Entrepreneurship In Nigeria Research Articles

Barriers to graduate employment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the challenges faced by Nigerian university graduates youths, in finding suitable employment or in embarking on entrepreneurship ventures.Design/methodology/approachThe research investigates the barriers to graduate employment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria starting from the hypothesis that there are other factors besides scarcity of jobs responsible for unemployment in Nigeria. Data from two qualitative research activities were analysed and the results tested, to determine the extent to which the research findings supported the initial hypothesis.FindingsThe findings confirm the researcher’s hypothesis that there are a number of factors, the two main ones being poor government policy and investment in education and low skills and technical incompetence of graduates, which constitute barriers to employment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria.Practical implicationsThe findings are clear on the urgency to revisit the Nigerian education and skills curricula and its capacity to facilitate employment and entrepreneurship, and government policy-making in this regard.Originality/valueThis study bases its recommendations for addressing Nigeria’s high graduate unemployment on empirical direct engagement with the primary stakeholder, that is, the Nigerian graduate. It clearly identifies that it is not merely scarcity of jobs but a myriad of factors requiring the urgent attention of both public and private sectors that constitute barriers to graduate employment and entrepreneurship in Nigeria.

Digital Nomads and the Changing Work Life of Technology Entrepreneurs in Nigeria

Digital Nomads and the Changing Work Life of Technology Entrepreneurs in Nigeria

The Impact of Electronic Banking on the Profitability of Banks: A Case Study of Banks in Ghana

This study investigated the influence of fiscal policy on entrepreneurial growth in Nigeria with the adoption of survey research design which is based on the use of primary source of data involving the use of questionnaires of selected four hundred (400) entrepreneurs in the Lagos state of Nigeria derived from Yaro Yamani's sample size formula. This study employed multiple regression analysis and it was established that fiscal policy ensured the growth of entrepreneurship in Nigeria. This is evidenced in the regression result, R square=.116, which stipulates that about 12% variation in the entrepreneurial growth in Nigeria can be attributed to the combined effect of all the exogenous variables used in this study, while the remaining 88.4% can be attributed to other factors not covered in the study's model.Though this low explanatory power but the result of the regression estimates of model indicated that the coefficient of all the endogenous variables shows both positive and negative evidence from multiple regression analysis, which shows that taxation and public debt has a positive effect on entrepreneurial growth in Nigeria while tax incentives and public/government expenditure has a negative effect on the entrepreneurial growth in Nigeria. This study recommends that tax incentives should be used with care by the government as though may motivate people to create new businesses and to have taxes holidays until such a time when they will be buoyant to do so but reduces government revenue in the short-run. Governments at all levels are also advised to consider taxation which is one of the major tools of fiscal policy, as a veritable tool for financing government expenditure which will in turn aid entrepreneurship growth in Nigeria.

An Institutional Approach to Female Entrepreneurship in Nigeria

With the increase in population and unemployment rates globally, especially in developing countries like Nigeria, the government of most nationals is unable to provide adequate jobs for their teeming population. This study is to ascertain the Institutional Approach to Female entrepreneurship in Nigeria. There are about 37,067,416 micro businesses and 36,994,578 Small and 4,670 Medium Scale businesses respectively in Nigeria (SMEDAN 2010, SMEDAN 2013 & SMEDAN 2015). Female entrepreneurs accounted for ownership of 43.32% of Microenterprises and 22.75% of Small and Medium enterprises respectively (NEPZA 2013). Yet there is no clear Institutional Approach to Female Entrepreneurship in Nigeria. The focus of this article is to explain the reasons for the lack of institutional approach and proffer ways to developing same. This is imperative in order to develop institutional frameworks for providing effective support for female entrepreneurs

Determinants of livelihood choices and artisanal entrepreneurship in Nigeria

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide fresh insights into rural artisanal activities in a developing world context. It highlights key determinants of the decision to engage in an artisanal business and the challenges that impact upon the growth of these activities. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a mix-method research approach to explore a rural setting where most respondents (81 per cent) combine farm and non-farm livelihood activities. Quantitatively, a multi-nominal regression is used to examine the determinants of diversified artisanal livelihoods. It modelled the differences between farming livelihoods that have not diversified, compared to those also involved in the artisanal activity or wage employment and the intensity of participation. Findings The findings show that nearly half of artisanal businesses (45.4 per cent) comprise only the owners and no employee, while 54.6 per cent employ one to three workers. Also, some artisanal ventures were more gender-specific than the gender-neutral activities. Other observations were in age (most artisans were under the age of 46 years) and vocational training (most were self-trained followed by a third receiving training only in specific areas such as technical works, building and construction and general trading apprenticeships). Research limitations/implications The study is based on a relatively small sample size of 306 business owners, which makes it difficult to generalise despite the persuasiveness of the observations made. Practical implications First, the use of econometric methods enabled the development of valid data sets (and various descriptive statistical and logit regression) to analyse determinants of the decision to engage in artisanal work, and the intensity of participation. Second, the ambiguity in categorising artisanal activities is unravelled. The study characterises the local artisanal sector and examines the intensity of participation. Without these, targeted support would remain elusive for practical and policy interventions. Originality/value Artisanal activities constitute a high proportion of small businesses in the study area – with more than half (54.2 per cent) of respondents being classified as artisans, yet it is an overlooked area of entrepreneurship. Highlighted here are both types of activities and challenges regarding better conceptualising the understanding of artisans and regarding this mostly unarticulated base of practice.

Patenting and Technology Entrepreneurship in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Strategic Options

Patenting and Technology Entrepreneurship in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Strategic Options

Niche marketing potentials for farm entrepreneurs in Nigeria

Niche marketing can be a form of diversification and a means to achieving business success in all economic climates-boom, recession and depression. There are several niche marketing potentials farm entrepreneurs can exploit in start-up and existing small and large farm businesses. Dynamic entrepreneurism, and marketing tools and a are important in creating niche market opportunities which can be nurtured to yield the expected success by employing marketing and other appropriate corporate management strategies. In Nigeria, vast niche marketing potential that exists in general farm business, domestic and export markets, processing, product differentiation, organics, and other value addition sought by consumers can be tapped. For the vast majority of the farmers who are not operating farming as a business, intensive step-by-step training in farm business and then entrepreneurship is required for them to understand and imbibe niche marketing. People already in farm business can be further trained in niche aspects of entrepreneurship to enable them create niche markets. The knowledge of the trainers should be continually upgraded to equip them to do so. Government should therefore facilitate the training of extension workers, farmers and business people in this specialized aspect of marketing for the overall good of the participants and the economy. Keywords: Niche, Marketing, Entrepreneurship, Potential, Business

The Impact of Microfinance Bank on Entrepreneurship Development in Nigeria

This study examined the impact of microfinance bank on entrepreneurship development in Anambra State. To achieve the stated objective of the study, three research questions were formulated. The descriptive research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was 734 staff of ten (10) selected entrepreneurial firms in Anambra State. It was impracticable to study the whole population therefore 259 staff was sampled using stratified sampling technique. Out of the 259 copies of the structured questionnaire administered to the respondents, 192 were completed and returned. The data obtained were analyzed using Pearson correlation for hypothesis one and ANOVA for hypotheses 2, and 3 respectively. The findings revealed that microfinance bank impact significantly on the development of entrepreneurship in Nigeria; that there are problems that militate against the effective financing of entrepreneurial businesses in Anambra State. Based on the findings, it was recommended that microfinance bank in Anambra State should be strengthened to embrace entrepreneurship devoid of imitation and vocational inclinations. Also adequate financial, physical and human resources should be provided by various stakeholders not only for potential but also for existing, start-ups and aspiring SMEs.

Business coaching for SME sustainability in Nigeria: a brief review of the literature

Entrepreneurial activities constitute a significant contribution to the economic well-being of developing economies such as Nigeria. However, many of the country's small and medium-sized enterprises do not survive beyond the first five years, and very few eventually grow into maturity. Prior research has underlined the benefits of business coaching to help novice entrepreneurs acquire the necessary technical and managerial skills to see their businesses through the start-up phases. However, precisely how actual business coaching/mentoring can support novice entrepreneurs within the Nigerian context remains an unexplored area of scholarship. Further, there is lack of adequate investigation regarding novice entrepreneurs' experiences with the coach-protege relationship, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. This literature review synthesises the body of knowledge on the study of entrepreneurship in Nigeria, providing a basis for future research on how the coachprotege relationship can be further improved and in turn contribute to entrepreneurship sustainability.

Freelance Librarianship: A Source of Income for Unemployed Library and Information Science Graduates

There is no doubt that information brokering is an emerging profession in Nigeria and other African countries. There is a need for LIS students to develop various ways to become job creators, rather than job seekers, which can be achieved via entrepreneurship. This study discovers how libraries and library and information science graduates can become entrepreneurs in through its service delivery and will also suggest possible recommendations that will help Libraries and information science graduates become entrepreneurs in through its service delivery by revealing the statistical trend of unemployment from 2006-2016, and gives a light on how library and information science can be linked to entrepreneurship. The study also buttresses some opportunities for library and information science graduates in the area of business and entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Conclusively, the study provides prerequisites needed by librarians before freelancing. Recommendations based on universities and librarian’s variables were made on how to create employment for graduates in Nigeria. The study also identified some limitations that can be worked upon in the future.

Macroeconomic Factors and Entrepreneurship in Nigeria


 Provision of conducives environment to enhance the supply and sustainability of entrepreneurs has developed into a field of competition among countries of the world. In this respect, macroeconomic factors such as FBI, technology, power generation, trade openness etc are enhanced to boost entrepreneurship in a country. Thus, this study is designed to investigate the impact of those macroeconomic factors to entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Secondary data from World Bank data bank between 2006-2015 were used for the study and analyzed using STATA package. The Regression output revealed that most Nigerian macroeconomic factors have insignificant impact on the development of entrepreneurship in the country. It was therefore, recommended that, policy makers should pay attention to not only the volume of the macroeconomic factors but also their rhythm with entrepreneurship in the country.

Women’s entrepreneurship in Nigeria : a theoretical rationale

Women’s entrepreneurship in Nigeria : a theoretical rationale

The Role of Entrepreneurial Competencies in Promoting Entrepreneurship in Nigeria: A Study of Practicing Entrepreneurs in Anambra State, Nigeria

This study examined the role of entrepreneurial competencies in promoting entrepreneurship in Nigeria using selected practicing entrepreneurs in Anambra State as case study. The study adopted descriptive survey design. Eight hundred and fifty-one (851) business owners and managers within the defined category were identified. An item structured instrument designed to reflect a likert scale format was used to elicit information from the 272 respondents estimated as the sample through Taro Yameni’s formula for estimating sample size from a finite population. The data generated in the study were analyzed through simple summary statistics of percentages and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). All tests were carried out at 0.05 level of significance. Major findings are that entrepreneurial failures in Nigeria should not be seen only in the area of inadequate access to financial resources, as the entrepreneur also needs to acquire competencies in the areas of time management, communication, marketing, decision making and financial management. In the light of the findings, it was recommended that the government should encourage the entrepreneurs to develop the identified competencies for effective performance in their business among other recommendations. Key Words : entrepreneurial, competencies, entrepreneurship, development, Nigeria

Financial Management Practices and Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Nigeria

Financial Management Practices and Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Nigeria

Induction Strategy of Igbo Entrepreneurs and Micro-Business Success: A Study of Household Equipment Line, Main Market Onitsha, Nigeria

Abstract This work justifies the “Igba-odibo” (Traditional Business School) concept as a business strategy for achieving success in business which is measured through business/opportunity utilization, customer relationship/business networking and capital acquisition for business. It gives the in-depth symbolic interpretation and application of the dependent and independent variables used. The paper extends its discussion on the significance of these business strategies as practised among Igbo entrepreneurs and on how they equip Igbo entrepreneurs to immensely contribute their quotas in the area of developing entrepreneurship in Nigeria in particular and the globe in general. Research questions were formulated to investigate the relationship between business strategy and success. Related literature was reviewed. The study population covers the household equipment line of Main Market Onitsha in Anambra State, Nigeria, which has shop capacities of over five hundred, which were used to assume the population of the study – out of the 300 questionnaires administered to the directors of the business or the Masters/Mistresses, who were the business owners during the study, 180 were returned, 73 were invalid, so the researcher was left with 107 valid questionnaires to work with. The data collected were tested using frequency tables, percentages, Pearson Product-Moment correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The result shows that there is a strong positive relationship between the two variables. The researcher recommends that the government should encourage and strongly support these entrepreneurs by providing loans and adequate infrastructure that aids business.

Potholes and pitfalls: The impact of rural transport on female entrepreneurs in Nigeria

The role of transport in stimulating economic development in developing countries is well documented. However the specific impact of rural transport policy and provision on female entrepreneurs is less well known. Drawing upon the experiences of a group of growth-focused female entrepreneurs receiving support from a national programme, this research explores how they use transport for their business activities, transport barriers that they are subject to and ways in which these barriers are being surmounted. To this end it uses the findings from telephone surveys, supported by in-depth interviews to generate data about their business and transport behaviours. It identifies that many of the women feel that the current transport situation is having a negative impact on the success of their businesses, and has affected their ability to recruit employees, service customers and deliver goods. Whilst the women had a very poor understanding of transport policy, many of them felt that the main issue is the poor quality of the roads. In the short term initiatives to support the specific needs of women would be highly valuable in helping these entrepreneurs to successfully grow their businesses. In the long term a significant amount of investment is required to improve rural transport to meet the needs of female entrepreneurs.

Historical Analysis of Vocational Education in Western Nigeria, 1930s-1960s

This paper examined the evolution and development of vocational education in Nigeria. It is explained as a process towards the attainment of industrialization and entrepreneurship in Nigeria. Before the 1930s, there was little focus on the dissemination of vocational education for development in Nigeria. The findings revealed that training schemes were basically instituted to train manpower to facilitate exportation and generate revenue for the colonial government in Nigeria. The areas of vocational education covered are; agricultural education, textile training, domestic science education, secretarial and management education and so on. The conception of vocational education here is concerned about the types of training given to Nigerians and its impact on sustainable self-employment and industrialization in the postcolonial era. The work adopted a historical approach by using primary and secondary sources.The primary sources were archival materials from the National Archives Ibadan (NAI). The secondary sources are texts related to education and development in Nigeria. It was concluded that modernization is important to improve vocational education for development in Nigeria.Keywords: Vocational education, Development, Training, Education, Entrepreneurship

Conceptual overview of social entrepreneurship and its relevance to Nigeria's third sector

Social entrepreneurship has evolved as an important instrument for achieving measurable and sustainable change in the society. This paper attempts a conceptual overview of the field and its applicability to the third sector in Nigeria. Interview and secondary data sources guided the author to find that there is a dearth of information on social entrepreneurship in Nigeria and a lack of collaboration, partnership and the scalability of innovative solutions to address societal problems. However, the study recommends that the social entrepreneurship ecosystem should be developed and the political institutions recognise and support social entrepreneurs as sustainable positive change agents in the society.

Qualitative exploration of cultural practices inhibiting rural women entrepreneurship development in selected communities in Nigeria

Nigeria is a country with diverse ethnic groups having cultural practices affecting both men and women differently. However, the extent to which the cultural practices have influenced entrepreneurship practices has not been given adequate attention. Therefore, this paper aims at highlighting the cultural practices, their effects on rural women entrepreneurship, the effects of government interventions on rural entrepreneurship, and how the practices can be harnessed to improve rural women entrepreneurship. This study focused on Southeast and Southwest of Nigeria. Qualitative technique with four focus groups and eight case studies was employed. Analysis was supported by ATLAS.ti. The results revealed that most of the women were culturally restricted to engage in certain businesses, while the belief systems/traditional practices inhibited the success of government initiatives. Hence, there is the need for cultural consideration and reorientation of rural communities for successful development of women entrepreneurship in Nigeria.

Entrepreneurial Development Deficiencies in Developing Economies – Nigeria in Focus

Government and private sector agencies have made quality investments in entrepreneurial development in Nigeria. This is inclusive of providing enabling environments. In the presence of these, the rate and level of growth and development in entrepreneurship as factors for social economic macro societal development is still poor. This work with the aid of well structured sets of questionnaires, structured interviews and observations generated and analyzed data based on ‘z’ statistic that show deficiencies in entrepreneurial strive which are development traceable to inadequacy in strategic alliances between existing institutions involved in the development of entrepreneurship in Nigeria. In addition, is absence of quality network for the maximization of economy scale in resource utilization among others? This work thus recommends the establishment of functional institutions based on acceptance policies that encourage education of and among entrepreneurs for specialization and project execution, quality growth in networking among natural and artificial persons involved in the programmes of entrepreneurial development among others. These as recommendations have the capacity of stimulating entrepreneur behaviours for the discovering and satisfying unsatisfied markets even in the face of risks and uncertainties and for entrepreneurial development.