Entrepreneurial Framework Research Articles

Analysis of Systematic Studies in Research Mapping Entrepreneurs in the Metaverse Era

The Metaverse refers to a virtual environment concept that evolves in parallel with the real world, driven by technological advancements. In the present day, the Metaverse functions as a medium for entertainment and an emerging ecosystem where entrepreneurs can innovate and expand their businesses. This study aims to review existing literature on the Metaverse within the entrepreneurship framework and comprehensively analyze its role as a dynamic business platform for entrepreneurs. This research also seeks to map the studies conducted to help researchers and businesses explore and develop the potential of the Metaverse as a future entrepreneurial opportunity. The Metaverse provides opportunities for entrepreneurs to implement innovative promotional strategies in the digital world, which mimic real-world business dynamics. In the context of industry, the Metaverse is increasingly strengthening its position as a new entrepreneurial ecosystem, and some companies have started to utilize it for business expansion. The qualitative method used in this research is a bibliometric technique through the Visualization of Similarities (Vosviewer) application, with the keywords metaverse, entrepreneur, digital, and experience. This research identified 258 articles, which were then analyzed using Vosviewer. The results of this analysis produce a mapping of scientific developments related to the Metaverse and reveal potential future research that can be a reference for researchers in developing research in the entrepreneurship field in the metaverse era.

Measuring Local Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: Insights from Portuguese Sub-Regions

Entrepreneurial Ecosystems (EEs) have gained significant attention from scholars and policymakers, becoming a pivotal framework for understanding entrepreneurship's importance in regional development dynamics. However, existing literature presents several theoretical and empirical gaps, often neglecting a fundamental understanding of the local context. This paper aims to address this void by conducting a quantitative analysis of local EEs, using data from 25 Portuguese sub-regions. Drawing upon established EE theory, the study calculates the Portuguese Local EE Index, comprising 17 indicators and a Penalty for Bottleneck methodology. Correlation and regression analyses shed light on the relationships between local EEs and entrepreneurship outputs and socio-economic indicators. The findings also underscore the critical role of leadership, market demand, and access to financial capital as focal points for tailored policy interventions to address these local bottlenecks. Moreover, the study identifies urban-rural disparities, advocating for policies that bridge geographical divides and unlock the potential of rural entrepreneurship. Furthermore, significant variability is found within each region, highlighting the importance of adopting a local perspective when developing EEs. By advancing our understanding of local EE dynamics, this research contributes to a more nuanced discourse on entrepreneurship and informs evidence-based policymaking aimed at cultivating more vibrant and resilient entrepreneurial economies.

Opportunity Recognition in Digital Entrepreneurship Through Digital Capabilities: A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Entrepreneurship to Achieve SDG

Opportunity Recognition in Digital Entrepreneurship Through Digital Capabilities: A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Entrepreneurship to Achieve SDG

EntrepreEntrepreneurship Knowledge, Challenges, and Sustainable Entrepreneurship Framework for Retirees: A Systematic Reviewneurship Knowledge, Challenges, and Sustainable Entrepreneurship Framework for Retirees: A Systematic Review

EntrepreEntrepreneurship Knowledge, Challenges, and Sustainable Entrepreneurship Framework for Retirees: A Systematic Reviewneurship Knowledge, Challenges, and Sustainable Entrepreneurship Framework for Retirees: A Systematic Review

WOMEN ENTREPRENEURIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ENCOURAGING GOALS ATTAINMENT IN THE SOCIETY

The main drivers of women's entrepreneurship span from entrepreneurial framework conditions, socio-cultural influences, gender-specific challenges, and economic contributions to innovation and sustainability. This paper examines the effects of the above elements on growth, resilience, and sustainability in women-owned enterprises through a thematic analysis of empirical studies that investigate how these different aspects have influenced the development of women-owned enterprises. Some findings also show that women entrepreneurs face specific obstacles in establishing and sustaining enterprises, scaled by constraints in accessing finance, induced biases by gender conditions, and inadequacy in managerial training. However, supportive socio-cultural dynamics, the adoption of digital technologies, and targeted policy frameworks have been imperative to foster entrepreneurial success. This study takes cognizance of the role played by women entrepreneurs from an economic and social perspective. This role was targeted to reduce poverty and enhance community development to strategically achieve both Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 1-(Poverty Reduction) and SDG 8-(Economic Growth). The theoretical framework for the study is ‘social feminist theory’, which postulates that patriarchal structures in society are one of the avenues for unequal distribution of resources, power, and decision-making, thus shaping the female gender's actions in entrepreneurship. The policy recommendations for this study include identifying enhanced financial access, and digital transformation among others.

Configurations of entrepreneurial ecosystems

Entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) are receiving greater attention both in the academic world and in the field of government action. Recently, many studies have used a configuration perspective in the analysis of EEs. However, many of these studies have not specifically addressed whether different EE configurations can produce similar outputs; that is, they do not properly explore the concept of equifinality. Our main purpose was to fill this theoretical and empirical gap by exploring and demonstrating the patterns of performance of EEs (e.g., configurations) along a bundle of entrepreneurial outcome indicators. Using the Entrepreneurship Framework Conditions (EFCs) indicators provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) from 60 countries and applying exploratory factor analysis and cluster analysis, we identified and developed five distinctive EE configurations. Later, by applying analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare these EE configurations across the entrepreneurial outcome indicators, we were able to show distinctive (dis)similarities with respect to the outcome indicators investigated. The results contribute to the understanding that there is not only one type of successful EE. In other words, the equifinality of EEs was empirically evidenced by our analysis. This is a significant theoretical contribution to the field, emphasizing the need for a broader view of how EEs may be configured and denying the relevance of searching for an ideal EE.

CONDITIONS FOR IMPROVING THE FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE POPULATION FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

The article analyzes the priority socio-economic conditions that ensure the improvement of employment forms, and identifies bottlenecks that need to be addressed. Theoretical and practical recommendations on the problem are proposed: supplementing existing research schemes with the principles of innovation, social security and protection of the population; substantiating an interdisciplinary approach to analyzing new forms of employment for sustainable development; using a methodological synthesis of modern theories of state regulation in revealing cause-and-effect relationships between the social policy being pursued and the growth rate of public welfare; developing mechanisms and tools for developing competencies among young people to promote start-ups; developing a legislative framework for social entrepreneurship in the Republic of Belarus; developing and improving integrated management systems based on international standards.

Gen Z’s Digital Literacy in the Development of Proactive Personality: An HR Management Perspective

The digital literacy is required for the efficient functioning of an individual in the digital world. Digital transformation changes people's attitudes and behaviors, strengthening or weakening some of them. The continuous research in this field is justified by the fundamental changes that digitalization is bringing about in the global labor market, professional activities, and work structures. An interesting question is whether digital skills can be helpful in shaping specific attitudes and behaviors of employees as e.g. proactivity. The concept of proactivity is an important phenomenon considered within the framework of corporate entrepreneurship. A proactive organization focuses on seizing opportunities in a competitive market, implementing innovations in practice and managing market expectations. For an organization to be proactive, it is necessary to implement proactivity at all levels of the organizational structure, which may be more effective if we employ employees with a high level of proactive personality. It remains unknown whether digitization is connected with an individual's proactivity. The current study aims to examine the dependency between elements of the digital literacy and the development of proactive personality of young individuals of Gen Z, an attitude that may to emphasize the importance of proactiveness as a desirable feature in the professional life. The research was conducted in the form of a survey using the CAWI method among 370 individuals of Gen Z in Poland in 2024. Regression analysis confirmed a statistically significant dependency between the digital literacy and the proactive personality in the studied group of respondents, however, not all predictors within the model have a positive dependency with the proactive personality. The main limitations of the study are visible in not fully representativeness of the research group, and hence the inability to generalize the conclusions and make certain assumptions regarding the probable use of a proactive personality in the workplace.

Intercultural Experience as a Unique Facilitator of Immigrant Entrepreneurship

ABSTRACTThis study seeks to unpack some underlying factors for immigrant entrepreneurial success. Specifically, we develop an integrative framework for immigrant entrepreneurship utilizing three key pillars or building blocks: home–host cultural asymmetry (related to cultural distance), home–host cultural integration (related to cultural interface), and immigrant entrepreneurship (related to adaptive learning). Through a phenomenon‐driven research approach, our study finds (1) when the home‐cultural heritage and family values interface with host country's cultural values, such interface is likely to have significant effects on the process of immigrant entrepreneurship; (2) immigrant entrepreneurs may go through the same sequential stages of cultural shock and cultural adaptation that other immigrants do; (3) we further find that immigrant entrepreneurs' business success may depend on a process of effective intercultural integration, with the process of intercultural integration that may shape the microfoundations of immigrant entrepreneurship and the choice of entrepreneurial strategy. Our study contributes to the growing research streams on immigrant entrepreneurship: the specific intercultural integration for immigrant entrepreneurship and the unique microfoundations of immigrant entrepreneurship.

Reimagining entrepreneurship in the Anthropocene through a multispecies relations approach

This article extends the entrepreneurship literature by presenting a multispecies lens that attends to the rights, agency, and welfare of nonhumans in the ecological and climate change crises. It responds to calls for rethinking entrepreneurship beyond anthropocentrism, integrating insights from multispecies studies and philosophical ethology. The multispecies lens framework amalgamates humans and nonhumans as equal partners in entrepreneurial endeavors. Based on seven years of field research, including over 200 interviews, participant observation, and archival data, the article uses meta-ethnographic analysis to synthesize findings from four related multispecies studies and develop a line-of-argument analysis. Three themes showcase how multispecies relations can be reconciled in theory and practice: 1) community engagement and environmental education, 2) the interdependency of species through One Welfare, and 3) organizing for intrinsic value over profit. These themes shape the multispecies lens in entrepreneurship framework, offering a foundation for scholars and practitioners to consider nonhumans as equal partners within capitalist endeavors. The article concludes with recommendations for fostering equitable multispecies partnerships in entrepreneurship, if it's not already too late given the dire circumstances of the Anthropocene.

Sustainable entrepreneurship: examining stimulus-organism-response to the nexus of environment, education and motivation

PurposeThe multidimensional decision-making framework of sustainable entrepreneurship affects student behavior in higher education institutions. Thus, the sustainable entrepreneurship environment has long attracted scholars and policymakers. Based on “Stimulus Organism Response (SOR),” this study examines serial mediation of sustainable entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial motivation to link sustainable entrepreneurial environment and intentions. Further, it also explored the moderating role of a sustainable entrepreneurial environment.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 408 students of Indian higher education institutes in NCR using a purposive sampling technique. Smart PLS-SEM was utilized for assessing the structural model, and a goodness-of-fit assessment was done with Amos 22.FindingsThe findings revealed the significant impact of a sustainable entrepreneurial environment on sustainable entrepreneurial education, motivation and sustainable entrepreneurial intentions. Furthermore, sustained entrepreneurial education has the most important influence on student motivation and considerable serial mediation. Also, the moderating role of a sustainable entrepreneurial environment was found to be significant for linkages of entrepreneurial motivation and sustainable entrepreneurial education with sustainable entrepreneurial intentions.Practical implicationsThe study will assist HEIs and scholars in understanding the role of sustainability in entrepreneurial courses to increase student intentions to start sustainable businesses.Social implicationsThis study helps policymakers and HEIs understand what motivates students to pursue sustainable entrepreneurship. This research might improve the well-being of education stakeholders and the community in achieving sustainable development goals.Originality/valueThe study is the first to analyze how sustainable entrepreneurial education and motivation serially mediate the link between a sustainable entrepreneurial environment and aspirations to establish a sustainable business and contribute to the existing literature of SOR from a new perspective.

Online business: ambitious daughters and their suspicious career in China?

Purpose Online business can be an attractive career choice but bears gendered implications under China’s market economy. This study aims to examine how highly educated young women negotiate their career choice of online business, given their enhanced career ambitions and the persisting conservative views of their parents. It is to be examined how these factors interact in shaping women’s strategies and commitment to their nonconventional careers. Design/methodology/approach The study draws on 23 interviews with 18 women involved in online business. The interviews were coded by themes about how women perceive and make career choices to enter online business, the influence of various motivations (e.g., economic security, decency, autonomy and earning potential) and women’s interactions with their parents under gendered social expectations. The study analyzes and categorizes women’s varied strategies and levels of commitment in taking up online business, an attractive but suspicious career for highly educated young women. Findings The study finds that some women chose to conduct online business as a secondary job behind their stable and formal primary job; their compromise under parents’ preferences and social expectations as “compliant daughters,” willingly or forced, coexisted with their persisting interest in online entrepreneurship. Other women, or “self-determined daughters,” embraced online business as their primary job; some benefited from parents’ tolerant views, but others needed to handle the pressure of parental disapproval by hiding or proving their nonconventional career choices worthwhile. Originality/value This study speaks to the gendered opportunity-necessity framework of entrepreneurship by illustrating women’s multiple motivations in China’s market reforms and the rising online entrepreneurship dynamics. The findings contextualize women’s career choices in different family dynamics and suggest how social expectations and gender norms are imposed and transformed, with a focus on the shifting gendered concerns of opportunity, security and decency in an era of digital economy.

Spirituality in social entrepreneurship: an ethical approach to sustainability

Purpose This study aims to present a sustainability framework that advances the conceptual understanding of the role of spirituality in the context of social entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach Through a systematic literature review of spirituality at both the individual and organisational levels, the triple bottom line framework of sustainability, and business ethics, this study offers a sustainability framework for social entrepreneurship. It explains how spirituality at these levels influences various dimensions of social entrepreneurship and helps achieve social, economic, environmental and ethical outcomes. Findings The study proposed that individuals with spiritual practices are more likely to engage in entrepreneurial, social, ethical and environmental orientations, while organisations with spiritual practices are more likely to engage in employee, market and ethical orientations. Spiritual capability can serve as a strategic advantage and contribute to the sustainable development of social enterprises. Originality/value This study makes three significant contributions. First, it presents an emergent framework for integrating spirituality (at both individual and organisational levels) and sustainability within the social entrepreneurship literature, offering implications for both social entrepreneurs and social enterprises. Second, this study proposes incorporating ethics as the fourth dimension of sustainability and argues that spirituality can act as a catalyst for achieving sustainability in social entrepreneurship. Third, this study identifies seven critical dimensions of social entrepreneurship: spiritual capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation, social orientation, environmental orientation, market orientation, ethical orientation and employee orientation, all of which contribute to ethical and sustainable development.

Empowering waqf (Islamic endowment) entrepreneurs: a study of the key motivational factors underlying waqf-based entrepreneurship in Indonesia

PurposeThis study aims to examine the understudied topic of Islamic entrepreneurship by adapting the framework of waqf-based entrepreneurship to identify the crucial factors driving waqf-based entrepreneurs’ motivation.Design/methodology/approachA partial least squares structural equation model was used to validate the hypotheses, and in-depth interviews were conducted to gain deeper insights into the findings.FindingsThe key findings revealed that self-commitment, entrepreneurial skills and family support exert a significant and positive influence on waqfpreneurs’ motivation to engage in waqf-based entrepreneurship, with self-commitment playing a mediating role between self-actualisation and waqfpreneurial motivation. Additionally, the study proposes categorisations of waqfpreneurs based on the volume of waqf funds managed; their capacity to execute waqf-based entrepreneurship; and institutional performance metrics.Research limitations/implicationsThe limited sample size restricts the generalisability of the study. Future research should use a larger sample to generate more broadly applicable results. In addition, the methodology can be replicated in other countries to identify new factors influencing waqfpreneurs’ motivation or to uncover aspects not explored in this research. Future studies could also use qualitative methodologies such as grounded theory, ethnography or case studies. This would allow for a deeper exploration of motivational factors not yet captured, directly from the lived experiences of waqfpreneurs/nazhirs.Practical implicationsThe study provides evidence of the key factors that influence waqf-based entrepreneurship, contributing to the literature on entrepreneurship and waqf. It also offers valuable insights for the government and other stakeholders into strategies to motivate waqf-based entrepreneurs, ultimately fostering the development of waqf assets, value creation and sustainable waqf benefit distribution.Originality/valueThe study aims to address the lack of research on Islamic entrepreneurship by specifically modifying the framework of waqf-based entrepreneurship to investigate the key factors that influence individuals’ motivation to conduct waqf-based entrepreneurship and management activities.

Women in mountain tourism: exploring the links between women tourism entrepreneurship and women empowerment in Hunza Valley

ABSTRACT Tourism entrepreneurship is crucial to boosting household income and fostering gender equality in Pakistan. However, the involvement of women in mountain tourism entrepreneurship remains rather limited. This study examines the experiences of women entrepreneurs in the Hunza Valley of Pakistan, highlighting their transformative journey into the tourism market despite facing various obstacles. Through qualitative research involving 24 women-led tourism enterprises, the study illuminates the positive outcomes these women have achieved, including greater control over finances, enhanced decision-making power, boosted self-confidence, expanded networks, and overall societal empowerment. The study also identifies internal and external constraints faced by these entrepreneurs, emphasising the need for immediate policy interventions to support women's entrepreneurship in the region. Recognising the catalytic role these women play in promoting gender equality and social innovation, the study advocates for greater recognition and appreciation of their contributions to inspire other women in the region. Based on the study's findings, a framework for women's tourism entrepreneurship is proposed, emphasising the potential of such initiatives to empower women, drive social change, and foster gender equality in remote mountain regions.

Entrepreneurial resilience during the time of crises: investigation of ethnic restaurants

ABSTRACT Ethnic restaurants are a significant component of the hospitality and tourism industry. Unlike other entrepreneurial engagements, entrepreneurship in ethnic restaurants follows a different trajectory because of the involvement of individuals from different ethnic backgrounds with an intention to create a unique brand value. Meanwhile, due to the nature and scale of operations (i.e. independent, family-owned, small-scale businesses), evaluating their challenges and entrepreneurial resilience could further enhance our understanding of cultivating a sustainable business environment. Limited resources made these small-scale businesses vulnerable to crises. Using a qualitative approach, this study examined resilience among ethnic restaurant owners through 20 individual interviews. Through the application of Kao’s framework of entrepreneurship, unique themes under entrepreneurship components for ethnic restaurant owners were identified. These findings provide important theoretical and practical implications for promoting a sustainable business environment for ethnic restaurants during crises.

Templatization Without Homogenization: Entrepreneurship Frameworks in Undergraduate Classrooms

Templatization Without Homogenization: Entrepreneurship Frameworks in Undergraduate Classrooms

Exploring the Nexus of Strategic Entrepreneurship Framework

Exploring the Nexus of Strategic Entrepreneurship Framework

Seeking the “best CLCs practice” in China: A case study based on a conceptual framework of education entrepreneurship

AbstractRural adult schools, implemented by Community Learning Centers (CLCs) as part of the Capacity Building Project, face inadequate and irregular funding in China. Moreover, these schools lack technical guidelines for project implementation, posing additional challenges. This study employed the “entrepreneurship‐impact” matrix conceptual framework to conduct a case study and identify best practices related to CLC operation. Revealed through the study is an educational entrepreneurship model for implementing CLC projects. Resources, regulations, and outsider technical support shape educational entrepreneurship, with all factors influencing project implementation through the mediation of entrepreneurship. However, this influence is conditioned by loosened regulation. This study concludes that best practices emerge only when external conditions favor entrepreneurship and suggests that greater attention should be directed toward fostering circumstances conducive to educational entrepreneurship.

Digital Transformation: Framework Development of Tourism Social Entrepreneurship (TSE)

Change that cannot be avoided by organizations or companies is digital transformation or digitization. Digital transformation also cannot be separated from tourism. Tourism Social Entrepreneurship (TSE) is a tourism development strategy that is centered on society/community. The Tourism Social Entrepreneurship (TSE) framework includes natural, building, financial, political, social, cultural and human capital. Digital transformation can effectively promote the sustainability of cultural integration, tourism. which can then be added as a TSE element. Existing research focuses on the role of digital transformation in community development, but not many have examined and incorporated digital transformation as part of change management, within the TSE framework. Considering the development of digitalization in the world of tourism, this study was carried out by integrating the TSE framework with digital transformation through a change management lens. This research uses a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with the PRISMA method. It is hoped that the research results will be a scientific contribution to change management, especially in relation to digital transformation and Tourism Social Entrepreneurship.