Entrepreneurship Centers Research Articles

تعليم ريادة الأعمال مدخلاً لتطوير منظومة التعليم بجامعة کفر الشيخ

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على الأطر النظرية لمفهوم ريادة الأعمال وتعليم ريادة الأعمال، وکذلک تحديد خصائص ووظائف الجامعة فى ضوء مفهوم ريادة الأعمال ، وتحديد أهم متطلبات تعليم ريادة الأعمال بالجامعة لتوضيح ملامح المنظومة التعليمية فى ضوء مفهوم ريادة الأعمال بهدف التوصل إلى وضع تصور مقترح لتفعيل تعليم ريادة الأعمال بمنظومة التعليم بجامعة کفر الشيخ ، واستخدمت الدراسة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الذي لا يقف عند حدود الوصف، وإنما يمتد لتفسير البيانات وتحليلها واستنباط دلالات ذات مغزى منها. وأوصت الدراسة بضرورة: تأسيس مرکز لريادة الأعمال بالجامعة مجهز بکافة الإمکانات التي يتطلبها التعليم الريادي وأنشطته المختلفة. تبنى مفهوم الجامعة الريادية: وهو مفهوم على غرار نموذج الجامعة المنتجة والجامعة المعرفية ، وهذا النموذج لا يتعارض مع أهداف الجامعة ووظائفها وإنما يتعدى إلى ممارسة نشاطات إنتاجية تحقق قيما مضافة للجامعة والطلاب وتزيد من موارد الجامعة وتحقق الشراکة مع المجتمع وتزيد من اتصال الجامعة بالمجتمع المحلى. تفعيل الشراکة مع القطاع الخاص فى مجال ريادة الأعمال : لتحقيق جامعة ريادية، يجب أن تسعى الجامعة لتفعيل المشارکة المجتمعية وتحقيق التعاون والتنسيق بين الجامعة وبين المجتمع وتطبيق نتائج الأبحاث العلمية التى يتم التوصل إليها فى مجال ريادة الأعمال بهدف تحقيق تنمية المجتمع وتطويره: Entrepreneurship education as an introduction to the development of the education system At Kafr El-Sheikh University Study summary The study aimed to identify the theoretical frameworks for the concept of entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education as well as to define the characteristics and functions of the university in the light of the concept of entrepreneurship, and to define the most important requirements for entrepreneurship education at the university to clarify the features of the educational system in the light of the concept of entrepreneurship with the aim of reaching Suggested Perspective vision to activate entrepreneurship education In the education system at Kafr El-Sheikh University. The study used the descriptive analytical method, which does not stop at the boundaries of the description, but extends to the interpretation of data and its analysis and to extract meaningful indications from it. The study recommended that: Establishing a center for entrepreneurship at the university, equipped with all the capabilities required for entrepreneurial education and its various activities. Adopting the concept of an entrepreneurial university: a concept similar to the model of a productive university and a knowledge university. This model does not contradict the goals and functions of the university, but rather extends to productive activities that achieve added values ​​for the university and students, increase the university's resources, achieve partnership with society, and increase the university's connection with the local community. Activate the partnership with the private sector in the field of entrepreneurship: To achieve an entrepreneurial university, the university must strive to activate community participation, achieve cooperation and coordination between the university and the community, and apply the results of scientific research that is reached in the field of entrepreneurship with a view to achieving community development and development.

Influence of Non-Formal Education on Entrepreneurship Skill Development Among Rural Farmers in Ikwerre Local Government Area, Rivers State

The purpose of the article was to determine the influence of non-formal education on entrepreneurship skill development among rural farmers in Ikwerre Local Government Area of Rivers State. The study design was descriptive survey. The target population was six hundred and fifty (650) members of the farmers' co-operative societies in the Ikwerre Local Government Area. The sample size was two hundred (200) farmers purposively selected based on the size of farm holdings. Instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire in a 4-point rating scale of agreement. The instrument was tested using Cronbach Alpha reliability test and was found to be reliable at 0.79. Data collected were analyzed descriptively using mean and standard deviation. The findings showed that community outreach, on-the-job training and co-operative training programmes were veritable tools for rural farmers' entrepreneurship skill development. Hence, the need to situate agricultural entrepreneurship centres in the rural area was recommended.

Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intention of Tarcha Industrial College Students of Dawro Zone

The main objective for this study is to understand how personality trait, social norm financial access, education and training, and government administration affect entrepreneurial intention of college students. Five departments were purposively selected and Stratified sampling technique was employed to draw sample from population for this particular study. The quantitative and qualitative approaches were employed as research design. The study was used both primary and secondary data. The primary data for this study was gathered by distributing 238 survey questionnaires and 226 questionnaires were returned by sample respondents from total number of 590 population of selected TVET Colleges of Dawro Zone, (Tercha industrial College,). The collected data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and multiple regressions. The multiple regression result shows that personality trait, social norm, education and training, financial access and government administration were significantly influence entrepreneurial intention whereas, social norm have no significant relationship with entrepreneurial intention. The finding specifically imply that TVET Colleges are advised to give attention to the impact of educational and training influences and identify the way to enhance students confidence to perform entrepreneurial roles through development of entrepreneurship center and methods of teaching to guides and encourage students to pursue their own ideas. Finally, Ethiopian ministry of education, TVET Agency is expected to look at TVET Competence to improve entrepreneurial intention of the students. Keywords : Entrepreneurial intention, Determinants, Personality trait, Social norm, Education and training, financial access and Government administration. DOI : 10.7176/EJBM/11-34-04 Publication date: December 31 st 2019

Entrepreneurship Development Program in the Higher Education in Indonesia

Since 2012 University of Manado (Unima) collaborates with Humber Business School Canada to develop an applied entrepreneurship education program. This program aims to change the existing entrepreneurship curriculum at University of Manado which has tended to focus on the theory to be more applicative. In addition to changing the curriculum of entrepreneurship courses, a student entrepreneurship center called Unima Humber Entrepreneurship Center (UHEC) is also created that helps entrepreneurial students in extra-curricular form by providing training, seminars and incubation of entrepreneurship, mentoring and coaching clinic, also conducting marketplace or expo. In the period of 2017-2019 Unima received three years grant from Ministry of Research and Higher Education trough Entrepreneurship Development Program. By making use of qualitative approach, this study would like to analyze the impact of the program in the University of Manado. The results showed that more than 900 students applied to be the candidates of the Entrepreneurship Development Program training, 835 students involve in entrepreneurship expos, and 60 form 835 students elected as trainees and they are active in the Entrepreneurship Development training program. Twelve of 60 students now have been released from the business incubator and have been independent business start up. The conclusion of this research is Entrepreneurship Development Program have positive impact in Applied Entrepreneurship Development in Unima.

The Impact of Higher Education on Entrepreneurship and the Innovation Ecosystem: A Case Study in Mexico

Entrepreneurship is recognized as an engine for the economy. However, Latin America must promote higher opportunities for the creation of new businesses, especially for technology-based ventures. In this sense, the Center for Global Innovation and Entrepreneurship (CGIE) of the University of Texas at Austin offers a Master of Science in Technology Commercialization (MCCT) that prepares students with methodologies to promote the creation of new businesses in Mexico. This study aims to know the contribution of training to the creation of new companies, and its role in the innovation and the technology transfer processes, from the viewpoint of the participants. This research presents a case study that analyzes the impact of the MCCT through the analysis of the data of a survey answered by 109 former students of this center. Findings show that the methodologies developed by the MCCT allow the creation of technology-based enterprises and entrepreneurial skills in students. This study presents good practices that can be emulated by other countries in the region, as well as recognizing the great value the role of higher education in creating synergies between actors of the innovation ecosystem that strengthen social and economic growth.

Blockchain: Technological Revolution in Business and Administration

Blockchain is the Technology which allows assets to be transferred from one party to another simultaneously and without needing a third party, guaranteeing utmost security. In addition, it is a multiple global ledgers, shared by all people around the world, which enables them to do all kinds of transactions (Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology Technical Report, 2015) in real time and without falling prey to fraud or manipulation. Besides, it is the biggest data bases, accessible to all people (BigchainDB, 2016) and containing verified assets which can be safely exchanged. Blockchain will have a huge effect on deferent levels, it will change the way all people adopt to deal through decades and threat traditional intermediary parties, on the other side it faces many obstacles stumbling blocks to be fully operated in different fields. This paper try to address the mechanism of blockchain technology, and how it works in simple words, then determine the possible applications of blockchain, and how to make best use of this technology, and finally the threats and challenges of blockchain.

Connecting the CMU Community with PE/VC Data: Positioning CMU Libraries as a Strategic Partner for Entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurial research is quickly becoming one of the major forces on campus at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU). The newly created Swartz Center for Entrepreneurship as well as various classes and programs devoted to innovation in healthcare and technology at the Tepper School of Business and College of Engineering, have created an environment where faculty, students, and staff are encouraged to pursue entrepreneurial projects. As a result, there is an ever increasing demand for private equity (PE) and venture capital (VC) data for benchmarking, competitive intelligence, and startup research. In response to this, our goal is to position CMU Libraries as a strategic partner with those entities on campus that need this data and expertise. This paper will discuss the acquisition of data sources, the development of presentations and workshops on this type of data, and the different groups on campus with whom the libraries collaborate in this space. Next steps include an environmental scan and forming a commercialization team of librarians dedicated to these research efforts.

STRATEGI MELAHIRKAN MAHASISWA PENGUSAHA PEMULA (STUDI KASUS MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH JAKARTA)

Young people begin his/her entrepreneurial through entrepreneurship programs initiated by various institutions so millennials are increasingly aware of entrepreneurship, some have even engaged in a startup business. The big challenge is how to keep the business spirit alive among millennials and how to equip these studentpreneur in solving various challenges in their business so they can survive and succeed. Entreprenurship development program (Program Pengembangan Kewirausahaan/PPK) at Business Incubator and Entrepreneurship Centre (Pusat Inkubator Bisnis dan Kewirausahaan /PIBK) at Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta (UMJ) could answer these challenges. PPK PIBK UMJ collected business proposals from students, selected the business proposals for further funding (these are called tenants), provided the tenants with courses (marketing strategy, finance report and mind set entrepreneurship), monitored omzette and evaluated the productivity of tenants every three months from februari 2017 until januari 2018. Source of PPK PIBK UMJ were funded by Ministry of Research Technology and Higher Education Republic of Indonesia. There were 85 business proposals from UMJ students. 20 proposals were selected as tenants in PPK PIBK UMJ. Of the 20 tenants at the end of 2018, 5 tenants achieved omzette over 5 million IDRs per months with continuous productivity. These 5 tenants were considered as independent startups. In conclusion, PPK PIBK UMJ in 2018 yield 5 independent startups. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, startup business, student preneur, business incubator, tenants, independent startups

A Cross-Disciplinary Entrepreneurship Commercialization Process Model: Learning In Action

This paper will discuss how a multi-disciplinary team of engineering professors, business professors, entrepreneurs and students designed, developed and commercialized a new product related to an underwater submersible vehicle …underwater Robot. A new technology has been designed, developed and prototyped to aid in underwater exploration. The technology developed is a portable, remotely controlled submersible vehicle device capable of capturing high-quality images in depths up to 50 feet. The uniqueness of the new technology is that the device is significantly less expensive, more portable, and easier to deploy than other submersible vehicles on the market. The paper will discuss product design, prototype development, competitive analysis, new market development, marketing strategies, cost analysis, and commercialization. Discussions will center on different cross disciplinary fields of study, such as electrical engineering, civil engineering, manufacturing, market analysis, entrepreneurship and commercialization. The paper will demonstrate the collaboration that occurred between these fields to form a truly interdisciplinary entrepreneurship venture. (Clouse, R. W. Aniello, J., Biernacki, J. 2003). The paper suggests a paradigm change in curricula developed from around subject oriented learning and offers a model of integrated learning beginning with looking at the end product and developing a process and product that can be applied to the open market place….authentic learning. (Creed, C. J., Suuberg, E. M. & Crawford, G. P. 2002; Clouse, R. W. (1994). This project is an extension of the “Learning in Action” process developed by R Wilburn Clouse and Terry Goodin at Vanderbilt University and adapted to include projects from other universities including this product from Western Kentucky University’s electrical engineering department and the Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship. (At the time of development of this project….R. Wilburn Clouse was the Executive Director of the WKU Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship and Stacey Wilson was professor of Electrical Engineering). These two Professor co-directed the grant that developed this project. (Clouse, R. W., Goodin, T., Aniello, J. 2016). A brief discussion of the Learning in Action concept is discussed below followed by the design, development and commercialization of the underwater robot. These discussions illustrate the unconventional thinking that permeated this project development.

Resource adequacy and utilization and teaching and learning effectiveness in Vocational Education Programmes in Nigerian universities

This study has investigated the level of physical facilities adequacy and instructional resources utilization for teaching and learning effectiveness in technical and vocational education and training (TVET) programs. A mixed method design was adopted for the study. A stratified random sampling technique was adopted for the study. A sample of 703 participants, which comprised 85 lecturers and 615 undergraduate students while three Heads of Department were purposively selected from Department of Vocational Education cross Federal Universities in South-South, Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to TVET lecturers and undergraduate students, while Heads of Department were interviewed. Physical facilities, such as, workshops, laboratories, equipment/hand tools, ,entrepreneurship centers, departmental libraries, ICT centers, and lecture rooms, were found to be moderately adequate. Other physical facilities, such as, lecture halls/theater, career counseling centers, lecturers offices, and structures/buildings, were found to be inadequate. However, instructional resources, such as raw materials for practical training, reference books, and course textbooks, were found to be moderately utilized during teaching and learning in TVET program. Other instructional resources, such as general textbooks and academic journals, were found to be rarely utilized during teaching and learning in TVET program. Based on these findings, the authors concluded that the moderate availability and inadequacy of core physical facilities and the rare utilization of instructional resources were attributed to teaching and learning ineffectiveness in TVET programs across Federal Universities in Nigeria, which could further affect students’ self-confidence and self-determination to engage in entrepreneurial career and lifelong learning tasks on graduation. One of the recommendations proffered for the study is that managers of TVET should endeavor to collaborate with other major stakeholders for the provision of funds that would assist in ensuring adequate provision of physical facilities for effective teaching and learning process in TVET programs. Ensuring adequate provision of physical facilities will help in guaranteeing conducive learning environment, which could further help to equip students with requisite skills to engage in entrepreneurial career and lifelong learning on graduation.
 Keywords: Effective teaching and learning, instructional resources utilization, lecturers and students, physical facilities adequacy, technical and vocational education and training;

Indian Universities and Colleges, Where do they Fall Short, with Respect to World Best? Teaching of Research & Innovation Skills in Universities & Colleges is the Major Handicap if India Ignores, Future Generations will not Pardon us

The article presents in brief, an Introspection of higher & technical education in India, vis-a-vis institutions elsewhere ranking high in the world list. Absence of Research and innovation in curriculum of Indian universities & colleges is the major, structural weakness, on account of which they have become godowns, i.e. store houses of old outdated knowledge. They are not the fountain heads of new knowledge and new technology, much needed in competitive world. How do you expect them to teach latest? So thousands of students every year are going abroad to learn latest in higher education. Indian universities and colleges lack infrastructure like B M Naik Founder Principal, SGGS Nanded naikbm@gmail.com innovation centre ,Research Park, start-up centre, incubation centre, entrepreneurship centre, etc. Students are intelligent, hardworking and ambitious who do not want to waste their prime youth in rote learning of unproductive, irrelevant subjects. Today, educated unemployment is a wide spread and serious problem in India. What is wanted is not taught and what is taught is not wanted. Students want to make most of their youthful time to acquire capabilities and become competitive in global market. India in spite of abundant natural resources and brilliant people has remained a developing country with huge population living below poverty line. Purpose of the study is to transform Indian universities and colleges in to world class institutions and make India a developed country by 2022 as declared by government. Suggestions like professors need to be deputed to world best institutions to study their policies and practices, visions and missions are made. No reform in India is more urgent than reform in higher and technical education. This has to be realised, so as to secure the future of young generation.

A case for folletian interventions in public universities

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the ideological impasses between educationally minded faculty and neoliberal oriented university administrators. To bridge and benefit from these two perspectives, Follettian integration is introduced. Specifically, the ensemble learning theory (ELT) and entrepreneurship centers are illustrated as Follettian interventions and their reasons for success are discussed.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is theoretical, but provides ethnographic anecdotes of the problems occurring during the rise of neoliberalism and academic capitalism in the public university. The successful use of the ELT and entrepreneurship centers is likewise explored anecdotally.FindingsThis paper illustrates the benefits of utilizing the ELT and entrepreneurship centers in two different university settings.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the sample sizes of this paper are small, the anecdotal examples provide the basis for reasoning by analogy.Practical implicationsThis work illustrates two possible Follettian interventions that serve as a guide to assist university administrators and faculty to find common ground and better serve students and university communities.Originality/valueThe rise of academic capitalism and neoliberalism has devalued education and resulted in poorer educational outcomes and a modern generation with less intellectual capital. This is one of the first papers to utilize Mary Parker Follett’s theories of education and apply them to the impending identity crisis of the public university. The result is a win-win for both neoliberal administrators and faculty in the face of an impending identity crisis for the public university.

The status of entrepreneurship education in Jordanian universities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the developmental level of entrepreneurship education within the context of Jordanian higher education. The level of development in such education is investigated based on two areas: the educational courses and programs themselves and the formal structures within which they are embedded. Design/methodology/approach The quantitative approach is based on a survey scan of all 29 Jordanian universities, including their course plans, educational programs, departments and centers. A list of entrepreneurship centers, programs and course subjects is provided and analyzed. Findings The main findings of study are: in Jordan, entrepreneurship education is still at an early stage of development, and its offerings are limited to a few courses covering some introductory subjects in small business and entrepreneurship courses. Of the Jordanian universities, one university offers a major educational graduate program in entrepreneurship and 27.5 percent have centers for innovation and entrepreneurship, but lack any entrepreneurship departments. Entrepreneurship education is new in Jordan: the first provided course was a small business management; the first center was established in 2004 and later in 2012, it offered the first educational programs in entrepreneurship. Research implications This paper assists all stakeholders in higher education to build an understanding of the nature of entrepreneurship education in Jordan and supports the design of appropriate strategies for encouraging entrepreneurial subjects to be incorporated into the country’s universities educational programs. Originality/value The value of this study stems from its aim to provide an overview of the status of entrepreneurship education in Jordanian universities. It also makes a contribution to knowledge as the first nationwide study in this context.

The Role of Entrepreneurship Education and University Environment on Entrepreneurial Interest of MBA Students in Saudi Arabia

Entrepreneurship has been recognized as an economic panacea, which engenders employment generation and economic development. This becomes so important at this time when many countries including Saudi Arabia are facing the challenges of unemployment in their economies. Among the goals of Vision 2030 is to reduce unemployment and increase the participation of private sectors in Saudi Arabia. Thus, this paper investigates the role of entrepreneurship education and university environment on entrepreneurial interest among MBA students in Saudi Arabia. The data is obtained from the survey conducted among the MBA students in the College of Business at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University. Using ordered logistic regression model, the results reveal that variables ‘ I have taken entrepreneurship course before (X1)’, ‘Entrepreneurship course has enhanced my practical managerial skills in order to start a new business (X3)’ and ‘The knowledge of entrepreneurship in my university has enabled me to know the actions I need to take to start my own business (X6)’ are statistically significant and have great likelihood of influencing students’ entrepreneurial interest. This study suggests that Saudi government should make entrepreneurship course compulsory for all fields of study as it has a significant impact on the entrepreneurial interest of students as well as challenge the university environment to fully use the entrepreneurship centres within the university to encourage students to engage in entrepreneurship activities right from school. Keywords: Entrepreneurship education; university environment; entrepreneurial interest; MBA students; Saudi Arabia; unemployment; logistic regression. DOI : 10.7176/JESD/10-4-05

A never die entrepreneurial spirit-case of a struggling entrepreneur

New Entrepreneurial ventures whether small or medium, are considered to be the backbone of any country's economy. The creation of new business ventures along with the number of existing high-growth companies is a strong indicator of a nation's present and future economic development. The Entrepreneurship Center at Miami University of Ohio defines entrepreneurship as “Entrepreneurship is the process of identifying, developing and bringing a vision to life. The vision may be an innovative idea, an opportunity or simply a better way to do something. The end result of this process is the creation of a new venture formed under conditions of risk and considerable uncertainty”. There is seeming consensus on the importance of entrepreneurship in ameliorating some socio economic problems especially poverty, unemployment and all sorts of social vices in the society. There is a need to catalyze and scale up and enrich the entrepreneurial ecosystem. An ecosystem is nothing but a system of interconnected stakeholders, institutions and individuals; whose close linkages enable efficient production, diffusion and use of new and economically useful knowledge. We need to create more linkages and strengthen the existing ones, creating a tight mesh. The case mentioned below is of a struggling entrepreneur from Kolhapur, Maharashtra. It highlights his bumpy entrepreneurial journey and his never die entrepreneurial spirit. The case also aims to highlight the importance of nurturing an entrepreneurial mindset in our society which will result in lending a helping hand to startups in their initial leap into the entrepreneurial journey.

The Basic Financial Accounting Knowledge: A Panacea for Successful Entrepreneurship Study, among Postgraduate Students in the University of Ibadan

Entrepreneurship education has the edict to furnish the youth with useful and practical knowledge, Skills (Guatam and Singh, 2015) and focusing on potentials (financial skill, business knowledge, career exploration, community awareness, good relationship and education) that will increase business and entrepreneurial potentials in other to shape up their disposition, philosophy and perception. The financial skill is what the majority of the current students is lacking due to educational background, as the centre is still admitting graduates of different disciples hence, depleting their managerial, academic and entrepreneurial strength. The paper objectives are to; examine the importance of financial accounting knowledge to the entrepreneurial pursuit of the students. Ascertain the effect of financial accounting knowledge on entrepreneurial activities of students at the Centre. And to assess the student’s level of interest in making financial accounting as a required course. The population consists of the second, third and fourth set students of Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovation, with 112 as sample size. The instrument was administered via Whatsapp groups and physical distribution. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between the two hypotheses. It insinuates that financial accounting is important to the entrepreneurial pursuit of the students. Knowledge of financial accounting to be acquired will impact and improve the entrepreneurial activities of students together with other potential skills they have been exposed to. Lastly, the students were firm on making financial accounting a required/compulsory course i.e level of interest in making financial accounting and related courses is high.

Evaluation of the Implementation of Undergraduate General Studies Entrepreneurship Curriculum in Federal Universities in North-Central Geo-Political Zone, Nigeria

The study evaluated the Implementation of Undergraduate Entrepreneurship Curriculum in Federal Universities in North Central Geo-Political Zone, Nigeria. The study was aimed at finding out the level of the implementation of the GST entrepreneurship education in federal universities in Nigeria and how it has equipped the undergraduate students with the necessary entrepreneurship skills that would enable them topractice after graduation. Four research questions and two hypotheses were raised for the study. A cross-sectional survey research design was used for the study. The population of the study constituted of seven federal universities in the study area 14 directors, 49 GST lecturers and 25,087 final year (400 levels) undergraduate students. The sample size of the study consisted of five federal universities, 10 Directors (including five GST Directors & five Entrepreneurship Directors), 29 GST lecturers and 1826 final year (400 levels) undergraduate students using multi-stage sampling technique. The instruments for data collection were structured Undergraduate General Studies Entrepreneurship Curriculum Implementation Questionnaires (UGSECIQ) which were sub-divided into three sections for: directors, lecturers and students. Content validity was established on the questionnaire by three experts, each from Curriculum Studies, Business Management and Measurement and Evaluation from the University of Jos. A reliability coefficient of 0.890, 0.901 and 0.957 for the directors, lecturers and students’ responses respectively were obtained through Cronbach Alpha. The data obtained for the research questions were analysed using mean, standard deviation and simple percentage while chi-square for independent samples and ANOVA were used for testing the hypotheses using SPSS version 21.0. The results of the findings revealed that the implementation process of the undergraduate GST entrepreneurship education was constrained by inadequate funding to procure learning materials and facilities for equipping the entrepreneurship centres of the universities. It was recommended based on the finding that the universities management through the National Universities Commission (NUC) collaborates with Industrial Training Fund (ITF), Petroleum Trust Funds (PTF) and Tertiary Educational Trust Fund (TET-Funds) to accessfunds to sponsor entrepreneurship education programme of the universities. Also, universities management should collaborate with successful private entrepreneurs within its vicinity and outside for sponsorship of entrepreneurship activities in the universities by so doing will reduce underfunding of the programme in the universities.

A Measure of Entrepreneurial Behavior of University Students: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach

Higher education institutions should be able to change the mindset of students who are not only as job seekers, but also job creators especially when educated unemployment in Indonesia increases every year. Entrepreneurship is one solution in tackling unemployment and poverty which will encourage national economic growth. This study examines the effect of self-efficacy and contextual environment on entrepreneurial behavior with entrepreneurial intention as an intervening variable using Theory of Planned Behavior. The subjects of this study were Semarang State University students who owned a business and joined the UNNES Student Entrepreneurship Center (UNSEC) and Himpunan Pengusaha Muda Indonesia Perguruan Tinggi (HIPMI PT) Semarang State University totaling 310 students. The results showed a direct relationship between self-efficacy and contextual environment towards entrepreneurial behavior and indirect relationships through entrepreneurial intentions. It was proved by the moderating role of entrepreneurial intention in facilitating the relationship of self-efficacy and contextual environment to student entrepreneurial behavior in accordance with the Theory of Planned Behavior. Future studies can use elements of social and demographic psychology that are more complete and involve a wider population.

Insights for Shaping Entrepreneurship Education: Evidence from the European Entrepreneurship Centers

The pivotal role of Entrepreneurship centers in the development of Entrepreneurship Education (EE) is receiving more attention. This study aims to open the “black box” of “how, when, why and what” entrepreneurial mindset and competencies in the field of technology entrepreneurship are learned over time in the Entrepreneurship Centers. The study adopts an empirical web-based content analysis of ten entrepreneurship centers in European Universities from seven countries, analyzing 105 curricular and extra-curricular entrepreneurship education programs. This method allows researchers to address generalization bias and to effectuate a cross-case comparison, thus revealing more common patterns regarding the phenomenon. Findings reveal some common pillars of EE as developed within the Entrepreneurship centers in terms of five key dimensions: target audience, learning objectives, entrepreneurship contents, learning pedagogies and stakeholders’ engagement. This analysis provides the basis to introduce a process-based framework for entrepreneurial mindset creation in EE that is organized around four main phases: inspiration, engagement, exploitation and sustainment. The process-based model of EE supports entrepreneurship centers in designing learning initiatives that are aimed to inspire students at all levels of education, young entrepreneurs and start-uppers and scientists in their need to be equipped with an entrepreneurial mindset for technology entrepreneurship. The originality of the paper stands on the “process-based” framework that is proposed that serves as an interactive pathway that dynamically combines the phases toward entrepreneurial venture creation, the entrepreneurial competence level, the entrepreneurial learning strategies and collaboration with the University’s stakeholders’ network toward the achievement of the competence goal.

The Effectiveness of Microenterprise Policies in Chile: The Case of Entrepreneurship Center – ChileCompra

Microenterprise support programs (MESP) have gained popularity as a modern development policy starting in the 1980s, with an increasing number of countries adopting this strategy to enhance economic growth. However, few studies examine the effectiveness of these programs. This paper will evaluate one of these programs, Centros de Emprendimiento ChileCompra in Chile. This initiative consists of centers that provide training to entrepreneurs in business plan development, financing, and taxation to enable greater participation amongst microenterprises in the public procurement market. Using eight years of panel data on program contracts, we assess the impact of ChileCompra’s microenterprise participation component with regards to the share of the total business and the share of revenues. Initial results indicate that the program resulted in an increased share of contracts going to microenterprises at the national level, but that at the local level that results were uneven. In many cases, contrary to the policy’s goals, the share of microenterprises receiving contracts through ChileCompra declined substantially.