Entrepreneurial Culture Research Articles

The role of entrepreneurship policy and culture in transitional routes from entrepreneurial intention to job creation: a moderated mediation model

It has long been assumed that entrepreneurship has significant social and economic benefits, including the creation of jobs. Based on the literature, however, small businesses have often had difficulty expanding to recruit and even surviving due to their plight. In spite of this, little is known about how institutional factors facilitate and constrain the path from entrepreneurial intention to create jobs. Therefore, we develop and test a moderated mediation model to examine how the government's policymaking and national entrepreneurship culture regulate entrepreneurship-based job creation. With the Adult population survey and the National expert survey of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), this study compiled 417 observations from 39 European and North American countries between 2002 and 2020. We prove the partial mediation effect of entrepreneurial behaviour on the relationship between individuals' entrepreneurial intention and job creation. The findings of our study suggest that institutional changes should be mobilised to relieve the pressures on small business owners instead of residing on size-neutral approaches. Furthermore, a progressive, contextually based entrepreneurial culture serves as a critical stimulant to the growth of latent entrepreneurs and early-stage start-ups. Therefore, the study not only describes a new path that underpins entrepreneurship-based job creation, but also highlights a new motive for necessary institutional change.

Entrepreneurial Initiatives, Education and Culture: Hubs for Enterprise Innovations and Economic Development

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of entrepreneurial initiatives, entrepreneurial education, and entrepreneurial culture on enterprise innovation and economic development. The research was driven by the fact that entrepreneurship is a remarkable force which drives the enterprise growth, societal development, and economic development of a nation. The research adopted the social exchange theory and the economic theory as the basis of the literature. Primary data were used, collected from people engaged in entrepreneurship in Russia. The study used quantitative research method, where empirical data were analyzed using Structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings of the study indicated that entrepreneurship initiatives, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurship culture have a significant effect on enterprise innovation. However, only entrepreneurship culture was found to have a direct effect on economic development, but entrepreneurial education and initiatives have indirect effects through enterprise innovation. Enterprise innovation was found to have significant effect on economic development. The research recommended that stakeholder should emphasize creating an entrepreneurial culture to encourage enterprise innovation and economic development. The search also advocates for providing entrepreneurs with the resources, support, and incentives to start businesses in addition to adopting policies that enable and facilitate enterprise innovation, both domestically and internationally, to boost their economic development.

Place in Entrepreneurial Storytelling: A Study of Cultural Entrepreneurship in a Deprived Context

AbstractWe extend the cultural entrepreneurship perspective by investigating how entrepreneurs in deprived contexts gain legitimacy by leveraging proprietary and public places in their entrepreneurial storytelling. Inspired by the sociology of place, we present a longitudinal study of ten new venture journeys over four years in Kasoa, Ghana. We identify three distinct ways places are used in entrepreneurial narratives: projective significance of place, connective significance of place, and authoritative significance of place. We show how impoverished entrepreneurs construct and communicate places in diverse ways, not only as locations, but also as material and symbolic resources that provide legitimacy for their venturing activities. Drawing from our findings, we generate a model of place‐based cultural entrepreneurship and elaborate place as a central resource in cultural entrepreneurship and new venture creation in deprived contexts.

From adaptive capability to entrepreneurial orientation: the mediating role of network capabilities in the context of SMEs. Findings from SEM and fsQCA

AbstractTo develop entrepreneurial orientation (EO), small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) need to possess managerial and organizational capabilities. In this paper, we posit that adaptive capabilities (AC) and network capabilities (NCs) are assets that allow an SME to distinguish itself and establish an entrepreneurial culture. We investigate the direct effect of AC on EO. Furthermore, we consider the mediating effect of NCs on the AC–EO relationship. The results show that a high level of AC fosters EO. In addition, NCs are shown to be influenced mainly by the SME's ability to cope with change and build relationships with external partners to detect entrepreneurial opportunities.

Sustainable Development and Saudi Vision 2030: Entrepreneurial Orientation of Students Toward E-Businesses and Proposed Model of “Virtual Business Incubator” for SEU

This study aims to explore Saudi students’ entrepreneurial orientation (EO) toward e-businesses in the line of achieving the strategic objectives of Saudi Vision 2030. Saudi Vision 2030 (hereafter, Vision 2030) is a strategic framework to attain the sustainable development of Saudi Arabia. It was first announced by Crown Prince Mohammad bin Salman in April 2016. Authors have proposed a Saudi Vision Linkages Model to show the role and importance of university education (UE) and entrepreneurial culture in fulfilling the specific requirements of the Saudi labor market to attain the ultimate strategic objectives of Vision 2030. The authors also proposed a conceptual model of the study to depict the relationships of EO with their entrepreneurial intention toward online businesses (e-EI). The study used a multidimensional model of the EO where three subdimensions, namely risk-taking propensities (RTP), innovativeness (INV), and pro-activeness (P-ACT), are used. The conceptual model of the study also shows UE and gender (GEN) as moderating variables. The authors used convenience sampling to collect cross-sectional data and conducted an online survey among the students at Saudi Electronic University (SEU) using a 5-point Likert-type scale to collect the data through a questionnaire, observing a total of 17 items and 408 filled questionnaires were received. Authors proposed six hypotheses where four hypotheses build the direct relations, namely, RTP (H1), INV (H2), P-ACT (H3), and UE (H4) with e-EI and hypotheses H5 and H6 are further divided into the subhypotheses, respectively, in H5a, H5b, H5c and H6a, H6b, H6c to show the moderating effect of UE (H5) and GEN (H6). SmartPLS 4.0 software is used to apply structural equation modeling for the analysis of data. Reliability, composite validity, discriminant validity, and model-fit indices of the measurement model are assessed before running a bootstrapping to measure the significance and standardized β estimates of the paths of hypotheses (structural model analysis). After analyzing the results, in the suggestions section, the authors have suggested that the university build a university business incubator for the students to promote entrepreneurial activities on all the campuses with a head office in the Riyadh campus.

Entrepreneurship Ecosystem: Entrepreneurship Culture, Government policy and Development of Entrepreneurs in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State

This study centered on entrepreneurship ecosystem and development of business entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis of Akwa Ibom State. The study specifically sought to examine the relationship between entrepreneurial culture, government policy and development of entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis. Using a Survey research design, 380 respondents were investigated. Findings revealed that entrepreneurship culture has positive and significant relationship with development of business entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis (r = 0.856, p.<0.05); and government policy has a positive and significant relationship with development of business entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis (r = 0.746, p. <0.05). It was concluded that entrepreneurship ecosystem has a positive and significant relationship with the development of business entrepreneurs in Uyo metropolis of Akwa Ibom State. It was recommended that at various homes, colleges and universities, the culture of entrepreneurship should be encouraged as this will help to create healthy entrepreneurship culture among individuals and the state government, through various agencies, should encourage the development of business entrepreneurs through periodic arrangement of entrepreneurship training, seminars and workshops as these measures will help to direct their focus towards the development of entrepreneurship.

An integrated model to study workplace passion and job satisfaction among hotel employees: an emerging market perspective

PurposeThe present study is intended to examine the association between work passion (WP) (obsessive and harmonious) and job satisfaction (JS) of hotel employees in India. It further examines the mediating influence of psychological empowerment (PE) and organizational identification (OI) on the relationship. The study has taken conservation of resources (COR) perspectives to support the association.Design/methodology/approachThis research work has used a time lag survey on a sample of 290 employees belonging to hotels located in four states of India. Structural equation modeling was utilized to test the hypothesized relationship.FindingsResults derived from path analysis proved the hypothesized relationships. OI and PE were found to be the complementary mediators between workplace passion and JS.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was conducted on hotels, the research can be further expanded to other industries. Future research might examine the effect of increased WP, strong organizational identity and increased JS on some of the citizenship behaviors. The present study data were collected using self-report questionnaires; no data were collected to find out whether the passion for work or stronger OI with the hotel is an outcome of some unique initiative taken by their respective hotels.Practical implicationsTop officials can promote entrepreneurial culture, form employee-friendly policies, develop a climate of trust which in return will facilitate the cognitive as well as emotional satisfaction with the organization fostering WP and JS.Originality/valueThe researchers in past have mostly studied the harmonious passion and JS association but there is a dearth of studies exploring the obsessive passion and JS relationship in the Indian context. In addition, associating OI and PE in predicting JS can also add as a unique contribution to the literature.

Which mode of governance for the innovation cities of Moroccan public universities?

AbstractThe project to create innovation cities is part of the national innovation strategy developed since 2009, and of Law No. 01.00 on the organization of higher education which allowed to adopt judicious programs relating to the valorization of research and innovation within the universities. Therefore, to promote the valorization of research and to make society benefit from its results, various initiatives have been initiated. These initiatives gave birth to the Innovation Cities project. This project was designed around the axes of governance, regulatory framework, infrastructure, financing, support, and talent mobilization. Nevertheless, despite the results obtained, in terms of innovation and valorization of scientific research and also in terms of development of the entrepreneurial culture, difficulties hinder the management and governance of these complex ecosystems. As a result, the expected objectives could not be reached. The problematic posed is to question the difficulties encountered which are more related to the lack of adequate governance mode for this kind of structures allowing them to be able to release energies and promote innovation. In which, we will, in the first step, identify the difficulties due to the lack of efficient governance, and in the second step, show the different possible scenarios, proposed within the framework of the European Erasmus+ INSITES project “Institutionalization of Innovation and Knowledge Transfer Structures,” in view of the requirement of the missions of the cities of innovation and of the regulation in force, to implement an enlightened, transparent and quality governance.

From Gung Ho Heroes and Their Tragic Counterparts to Catalyst Characters

The term cultural entrepreneurship is increasingly used in academic research to address the intersection of business developments and creative work. However, the concept itself is disputed. Unpacking varying definitions of the term, this article revisits literature on the topic, searching for the figures of the cultural entrepreneur that scholars create. The article suggests that the literature is dominated by hero figures, who are based on retrospective analyses of successful individuals, and tragic hero figures, who summarize the situation for most self-employed creatives, establishing a bleak outlook. As an alternative, the article suggests seeing cultural entrepreneurs as catalyst figures.

Unlocking the connection between education, entrepreneurial mindset, and social values in entrepreneurial activity development

The Entrepreneurial University constitutes a phenomenon that highlights the prominent roles played by academic organizations as aggregators of capabilities, enabling the establishing of bridges between innovation and Entrepreneurial Ecosystems. This research therefore sets out to analyze the relationship between the Total Early Stage Entrepreneurial Activities of individual graduates and their entrepreneurial attitudes and social values towards entrepreneurship. This applies data sourced from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor report on innovation-driven countries. The main research findings stem from the regression models (Study 1) and fsQCA analysis (Study 2) returning evidence that the likelihood of adult graduates setting up firms or owning young companies rises whenever such individuals deem they hold the knowledge/skills required to start a business. The results also stress the importance of devoting high levels of media attention to entrepreneurship and fostering entrepreneurial cultures capable of fostering economic growth and prosperity. This research makes substantial theoretical contributions to the literature. Firstly, the findings reinforce the applicability and suitability of fsQCA analysis of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. Secondly, this study strengthens the credibility of the Institutional Theory and Theory of Planned Behavior theoretical frameworks, correspondingly lending support to the importance of institutional or organizational factors as determinants of entrepreneurship and the need to focus on the linkage between entrepreneurial attitudes, entrepreneurial intentions, and entrepreneurial behaviors.

The effects of TV content on entrepreneurship: Evidence from German unification

This paper empirically analyzes whether television (TV) can influence individuals’ decisions to start businesses. To identify TV's effects, we rely on a unique quasi-natural experiment related to the division of Germany after WWII until 1990 into West Germany with a free market economy and the socialist East Germany where starting one's own business was not permitted. Despite this division, Western TV was exogeneously available since the 1960s in some, but not all East German regions and conveyed images and attitudes conducive to entrepreneurship. We use both regional-level and geo-referenced individual-level data and show that since starting a business in East Germany became possible thanks to the reunification in 1990, entrepreneurship incidence is higher in East German regions that had Western TV signal. This indicates a first-order effect on directly exposed individuals. We show that this is due to the effects of Western TV on attitudes and value orientations associated with entrepreneurship, particularly independence. We find no indication that the differences in the entrpreneurship incidence of East German regions with and without Western TV disappear. Instead, we find that successive cohorts and descendants of directly exposed individuals who were not directly exposed themselves more frequently wish to become entrepreneurs. The latter findings are consistent with second-order effects due to intergenerational transmission of an entrepreneurial mindset and suggest that a self-sustaining entrepreneurial culture can be formed. This can cause long-lasting differences between treated and non-treated population groups or regions.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Public Management

Entrepreneurship is defined as the generation of a “new or innovative idea”. Innovation is the energy that drives productivity. It is the purpose or reason for any adaptation, improvement or invention, and when successfully applied, is able to transform scarce resources into results. It is known that an entrepreneurial culture in public organizations raises the level of management. The objective of this article is to evaluate the current Brazilian scenario regarding studies that investigate whether entrepreneurship and innovation are capable of transforming the public sector. The methodology used included the search for articles on the Capes journal portal. The results demonstrated the importance of an entrepreneurial profile with the capacity to innovate, with more flexible and creative behavior. They show how leaders can create market opportunities and are able to perfect their actions. It finds that an entrepreneurial culture in public organizations raises the level of management. It was found that in the public sector, at all levels of policy and services there are different forms of innovation including, conceptual, systemic, political, administrative/organizational, in-service products and in service.

Inclusive urban entrepreneurial ecosystem: An exploration of factors affecting organizational ambidexterity

AbstractOne of the main challenges inclusive urban entrepreneurial ecosystems (IUEEs) face is balancing their organizations' two opposing individual and cooperative activities. The closest concept in the management of dual structures is the so‐called organizational ambidexterity (OA). We refer to it as “Individual–Collective Organizational Ambidexterity”. Thus, it is necessary to explore factors affecting the OA of the IUEE's organizations to benefit simultaneously from individual and collective potentials and form successfully. To do so, a model was designed by examining the factors affecting the OA capacity of the IUEE's organizations. The statistical population was organizations involved in the IUEE of 36 cities in Kermanshah province, one of the poorest provinces in IRAN (N = 2041). 328 valid responses were collected as statistical sample based on the sampling table of Krejcie and Morgan (from 1970), and through the proportional stratified sampling method. The main instrument was a questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 26 and Smartpls3 software. The results showed among the factors studied, diversity, learning orientation, and promotion of entrepreneurial culture had a positive and significant effect on OA. Networking capacities and commitment to collaboration in the ecosystem did not significantly affect OA. OA also had a positive and significant effect on the performance of IUEE. The discussion eventually suggests the future directions of the research. The findings of this study can be used to develop IUEEs and achieve entrepreneurial cities.

Review: Shaker Fever: America’s Twentieth-Century Fascination with a Communitarian Sect, by William D. Moore

Review: <i>Shaker Fever: America’s Twentieth-Century Fascination with a Communitarian Sect</i>, by William D. Moore

Denizcilik Üniversitelerinde Girişimcilik Eğitimi

People with entrepreneurial skills and mindset have a great role in stirring the economy and meeting financial, social, and humanitarian needs by taking risks, especially when there is uncertainty. It is vital to take every action to stimulate the entrepreneurial potential of society, to promote entrepreneurial culture, and to have more people with an entrepreneurial mindset and skills. One of these actions is giving entrepreneurial education, especially to the young. On the other hand, there are more chances in some sectors for entrepreneurs to be successful. Maritime is one of these, with its fast development, involvement of people from different backgrounds and cultures in all parts of the world, and multinational, multicultural, and multiregional character in terms of stakeholders. These points make entrepreneurial education in maritime schools an important issue. In this research, entrepreneurial education given in maritime universities, which are referred to as "Blue Universities," was looked into, its strong and weak sides were investigated, and recommendations for its development were given.

Performance space and independent music: The role of cultural entrepreneur in music placemaking in China

The digitalization and platformization of pop music (e.g. Tencent Music Entertainment and Netease Cloud Music in China or Spotify) and gentrification of urban space, not to mention political control, have threatened the survival of independent music in global cities. This paper aims to illustrate how musicians attempt to create music space and continue to incubate new bands and sustain a performance economy in order to perpetuate local creativity and music cultures. We argue that all these efforts are owing to the rise of cultural entrepreneurs in China who attempt to strategize to create a music market and withstand political pressure from the authorities.

Digital Kenya: A Key Driver in Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Higher Education

Higher education institutions must be an integral part of the ecosystem and work closely with all stakeholders to promote entrepreneurship. To create entrepreneurial endeavors that are mutually beneficial and self-sustaining, these systems necessitate a lot of connections among organizations, individuals, and operations. The university setting might be the best place to start to identify potential entrepreneurs who play crucial parts in establishing and maintaining strong entrepreneurship cultures within countries. One of the first stages in Kenya’s new strategy for entrepreneurship growth was the inclusion of entrepreneurship instruction in all technical teacher education institutions in the country. Hence the Ministry of Renew search, Technical Training, and Technology implemented a new policy mandating all technical education participants to accomplish a course in entrepreneurship education. Despite the initiatives, the growth of the Higher Education Entrepreneurship Ecosystem has remained sluggish in the county. But with digital transformation in the country, it was expected this was to act as the key driver in Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Higher Education. The paper aimed at examining how digital transformation is a key driver in Entrepreneurship Ecosystem in Higher Education in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Schumpeter theory of innovation, the theory of change, and the Institutional Theory. The paper used a desk review in-depth desktop review. The findings imply that we are trying to establish how digital transformation triggers the growth of entrepreneurship in higher education.

Digital transformation of Higher Education Institutions

Introduction: Digital Transformation (DT) was accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, since it has intensified the use of digital platforms as a way to avoid crowding of people in physical environments. DT is present in different markets as more population groups have access to the internet. It has been changing consumer preferences and, consequently, consumer decision-making. One of the markets is that of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), which adopt strategic changes to continue reaching the audiences that emerge from online platforms. Objective: We applied the Resource-Based View to identify the strategic resources that Brazilian HEIs have used to promote their digital transformation to the e-learning format. Methodology: Therefore, we proposed a framework using the Design Science Research method. To validate the framework, three stages of interviews were carried out with individuals directly involved with DT, HEI professors, HEI managers and EdTech’s professionals. Results/Conclusion: Our results validated a framework with eight attributes: Effectiveness of Courses, Quality Educational Programs, Training of Professors for e-learning, Appropriate Management System, Active Sales Process, Engagement of Professionals, Technology, Agile Development, and Entrepreneurial Culture.

Changes in Scholars’ Ways of Knowledge Production Shaped by Systematic Measures

This paper considers the role played by systematic measuring in academic conducts. The introduction of entrepreneurial culture into academia fosters competitive atmospheres through its emphasis on personal merit, which entails quantitative performance measurement. As knowledge production is one of scholars’ core missions, this study aims to articulate impacts on ways of knowledge production influenced by environmental factors, comprising measuring instruments, institutional management, funding bodies and state policy. By interviewing 41 scholars in Taiwan and exploring their accounts of academic practices, this paper empirically analyses how knowledge production has been shaped by policy environments. These modifying behaviour patterns include a selection of research topics, a design for research agenda, strategies for grant applications and publications, engendering delicate changes in the epistemic properties of research. From this, it characterizes power relations between researchers, scientific communities and the state in the neoliberal age.

Boosting circular economy via the b-corporation roads. The effect of the entrepreneurial culture and exogenous factors on sustainability performance

The study aims to analyze the role of informal institutions of Circular Economy (CE) as exogenous factors of improving the effectiveness of Benefit Corporation’ model. In detail, leveraging on the institution theoretical framework, it hypothesized that the level of entrepreneurial culture linked to CE at national level has a positive effect on the sustainability performance towards CE of Benefit Corporations. To this end, a sample of 301 Certified Benefit Corporations collected from the B-Lab dataset for the period 2008–2016 and located in eight European countries (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, United Kingdom) has been analysed. The findings show that the informal institutions englobed in the cultural dimensions of a country, with specific regard to the role of the entrepreneurial culture related to the CE, seems to actively stimulates the sustainability performance of Benefit Corporations towards CE, as measured through the B-Impact Assessment Score of the operated by B-Lab. The study provides some important implications for theory and practice. Indeed, it contributes to the literature on institutional theory applied to CE, revealing the effective role of informal institutions for the development of circularity and sustainability performance at firm level in the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Also, the full achievement of the sustainability goals of Benefit Corporations passes also through their strongly commitment towards the CE principles. Further, the incorporation of a culture characterized by high entrepreneurial principles towards CE will likely push individuals to build an entrepreneurial mindset for the effective and sustainable development of Benefit Corporations.