinian family-owned companies in the USA, where the authors found opportunity-driven immigrant entrepreneurs benefit from the structured business systems in a highly-developed country.Originality/valueGiven the current situation in Palestine, it is essential to understand the potential contribution that Palestinian family-owned businesses globally can make to reconstruct the country’s local economy. The next few years will be critical in figuring out how innovative thinking can boost the region’s recovery and increase Palestinian-based family companies’ ability to engage in sustainable entrepreneurship with reinvestment support from its diaspora. Therefore, it is important to have research that identifies factors that could improve these businesses’ continued performance and growth potential. This study also aids in further understanding the defining characteristics of Palestinian-owned family firms, enhancing general theories related to entrepreneurship among ethnic and diasporic groups.

PERAN PELATIHAN MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP MINAT MASYARAKAT PEMBAYAR PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR PASCA PANDEMI DI NUSA PENIDA KLUNGKUNG BALI

This study aims to examine the role of training, work motivation and service quality on people's interest in paying motorized vehicle taxes in Nusa Penida Klungkung Bali after the pandemic. Using human resource theory and applied theory of human resource competence, motivation and entrepreneurship. Qualitative research methods using a questionnaire with 75 samples and four hypotheses assisted by data processing using SPSS version 24. The results of the study obtained 1. Work motivation has a positive and not insignificant effect on people's interest in paying taxes. 2. Quality of service has no significant effect on people's interest in paying taxes, 3 Training variables mediate work motivation and service quality on people's interest in paying taxes, 4. Path analysis shows that there is a direct influence between the variables Work Motivation, Service Quality and Training on Community Interests Paying taxes produces a low direct effect on people's interest in paying taxes and an indirect effect between the Effect of Work Motivation through Training on people's interest in paying moderate or moderate taxes. The implications of the influence of Work Motivation, Quality of Service and Training on Public Interests to Pay Taxes are lower and are more influenced by other factors

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Business: Towards a Strategic Human Resource Management Framework

AbstractAs businesses and society navigate the potentials of generative artificial intelligence (GAI), the integration of these technologies introduces unique challenges and opportunities for human resources, requiring a re‐evaluation of human resource management (HRM) frameworks. The existing frameworks may often fall short of capturing the novel attributes, complexities and impacts of GAI on workforce dynamics and organizational operations. This paper proposes a strategic HRM framework, underpinned by the theory of institutional entrepreneurship for sustainable organizations, for integrating GAI within HRM practices to boost operational efficiency, foster innovation and secure a competitive advantage through responsible practices and workforce development. Central to this framework is the alignment with existing business objectives, seizing opportunities, strategic resource assessment and orchestration, re‐institutionalization, realignment and embracing a culture of continuous learning and adaptation. This approach provides a detailed roadmap for organizations to navigate successfully the complexities of a GAI‐enhanced business environment. Additionally, this paper significantly contributes to the theoretical discourse by bridging the gap between HRM and GAI adoption, the proposed framework accounting for GAI–human capital symbiosis, setting the stage for future research to empirically test its applicability, explore its implications on HRM practices and understand its broader economic and societal consequences through diverse multi‐disciplinary and multi‐level research methodologies.

Cross-cultural arbitrage through acculturation: the opportunity lens of transnational entrepreneurs

PurposeThis study aims to integrate entrepreneurship theories and acculturation perspectives into a unified lens to understand opportunity development by transnational entrepreneurs (TNEs).Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a conceptual method, considering how acculturation strategies of TNEs influence cross-cultural arbitrage.FindingsWe develop six propositions that define how acculturation strategies relate to different levels of cultural embeddedness of transnational entrepreneurs and ultimately influence the process by which the entrepreneur engages in cross-cultural arbitrage.Originality/valueWe are one of the first to integrate the sociology of immigrants with entrepreneurship to better understand how TNEs engage in cross-cultural arbitrage.

JOB CREATORS OF FRESH GRADUATES IN TECHNICAL INSTITUTIONS

Objective: The main objective of this research is to explore the elements of technical graduates who want to create their own jobs after graduated. Theoretical Framework: The study aims to list down the elements of technical graduates who want to create their own jobs using Delphi Technique. Kajian ini menggunakan Entrepreneurship Theory, Supply and Demand Theory, Human Capital Theory, Innovation Theory dan Structural Unemployment Theory sebagai asas dalam pembangunan kerangka tersebut. Design/Methodology/Approaches: This study uses primary data where elements are obtained from articles, journals, books related to entrepreneurship, career, and employability. The approach used in this study is quantitative and the Delphi Technique has been applied in collecting and validating the collected elements. The quantitative approach used is to use a cross-sectional survey design where a set of questionnaires has been distributed to 331 graduates in technical fields in Malaysia to answer the main purpose of the study which is to identify students' perceptions of 17 elements that have been confirmed by experts and to find if there are a significant relationship between parents' occupational background to these 17 confirmed elements among students. Findings: The data obtained was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis, which is Mean, Median, Interquartile Range and Standard Deviation to answer each stated research objective. Overall, technical graduates have an average perception of the elements of creating a job. They lack this element in themselves as a job creator. The conclusion of this research, it is hoped that the interest groups involved in curriculum development, the administrators as well as the students themselves can improve themselves with skills and business knowledge so that the spirit of entrepreneurship increases among students and at the same time can reduce the unemployment rate and matching in the job and the business field that is engaged with the field that have been studied in institution. Originality/Value: This study is more relevant and practically applied to education institutions who want to offer new programs to graduates and create courses or programs related to student competence.

ARCHDIOCESE OF JAKARTA: AN ANALYSIS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL PROACTIVENESS AND RISK TAKING

The Archdiocese of Jakarta, Indonesia's oldest diocese with a dynamic megapolitan population, must be proactive and willing to take risks in order to meet the needs of Catholics and fulfill its mission to the general public. With 37 parishes and a diverse parishioner population, Catholic priests encounter a variety of problems in carrying out the church's mission. A proactive approach and the willingness to take risks can boost organizational success. There has been no previous research on the Roman Catholic church with the concept of entrepreneurship, hence this study fills a research gap in terms of entrepreneurship theory and context in religious organizations. Using the framework of entrepreneurial proactiveness and entrepreneurial risk taking, in-depth interviews with 19 parish priests revealed that 19 parish priests applied entrepreneurial concepts to their ministry work. This study adds to the academic side of entrepreneurship in the context of religious non-profit organizations and offers practical guidance to NPO managers who are in a similar scenario.

A Theory of Minority Entrepreneurship

Since different racial and ethnic groups experience different entrepreneurial outcomes, we need to develop an explanation for these differences as a foundation for overcoming them. Early analyses of entrepreneurship by Cantillon, Turgot, Smith, Say are applied to problems of minority entrepreneurship. Menger, Schumpeter, and Kirzner provided the most modern and complete treatments, but entrepreneurship’s multifaceted nature makes it difficult to incorporate into formal models. Segmented markets and preferred habitat theories drawn from financial economics are applied to address special issues confronting minority entrepreneurs and suggest how they might inform public policy. Because policy implications are suggested, it is hoped that this paper may contribute to a constructive conversation on opportunities to encourage entrepreneurship and advance minority communities.

기업가정신 이론과 연구 프로그램

Entrepreneurship has been attained the legitimacy and growth for the proactive engagement of diverse fields. Entrepreneurship theories encompass various aspects of complex phenomenon. However, the theoretical development is weak to explain the complex phenomenon to use in the field(Who cares?). Startup and Scale entrepreneurship are distinctive from ordinary administration for the uncertainty, innovation, and unknown market. The entrepreneurial process has ‘emerged’ from complex and particular reality and human conditions. So we have research opportunities for further theoretical development including meta theorizing according to the Academic Progress Taxonomy(APT). The APT has TREE category(Theory building, Research methods, Exemplar, Evidence). Entrepreneurship inherited multi-disciplinary theoretical resources and challenges to figure out the meta-theory. With more integrative and extendable meta-theory, we could taste salt of ocean is emergence based on entrepreneurity. An integrative multi-layered framework is an emergence-based meta-theory: COSANE (Customer, Organizational, Social, Natural, Economic) value layer above the Scale-up layer(Opportunities, Competence, Ecosystem, Advancement, and Network) and Startup layer(Orientation, Cognition, Entrepreneurity, Action, Novelty) layer. Research programs are proposed according to the OCEANS framework with vertical(upward/downard) and horizontal causation and new combinations of research methods. More research agendas are discussed.