Entrepreneurial Work Research Articles

Review: The Contributions of the Psychology of Entrepreneurial Work to Organizations

Review: The Contributions of the Psychology of Entrepreneurial Work to Organizations

On the Front Line of the Circular Economy: The Entrepreneurial, Identity and Institutional Work of a Female Entrepreneur towards the Circular Transition

This article traces the experiences of Vicky, a female entrepreneur who runs a circular business that produces swim and activewear from regenerated fishing nets. The idea of a circular economy, which moves away from the linear economic model based on a make-use-dispose logic towards the elimination of waste and a sustainable use of the world’s resources, has rapidly gained popularity. Vicky’s story highlights the often overlooked but critical role of small businesses and their owners in this systemic change. Vicky performs three intertwined but distinct forms of work – entrepreneurial work on the business, identity work on the self and institutional work on the wider world – that all contribute to the circular transition. At the same time, Vicky exemplifies an alternative approach to entrepreneurship through a relational interpretation of circularity. Her case draws attention to how the labour of actors in the grassroots propels large-scale transitions.

Some Aspects About Entrepreneurial Skills and Competences Learning

Nowadays, teaching entrepreneurship is important in terms of developing country’s economics and forming entrepreneurial thinking among the society. The difference between entrepreneurial competence and adequacy must be considered, as well as defining entrepreneurial competences as being initiative and stringy. The result of teaching entrepreneurship has two different meanings - it is considered as a skill of leading business, more widely - as a stringiness of an individual. Human is an actualization of civilization, society and historical experience of profession, therefore the process of forming entrepreneurial thinking - universal skill - should be considered through this lens. The Entrepreneurial work is not easy, it demands a purposeful approach, assessment of individual possibilities and skills. Lots of business theorists and practicists still argue about whether it’s possible to teach someone entrepreneurship or not. Everybody agrees that possessing the entrepreneurial skills is very important, but cannot define what it means. The Entrepreneurial thinking can be reviewed as:  The Vivid vision and understanding of life goals - an entrepreneur mostly does what he wants and likes and minimizes almost every unpleasant work.  Desire to work for yourself - strong will to work without dependence on others.  Abillity and desire to take responsibility on his personal life, income and other material pleasures.  Particular attitude towards money - for entrepreneurs, money is not an instrument of fulfilling goals. Therefore, they’re not afraid of investing millions. The Positive perception of the word “investition” - entrepreneur sees investments not as an expense, but as the additional possibility. He knows that he doesn’t waste money in books or trainings, but investing in himself. The ability to gain from every situation - if others are saying that it’s not real, then it’s just an opinion of others. The Entrepreneurs love experiments - he’s open to the new things and possibilities and uses chances. The Entrepreneur is able to find necessary contacts, resources, possibilities fast. Dealing with those who are difficult to be dealt with, to say a firm “no” if he doesn’t agree with something. Developing entrepreneurial thinking is very real and this process should be based on human’s formation into an entrepreneur - if 100,000 is the biggest number for him, then his business will be of this scale. And when he starts thinking with 100 Million categories, the business will profit him accordingly. Keywords: entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial competences, entrepreneurial skills, teaching entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial thinking.

Entrepreneurial Opportunities of Bamboo Base Archery Sports Equipment Production in Manipur: A Case Study

Entrepreneur is a person who accept challenging role to meet personal needs and become economically independent, capable of contributing values in both family and social life. The term “entrepreneur” is defining in a variety of ways and the concept of which is changing from time to time. Kaish and Gilad (1991) defined entrepreneurship as the process of first, discovering, and second acting on a disequilibrium opportunity. Regarded as one of the oldest sporting event, Archery sports have been included in Olympics since the early parts of Modern Olympics. It began to attract young archers in India since 1970's but due to expensiveness, it fails to produce good archers in large number as the cost of one set of FITA bow @ recurve bows ranges from 50,000 to few lakhs. Poor but talented archers cannot afford found good enough learning hands in bamboo bow and arrows that gradually became a good replacement for FITA bow. At this point of time, small scale Entrepreneurial works of Entrepreneurs in Archery Sports Equipment Production become a necessity

Entrepreneurial career persistence of hybrid entrepreneurs: The opposing moderating roles of wage work-to-entrepreneurship enrichment and entrepreneurship-to-wage work enrichment

Hybrid entrepreneurs are individuals who are employees and entrepreneurs at the same time. In their quest to make their businesses successful, they commonly encounter challenges and adversities. This makes entrepreneurial persistence a key factor in the success of hybrid entrepreneurs. Drawing on social cognitive theory, the hybrid entrepreneurship context, and the perspective of person–environment fit, we developed a moderated mediation model in which person–venture fit, needs–venture supplies fit, and venture demands–abilities fit are associated with entrepreneurial persistence through entrepreneurial self-efficacy. We proposed that these indirect effects are conditional on wage work-to-entrepreneurship enrichment (WE enrichment) (the skills and experiences transferred to entrepreneurial work from wage work) and its converse, i.e., entrepreneurship-to-wage work enrichment (EW enrichment). Based on a sample of 279 hybrid entrepreneurs, we found support for the moderated mediation model, in which the positive effects of fit perceptions on entrepreneurial persistence via entrepreneurial self-efficacy were stronger for hybrid entrepreneurs reporting higher levels of WE enrichment. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Crystallization of Santri's Religious Attitudes through the Pesantren Cultural Process

Each pesantren culture has a unique variation in shaping the religious attitudes of students, this problem was initially caused by the weakness of the pesantren culture which caused the moral decadence of students, so that the process of pesantren culture had to be strengthened. This type of research uses qualitative field research with descriptive methods and data collection techniques using interviews, documentation, and observation. The results of this study explain the cultural process of the modern Al-Aqsho Islamic boarding school, Sumedang Regency, consisting of religious socialization, modernity, moderation, adaptation emphasizing modern life systems, habituation which is applied more to the habituation of the grantor system and enculturation showing modern pesantren culture. Meanwhile, the cultural process of Al-Ittifaq Islamic Boarding School in Bandung Regency consists of religious socialization, entrepreneurship, and society, adaptation emphasizing the adaptation of religious experiences, adaptation highlighting the social life system of the community, adaptation to the entrepreneurial work environment, habituation applied to the religious system, community and entrepreneurship and enculturation shown religious agribusiness pesantren culture.

Crystallization of Santri's Religious Attitudes through the Pesantren Cultural Process

Each pesantren culture has a unique variation in shaping the religious attitudes of students, this problem was initially caused by the weakness of the pesantren culture which caused the moral decadence of students, so that the process of pesantren culture had to be strengthened. This type of research uses qualitative field research with descriptive methods and data collection techniques using interviews, documentation, and observation. The results of this study explain the cultural process of the modern Al-Aqsho Islamic boarding school, Sumedang Regency, consisting of religious socialization, modernity, moderation, adaptation emphasizing modern life systems, habituation which is applied more to the habituation of the grantor system and enculturation showing modern pesantren culture. Meanwhile, the cultural process of Al-Ittifaq Islamic Boarding School in Bandung Regency consists of religious socialization, entrepreneurship, and society, adaptation emphasizing the adaptation of religious experiences, adaptation highlighting the social life system of the community, adaptation to the entrepreneurial work environment, habituation applied to the religious system, community and entrepreneurship and enculturation shown religious agribusiness pesantren culture.

Crystallization of Santeri's Religious Attitudes through the Boarding Cultural Process

Each Boarding culture has a unique variation in shaping the religious attitudes of students. This problem was initially caused by the weakness of the Boarding culture, which caused the moral decadence of students so that the process of Boarding culture had to be strengthened. This type of research uses qualitative field research with descriptive methods and data collection techniques using interviews, documentation, and observation. This study explains the cultural process of the modern Al-Aqsho Islamic boarding school, Sumedang Regency, consisting of religious socialization, modernity, moderation, adaptation emphasizing modern life systems, habituation which is applied more to the habituation of the grantor system, and enculturation showing modern Boarding culture. Meanwhile, the cultural process of Al-Ittifaq Islamic Boarding School in Bandung Regency consists of religious socialization, entrepreneurship, and society, adaptation emphasizing the adaptation of spiritual experiences, adaptation highlighting the social life system of the community, adaptation to the entrepreneurial work environment, habituation applied to the religious method, community and entrepreneurship and enculturation shown religious agribusiness Boarding culture.

The Australian Government’s business-friendly employment response to COVID-19: A critical discourse analysis

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic has created economic crises and considerable loss of employment throughout the world. In the Australian context, social distancing restrictions and business closures contributed to a dramatic increase in unemployment, with 780,000 people losing work within weeks of the first COVID-19 outbreaks. Job losses were concentrated in casualised industries such as retail, recreation, arts and culture, hospitality, and accommodation. We examine policy discourses framing independent work, entrepreneurial workers and flexible work relations as essential for ‘economic recovery’, where this means business flexibility, productivity and future economic prosperity. We draw on these framings to show how the equation of flexible work relations and productivity underpins the Australian Government’s response to unemployment caused by the pandemic, as reflected in policy announcements and proposed changes to industrial relations law. In these proposals, constructions of ‘job creation’ and ‘economic recovery’ rationalise industrial relations changes that further empower business, through conflating public and business interest. At the same time, ensuing labour market deregulation and the changing profile of business renders the very idea of ‘jobs’ tendentious.

Managing Algorithms: partial automation of middle management and its implications for gig worker

Platforms for gig work like Uber advertise their job opportunities as “entrepreneurial work” to potential workers and their company as technologically innovative to potential investors. One of the central features of these platforms is a layer of automated middle management in the form of a coordinating algorithm that interacts with workers completing tasks through the platform. The algorithmic middle management is useful to the platform as a status signaling tool to investors, a cost cutting measure, and a rhetorical tool for separating themselves further from their workforce. In practice, however, algorithms are limited in how well they can coordinate a widespread workforce and the extra management work falls to the workers themselves to manage. Using data from 41 interviews with Uber, Amazon, and Lyft gig workers, we examine the tasks that algorithm completes vs. the middle management tasks that fall to gig workers to complete on their own. We find that “entrepreneurial work” for these gig workers means that they must absorb several types of middle management tasks in addition to the tasks they were explicitly hired to do. Gig workers also bear the costs associated with representing a platform and themselves when there is any contrast between the projected expectations of the customer and the completed service.

The Ethiopian developmental state and struggles over the reproduction of young migrant women’s labor at the Hawassa Industrial Park

ABSTRACT Tens of thousands of young Ethiopian women have migrated from small towns and rural areas to work in the Hawassa Industrial Park (HIP), where working conditions and wages are far below their expectations. Low wages and a high cost of living mean that workers face severe challenges in meeting their basic needs for food and shelter that are necessary for reproducing their own labor. Attention to struggles over the reproduction of migrant women’s labor at the HIP generates insights into the practices of the Ethiopian developmental state. The developmental state actively makes and reproduces cheap labor to attract international capital and support economic growth. The state protects international textile manufacturers from the burden of reproducing the labor that manufacturers rely on for profits. The case of the HIP is a necessary complement to recent scholarship on urban Africa that has focused overwhelmingly on the informal economy. The precarious nature of factory work leads some young women to search out stability with small scale, often informal, entrepreneurial work, a process that disrupts conventional narratives of economic development. The complex relationship between wage labor and self-employment suggests possibilities for pro-poor policies that go beyond reproducing labor for international manufacturers.

Distance Learning and New Forms of Discipline During the Pandemic

In the 19th century, compulsory education was introduced as a means of discipline within a new work ethic formed in the moral discourse of productivity and the state’s preoccupation with increasing profits. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the compulsory schooling of children in Slovenia moved into the homes with the help of distance learning and technological solutions made possible by the digital revolution. As managing the shift to distance learning was left largely up to schools with little support from state structures and since much of the responsibility fell on parents, especially those with younger children, the Minister of Education publicly proclaimed students the corona winners of knowledge, winners of our and future times. Distance learning, however, cannot be considered in isolation as the pandemic changed how we organise all of our daily life. Each in their own way, families were confronted with coordinating their children’s distance learning, family obligations, work, and leisure. By analysing the reorganization of family daily life, the issues of protecting the privacy of students and their families, and the functioning of online market mechanisms, the paper presents distance learning as a new form of disciplining children between entrepreneurial work ethics, digitalisation, and biopolitics.

Congresswomen, Legislative Entrepreneurship, and the Basis for Effective Legislating in the U.S. House, 1973–2008

AbstractResearch indicates that congresswomen are more effective at moving bills through the lawmaking process than their male counterparts. To investigate why, we discuss what legislative entrepreneurship involves and explain why it can serve as the basis for problem-solving and effective lawmaking in the U.S. Congress. We also examine the entrepreneurial work that members of Congress did on behalf of bills that they sponsored from 1973 to 2008. Among other findings, we observe that congresswomen, especially those in the minority party, are more entrepreneurial than their male colleagues. This finding enhances our understanding of why female lawmakers are more effective lawmakers.

The digital transformation of entrepreneurial work

PurposeThis paper explores digital transformation's impact on the work of owners in entrepreneurial firms. The interplay between working practices and technology is analyzed, taking into account the organizations' specific contexts.Design/methodology/approachA multiple case study design was applied. Eight cases of entrepreneurial firms, defined as companies that bring new products and services to the market by creating and seizing opportunities, were selected, with the goal to maximize the diversity of cases. The sample includes both small- and medium-sized firms, as well as high- tech and low- tech companies in equal number. Interviews have been used to collect both quantitative and qualitative data, which was analyzed in a structured way.FindingsThe digital transformation of entrepreneurial work, that is the daily work of entrepreneurs, is an evolutionary, practice-based phenomenon, rather than the result of rational design. The use of different digital tools is interrelated and depends on the characteristics, and dynamics of the surrounding environment.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study are relevant to entrepreneurs interested in understanding the dynamics of their working practice, to software development firms interested in entrepreneurs as customers and to institutions interested in the education of entrepreneurs.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first study which considers the interplay between digital technology and the daily activities of entrepreneurs, considered as a whole. It provides insights on how these interconnected dimensions evolve, thus contributing to understanding the work of entrepreneurs, and as a consequence the dynamics of entrepreneurial firms in the context of digital transformation of organizations.

INFLUENCE OF ENTREPRENURIAL WORKING ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PRODUCTIVITY AMONG SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of entrepreneurial working environment on employee productivity among small and medium enterprises in Kitale town, Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to; examine entrepreneurial working environment, establish employee productivity and to find out the relationship between entrepreneurial working environment and employee productivity among small and medium enterprises in Kitale town. The study used both descriptive, cross-sectional and correlation research designs. A total of 14 SME hotels with a total of 92 regular employees were sampled to participate in the study. The sampling method used was census since the population was small. The research instruments reliability test had a cronbatch’s alpha value of 0.884 which was above the threshold. The results indicated that SMEs hotels have not embraced entrepreneurial working environments in their work places which will allow employees to be motivated to exploit their potential and improve on productivity. The study results also showed that employee productivity is low implying that they may not be achieving their set targets which affects performance of SMEs hotels. The study results also revealed that there was a significant relationship between entrepreneurial working environment and employee productivity. The study recommendations were;the SMEs hotels are facing stiff competition from world class hotels, to remain relevant and in productive operations, they should embrace creation of entrepreneurial environment where their employees will feel motivated and valued. The SMEs hotels should consider recruiting entrepreneurial human resources who will easily utilize their unique skills and talents to benefit the enterprises they work with and the county government of Trans Nzoia and national government should draft a policy to provide incentives to SMEs hotels while operating in uncertain business environments..
 Keywords: Entrepreneurial Environment, Productivity, Small and Medium Enterprises, Employee, Hotel

تصور مقترح لمناخ تنظیمی داعم لممارسات القیادة الریادیة بمدارس التعلیم الثانوی الفنی الصناعی بمحافظة دمیاط A Proposed Framework for an Organizational Environment Supporting the Entrepreneurial Leadership Practices in the Industrial Technical Secondary Education Schools in Damietta Governorate

هدف البحث الحالي إلى تقديم تصور مقترح لمناخ تنظيمي داعم لممارسات القيادة الريادية بمدارس التعليم الثانوي الفني الصناعي بمحافظة دمياط ، وذلک من خلال التعرف على الإطار الفکري للقيادة الريادية بالمؤسسات التعليمية، والوقوف على الأسس النظرية المرتبطة بالمناخ التنظيمي المدرسي، وتحديد متطلبات تهيئة مناخ تنظيمي داعم لممارسات القيادة الريادية بمدارس التعليم الثانوي الفني الصناعي بمحافظة دمياط. وقد استخدم البحث المنهج الوصفي مع الاستعانة بالمقابلة المفتوحة کأداة بحثية تم إجرائها مع عينة قوامها (17) خبيرا في مجال التربية والتعليم من أساتذة کلية التربية بجامعة دمياط ومعلمي ومديري مدارس بالتعليم الثانوي الفني الصناعي بمحافظة دمياط ، بهدف تحديد متطلبات تهيئة مناخ تنظيمي داعم لممارسات القيادة الريادية بمدارس التعليم الثانوي الفني الصناعيبمحافظة دمياط. وتوصل البحث إلى أن توافر خصائص الريادة لدى القادة يعد مدخلا لتعزيز السلوک الريادي، ومن ثم ترسيخ نهج الإبداع واستثمار الطاقات وزيادة فاعلية الأداء المؤسسي، کما أن نجاح المدرسة في تهيئة مناخ تنظيمي ملائم من شأنه أن يوفر أجواء هادفة للعمل الريادي وتطبيق ممارسات القيادة الريادية. کما توصل البحث إلى مجموعة من الآليات اللازمة لتهيئة مناخ تنظيمي داعم لممارسات القيادة الريادية بمدارس التعليم الثانوي الفني الصناعي بمحافظة دمياط، تمثلت في تطوير کل من : الهيکل التنظيمي، السياسات الإدارية، تکنولوجيا العمل، طبيعة العمل، العلاقات والاتصال والتواصل، والحوافز والمکافآت. The aim of the current research is to offer a suggested framework for an organizational climate that supports the entrepreneurial leadership practices in industrial technical secondary education schools in Damietta Governorate, by identifying the conceptual framework for entrepreneurial leadership in educational institutions, standing on the theoretical foundations related to the school organizational climate, and defining the requirements for creating an organizational climate supportive of Entrepreneurial leadership practices in the industrial technical secondary education schools in Damietta Governorate.The research used the descriptive approach with using the open interview as a research tool that was conducted with a sample consisting of (17) experts in the field of education from professors of the Faculty of Education at Damietta University , teachers and school directors in industrial technical secondary education in Damietta Governorate, with the aim of determining the requirements for creating a supportive organizational climate for the application of entrepreneurial leadership practices in Industrial Technical Secondary education schools in Damietta Governorate. The research found that having leadership characteristics among leaders is an entry point for enhancing entrepreneurial behavior, thus consolidating the innovation approach, investing energies and increasing the effectiveness of institutional performance. The school’s success in creating an appropriate organizational climate would provide a purposeful atmosphere for entrepreneurial work and the application of entrepreneurial leadership practices. The research also reached a set of mechanisms necessary to create an organizational climate supportive of entrepreneurial leadership practices in industrial technical secondary education schools in Damietta Governorate, represented by the development of: the organizational structure, administrative policies, work technology, the nature of work, relations, communication and connection, incentives and rewards.

Household economy challenges in fulfilling life needs during the Covid-19 pandemic

This study aims to determine the challenges of changing household socio-economic and psychological behaviour to fulfil daily needs during the Covid-19 lockdown in the DKI Jakarta and its surrounding cities/regencies. A descriptive quantitative approach was used to explain socio-economic and psychological behaviour changes. Data was collected through Google questionnaires in 440 households. The results indicate that the desire to meet the needs of life and existence decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic. There was a decline in mobility, which has significantly affected many breadwinners' incomes. An increase in expenditure for household needs led to the inability to save. This study provides alternative government policies that can be implemented to meet community needs. It discusses the needs that should be considered in an economic crisis, including food aid, cash assistance, or entrepreneurial working capital.

Streamers: the new wave of digital entrepreneurship? Extant corpus and research agenda

• Streaming as “amateur” media production merges elements of work and play. • Research interest in this topic has increased significantly during the last decade. • Research increasingly sees video content creation as creative entrepreneurial work. • Theoretical understanding is fragmented and requires further development. • More research on the organizational and economical aspects is required. Video content creation by “amateur” private users has taken on professional (i.e. work) characteristics. The emergence of user-centric video sharing services (e.g. YouTube, Twitch, Mixer) has set the scene for the rise of micro-celebrities and influencers making video content creation a valuable source of income. The development of occupational and commercial elements within the activity has gained a significant amount of attention from the mainstream media but also from academic research. This paper presents a literature review that aims to examine the nature of the available literature (75 articles) on the occupational characteristics of video content creation. The literature review examines the development of research and terminology of this topic, the theoretical and conceptual frameworks utilized in the examined research, and how the elements of work have been examined and perceived in the examined literature. The results reveal an ongoing development of entrepreneurial aspects in the activity and highlight the need for further research on video content creation in a work context.

Integrating entrepreneurial working life skills with foreign language teaching – two cases from the University of Oulu

Abstract This activity report describes two cases of Language teaching for degree students in the University of Oulu with new pedagogical approaches aiming towards authentic working life skills. Co-creation, collaborative learning and cooperation across borders are the building blocks for these innovative language teaching projects. Case 1 describes Entrepreneurial Language Studies in English and Swedish courses, co-created with the Ministry of Culture and Education Key Projects, which aim for fostering entrepreneurial culture and creating entrepreneurial learning environments at universities. Case 2 is about Teaching English and Course Cooperation in English language between the students of Information Processing Science in Finland and Russia. In both of these cases, students have been challenging themselves with new ways to learn the language and at the same time acquire important skills for working life, virtual learning, presentations, communication, problem solving and business idea creation. What unites these cases is the emphasis on authentic language learning, creativity and self-efficacy. Because career paths today are increasingly complex, multidisciplinary and diverse, the ability to adapt, innovate and be flexible is vital in evolving and collaborative working environments.

A Business Case for the Adoption of a Knowledge Management Strategy and Government Policy as Precursors for Divapreneurship Development in Zimbabwe

The study showcases a business value proposition to policy makers for the adoption of a business paradigm involving the infusion of knowledge management practices, strategic thinking and government policy intervention for divapreneurship development in Zimbabwe. The significance of knowledge management (KM) in women entrepreneurial development arises from the fact that, KM is considered as one of the most effective strategic tools for enterprise survival (Kim and Koh, 2011). The study also investigated the antecedents of bringing about the divatude (positive attitude) in women, as a new way of addressing the impediments to the development of women so that they could be united, driven, inspired, action oriented and victorious ensuring that divapreneurship development becomes a reality in Zimbabwe (Bbenkele, 2013). The mixed method research paradigm was adopted with both quantitative and qualitative data integrated in data collection. Consequently, basing on a purposive sample of 558 structured questionnaires, and focus group discussions, data was collected in line with the sequential explanatory approach. The study was carried out in Bulawayo and Harare Metropolitan Provinces, and Matabeleland North Provinces in Zimbabwe. The study recommended a ten factor framework for divapreneurship development involving universities as the nerve centre, in unrolling entrepreneurial education and training working in collaboration with the Ministry of Women’s Affairs, Gender and Community Development.