Entrepreneurial Skills Training Research Articles

Entrepreneurial Skills Training Needs of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Plateau State

The increasing deadly attacks on various communities in Plateau state and the destruction of lives, properties, businesses and farm lands has forced many inhabitants to flee their homes to nearby towns and villages. This situation calls for urgent intervention to usher in more sober responses to the plight of the internally displaced persons. It is against this backdrop that the study examined the entrepreneurial skills training needs of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Plateau state. To facilitate the conduct of the study, three specific purposes, three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated. The descriptive survey design was used. A total of 400 IDPs were surveyed from the five local government areas (Barkin Ladi, Bassa, Bokkos, Mangu and Ryom) using the non-probability sampling. The instrument used for data collection was the Entrepreneurial Skills Training Needs Questionnaire (ESTNQ). The questionnaire was complemented by focus groups discussions across the five LGAs. The instrument went through face and content validation by three experts. The reliability of the instruments was ensured using the Cronbach Coefficient Alpha and the result yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.78. The data collected were analysed using mean and standard deviation. The hypotheses were tested using independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that IDPs needed entrepreneurial skills such as managerial skills, financial skills, marketing skills and general business skills for self-reliance. The study further revealed that there was a significant difference between the mean responses of male and female respondent on the entrepreneurial skills, entrepreneurial opportunities and entrepreneurial training methods for IDPs. The study concluded that the scale and complexity of internal displacement in Plateau state means that significant efforts are required to provide an effective and well-coordinated humanitarian response. The study recommended that government and all other stakeholders should as part of their interventions institute entrepreneurial skill training programmes for internally displaced persons.

Entrepreneurial Skills, Self-Motivation, Social Influence and Self-Employment: A Survey of the Literature

This article provides a review of literature on entrepreneurial skills acquisition, self employment and mediating variables in the relationship. Salient among these variables are social influence and self motivation. The study utilized qualitative research design. In so doing, over fifty relevant literatures on the subject were espoused in order of relevance to the study. After examining several articles in the literature, we were left in a paradox. Entrepreneurial skills acquisition was found to influence self employment in most of the articles reviewed, but in limited cases, some studies found that entrepreneurial skills acquisition does not guarantee self employment. Several social and psychological factors were proffered as mediators in the relationship between entrepreneurial skills acquisition and self employment. The study thus recommends entrepreneurial skills training mix that incorporates relevant environmental variables that inhibits skills acquisition from resulting to self employment

Enhancing Gender Inclusion in Financial Autonomy of the Female Stereotype in Sustainable Medium and Small Enterprises in Nigeria

Women entrepreneurs in Nigeria face deeply entrenched gender stereotyping that constrains their financial autonomy and inclusion in the micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME) sector. This paper examines barriers stemming from discriminatory socio-cultural norms and economic institutions that limit women’s access to formal financial services, assets, networks, and critical business support. It also outlines multi-pronged strategies to promote gender equality in MSME development policies and programs. These include: expanding collateral-free lending by financial institutions, strengthening access to productive resources, bolstering entrepreneurial skills training tailored to women, facilitating peer networks and mentoring, deploying ICTs to assist women-run enterprises, enacting legal/regulatory reforms, engaging men as partners, and robust monitoring mechanisms. The analysis found that targeted interventions to ease constraints around credit, asset ownership, biases in training, isolation from growth opportunities, and legal discrimination are vital to dismantle constraints inhibiting women entrepreneurs. Constructive male engagement also assists to transform misconceptions around female dependence and

Mathematics Education and Entrepreneurial Skills Development, among Junior Secondary School Students in Tai Local Government Area Rivers State

The paper examined Mathematics Education and Entrepreneurial Skills Development, among Junior Secondary School Students’ in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State. Descriptive research design was employed for the study. Three research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study consisted of 2000 JSS3 students from ten (10) public secondary schools in Tai Local Government Area of Rivers State. Simple random sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 333 JSS3 students, using Taro Yamane to determine the sample size. Self-structured instrument titled ‘’Mathematics Education and Entrepreneurial Skills Development Questionnaire’’ was used for data collection. The reliability of the instrument was established through Cronbach Alpha which yielded reliability coefficient of 0.84. Mean and Standard Deviation were used to answer the research questions, while simple regression associated with t-test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that there was no significant difference on the extent integrating entrepreneurial skills training into Mathematics education for problem-solving abilities there was no significant difference on the effectiveness pedagogical approaches to merge with mathematics education with entrepreneurial skill development. Finally, there is significant difference on the role hands-on practical application played in enhancing the assimilation of mathematical concepts in entrepreneurial skill development for Junior Secondary School students in Tai Local Government Area. The study recommended school management should encourage collaborative learning and critical thinking by integrating entrepreneurial skills development with mathematics education. This can be done through group projects, allowing students to brainstorm solutions to entrepreneurial challenges using mathematical principles. Teachers with a strong Mathematical foundation who are diverse in content and subject matter should encourage students to explore diverse business ideas, promoting creativity and innovation alongside mathematical proficiency.

Tutorial Animation for Learning Entrepreneurship Skills to Improve The Economic Independence of SLB Students with Intellectual Limitations

The lack of entrepreneurial skills or life skills for Special School (SLB) students is one of the reasons why SLB graduates are still found not to be economically or financially independent. Therefore, optimal entrepreneurial skills assistance through community service programs is very important to do. This study aims to equip intellectually disabled students of Special Senior High School Purwosari Kudus with entrepreneurial skills and be able to be economically independent by training the students with entrepreneurial skills focusing on culinary art, batik making, and motorcycle washing using animated learning tutorials. The methods used as a solution to overcome the problem are (1) socialization, (2). entrepreneurship skills training with animated tutorials (3). Giving assistance to teachers and students in practicing entrepreneurship skills in the classroom and (4) empowerment. The results of this community service showed an increase in the knowledge and skills of students and teachers of SLB Pruwosari Kudus related to entrepreneurial skills in culinary art, batik making, and motorcycle washing after being given entrepreneurial skills training using animated tutorials. Considering the increasing knowledge and skills of students and teachers, it is hoped that after completing their studies, SLB students, especially SLB N Purwosari Kudus, will have sufficient provisions to be financially independent.Keyword: Vocational Skills, Special School, Intellectual Disability, Animation of Tutorial

Entrepreneurial skills training for online freelancing: Experimental evidence from Haiti

This paper presents the findings of a randomized pilot experiment in Haiti that aimed to improve online labor market outcomes by training workers in the entrepreneurial skills required to engage with online marketplaces. Despite relatively low completion rates, the program had significant positive impacts on online freelancing outcomes. Treated participants demonstrate increased activity in submitting online proposals and receiving client contacts, leading to improved online employment outcomes with more contracts signed. While the program shows no significant effects on broader labor market outcomes, we find evidence that it increases satisfaction, suggesting positive effects on well-being.

The Influence of Internal Locus of Control and Entrepreneurial Skills Training on the Growth of Micro and Small Enterprises in Bomet County, Kenya

There is an ongoing argument that internal locus of control of business owners or managers can be related to the growth and survival of the business. The internal locus of control might be affecting the growth of enterprises as internal locus of control of an entrepreneur differs from the characteristics of a non-entrepreneur Some researchers have tried to define success in terms of turnover, sustainability, and growth. Some researchers have observed that entrepreneurial traits are indicators of success. The general research issue that has to be addressed in this study is the fact that, in addition to financing and markets, there are additional variables impacting the high mortality rate and stunted growth of micro and small firms in Kenya, particularly in Bomet County. So, this study will look at the connection between the development of micro and small businesses in Bomet County and internal locus of control. In this study, the moderating impact of training in entrepreneurial skills will be examined. The target population was micro and small enterprises in Bomet County which were 14,574 in number in 2016. The unit of observation was the managers and owners of these enterprises. The unit of analysis in the micro and small enterprises in Bomet County and their growth over the past five years. The study used a stratified sampling technique to pick the respondents from the manufacturing, trade, and services strata of micro and small enterprises. The sample size was 384 micro and small enterprises. Data was collected using a questionnaire. Data collection was done by administering the instrument to the owners or managers of the enterprises. The data was processed using computer software. The association between the internal locus of control of entrepreneurs and the expansion of businesses was established using a multiple regression model. The main conclusions were that the expansion of businesses in Kenya's Bomet County is influenced by internal locus of control. The study's main advice is that the key participants in the firms should train to develop the traits of owners and managers. This study also suggests that not everyone can succeed as an entrepreneur. Resources and a methodology should be available to find future entrepreneurs. The necessary resources cannot be accessed before identification.

The Role of Mentoring Services in Agricultural Small and Medium Enterprises in the Gambia

The performance of SMEs in The Gambia is very poor; a possible solution is to provide mentoring service to them. Mentoring is the function of nurturing and supporting by providing SMEs with professional skills development, and moral support to positively impact on the business sustainability. This study empirically investigates the basic profile of agricultural business mentoring, the skill sets; and to represent the importance of the skills as represented in the model and to understand the mentoring for start-up business in the country. Semi structured questionnaires with reference to literature studies from other countries were used to gather data. Data was collected from staffs and sample size of 100 respondents from the agro-enterprises was identified, out of which 62 were received. Results indicated that limited numbers of female staffs were involved in agro-enterprises. The results revealed some average relationship between educational level and entrepreneurial skills are significantly correlated. It was suggested that there is need for an efficient, effective and advisory service for training if people are to start a small business in the country successfully. In conclusion, we suggested that the authorities, private organizations and non-governmental organizations to help strengthen their support in term of entrepreneurial skills training, encouragement, and finance to the individuals and groups. Also establishment of mentoring organization and entrepreneurship training as well as innovative skills in all high and tertiary institutions in the country to put into consideration.

Social participation of individuals with spinal injury using wheelchairs in rural Tanzania after peer training and entrepreneurial skills training.

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in less-resourced settings reported barriers to community integration, including inaccessible rehabilitation services, restricted environments and limited social integration. Peer training and entrepreneurial skills training are provided by Motivation, a nonprofit organisation, and Moshi Cooperative University to enhance occupational engagement of individuals with SCI in less-resourced settings. This study aimed to explore the impact of peer training and entrepreneurial skills training on the social participation of individuals with SCI living in Tanzania. Using a qualitative photovoice approach, 10 participants captured meaningful photos and provided captions according to five standardised questions (PHOTO technique) to convey their messages. Participants selected up to 34 photos that best illustrated their experiences in the community. A mixed inductive-deductive thematic analysis was guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Two interrelated themes emerged: (1) 'influencing factors', which revealed how participants' inclusion in the community was influenced by their activities and personal and environmental factors and (2) 'empowerment', which highlighted participants' desire to advocate and promote awareness of needs and hopes. Participants emphasised the importance of accessibility and equal opportunities. Whilst some were able to overcome obstacles, others experienced continued inaccessibility that inhibited meaningful occupations. Daily participation challenges of individuals with SCI in rural Tanzania were highlighted. Although the Motivation programmes were perceived to have powerful impacts on social participation, continued efforts and advocacy are needed to overcome accessibility issues and to meet the physical, psychological and social needs of Tanzanians living with SCI. This article highlights the importance of accessibility and equal opportunities for individuals with disability living in rural Tanzania. Peer-training and entrepreneurial programs offer community-based rehabilitation services that were perceived by people with disabilities to have a powerful impact on social participation and vocation. However, continued efforts and advocacy are needed to meet the needs of Tanzanians living with spinal cord injury.

Traditional Milking Hygiene Practices and their Effect on Raw Milk Quality of Rural Small-Scale Dairy Farmers in Kwa-Hlabisa, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

This study examines the impact of traditional hygienic milking practices employed by rural small-scale dairy farmers on the quality of raw milk. While advancements in technology have revolutionized hygienic milk production methods for both small- and large-scale farmers, rural small-scale milk producers, particularly in countries like Zimbabwe, continue to rely heavily on hand milking as their primary method of milk harvesting. To investigate this issue, a convergent parallel mixed research approach was utilized, involving face-to-face interviews with 53 selected rural small-scale dairy farmers using a structured questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive, frequency, chi-square, and cross-tabulation analyses. The findings revealed that participants aged 50 and above constituted the majority (58.5%) and were more likely to report low income. Additionally, households with 8 to 11 members (38%) and those with no formal education (18.9%) were also more likely to report low income. Several parameters were identified as significantly affecting milk quality (p < 0.05), including hand washing after milking, back leg tying, washing of milking utensils, use of towels, teat dipping, milking when sick, covering of milk, mixing of fresh and old milk, and lack of milk pasteurization before consumption. The study concludes that traditional hygiene practices contribute to milk contamination by rural small-scale dairy farmers, compromising the quality of raw milk. To support these farmers, interventions such as the provision of a dairy extension officer, practical workshops, incentives, entrepreneurial skills training, and farmer-to-farmer visits are recommended.

Formation of Entrepreneurial Skills and Protection of Intellectual Property

Entrepreneurial skills are defined as the ability to act on opportunities and ideas, to create socioeconomic value for customers and make a profit. Entrepreneurial skills training can be done in any situation: from school curriculum to workplace innovation, from community initiatives to applied learning within universities. Being creative or innovative is a relevant skill for business planning and management. Innovation determines the creation of intellectual property objects, and innovative entrepreneurs must know how to identify intellectual property objects, determine the limits of rights, correctly apply the principles underlying the protection of IP rights, showing a negative attitude towards counterfeiting and piracy actions.

Social participation of individuals with spinal injury using wheelchairs in rural Tanzania after peer training and entrepreneurial skills training

Background: Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) in less-resourced settings reported barriers to community integration, including inaccessible rehabilitation services, restricted environments and limited social integration. Peer training and entrepreneurial skills training are provided by Motivation, a nonprofit organisation, and Moshi Cooperative University to enhance occupational engagement of individuals with SCI in less-resourced settings. Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of peer training and entrepreneurial skills training on the social participation of individuals with SCI living in Tanzania. Method: Using a qualitative photovoice approach, 10 participants captured meaningful photos and provided captions according to five standardised questions (PHOTO technique) to convey their messages. Participants selected up to 34 photos that best illustrated their experiences in the community. A mixed inductive–deductive thematic analysis was guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Results: Two interrelated themes emerged: (1) ‘influencing factors’, which revealed how participants’ inclusion in the community was influenced by their activities and personal and environmental factors and (2) ‘empowerment’, which highlighted participants’ desire to advocate and promote awareness of needs and hopes. Conclusion: Participants emphasised the importance of accessibility and equal opportunities. Whilst some were able to overcome obstacles, others experienced continued inaccessibility that inhibited meaningful occupations. Daily participation challenges of individuals with SCI in rural Tanzania were highlighted. Although the Motivation programmes were perceived to have powerful impacts on social participation, continued efforts and advocacy are needed to overcome accessibility issues and to meet the physical, psychological and social needs of Tanzanians living with SCI. Contribution: This article highlights the importance of accessibility and equal opportunities for individuals with disability living in rural Tanzania. Peer-training and entrepreneurial programs offer community-based rehabilitation services that were perceived by people with disabilities to have a powerful impact on social participation and vocation. However, continued efforts and advocacy are needed to meet the needs of Tanzanians living with spinal cord injury.

Perceived Challenges of Start Up of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Among Business Education Graduates in Federal Colleges of Education in North-East, Nigeria

The aim of the study was to determine the Perceived Challenges of Start-up of Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) among Business Education graduates in Federal Colleges of Education in North-East Nigeria. The study was guided by the following research questions: To what extent does Startup capital constitute a challenge in setting up of Small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) among business education students in Federal Colleges of Education in North-east, Nigeria? To what extent does Inadequate Entrepreneurial Skills constitute a challenge in startup of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) among Business Education graduates in Federal Colleges of Education in North-east Nigeria? The design of the study was descriptive survey. The area of the study was North-east, Nigeria; population of the study comprises 639 final year Business Education graduates of Federal Colleges of Education who are trained in Entrepreneurship Education as a course, stratified proportionate random sampling technique was used. The instrument for data collection in the study was a structured questionnaire developed by the researcher. The instrument was validated by two experts from the Department of Vocational and Technology Education, Faculty of Technology Education, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi. Reliability coefficient of 0.81 was obtained which indicates that the instrument was highly reliable. The researchers used a research assistant for administering of the questionnaire. The data collected was analyzed using mean and standard deviation using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 23. The result of the study revealed that graduates of Federal colleges of education were faced with the challenges of start-up capital in setting up of Small and Medium scale Enterprises (SMEs), also the study revealed that there are inadequate Entrepreneurial skills training in setting up of SMEs among Business Education graduates. Based on the findings it was recommended that Government should increase support given to federal colleges of education in order to boost training of entrepreneurial skills and to provide financial support to students of Business Education to start-up SMEs after graduation.

Impact measurement based on repeated randomized control trials: The case of a training program to encourage social entrepreneurship

AbstractResearch SummaryDesigning effective entrepreneurship training programs is still a challenge despite the investments in training made by governments and private institutions, and its importance for economic growth. We report a case of impact measurement of a social entrepreneurship program based on repeated randomized controlled trials (RCTs), discuss challenges of conducting repeated RCTs, and implications for policy evaluation. Impact measures from the first edition of the program showed no detectable treatment effects. The second edition was adjusted by reducing leadership training and increasing traditional entrepreneurial skills training, and had strong treatment effects on entrepreneurial activities, the creation of a new venture during the program, and subsequent start‐up activity. Employing sequential field experiments can improve entrepreneurship training programs despite the challenges of executing RCTs in the field.Managerial SummaryGovernments, institutions, and businesses increasingly invest in innovative entrepreneurship training programs that tackle societal problems. However, we know very little about the effectiveness of such trainings. To measure the causal impact of a social entrepreneurship training program we use an experiment where we assign one group of applicants randomly to training. A comparable group is selected randomly to not obtain the training. There were no detectable differences between the two groups the first time the program was run. After substantial changes were made, where analytical skills training was boosted at the expense of a reduction in social leadership skills training and social entrepreneurial identity development, and individualized coaching intensified, we find a large impact on entrepreneurial activities, both during the program and 3 years later.

Entrepreneurship Intervention: Towards Transforming Education in Institutions of Higher Learning: A Case of One Public University in Zimbabwe

The study assessed selected university stakeholders’ views and perceptions regarding the curriculum being offered at one public university in Zimbabwe and its alignment towards socio-economic needs. The study also sought ways of how entrepreneurship could be effectively infused into the university curriculum to address the challenge of unemployment. A qualitative case study involving thirty purposively selected participants was adopted. Participants included university administrators, lecturers, students, curriculum developers, captains of industry and the university community. Open ended questionnaires and in-depth face to face interviews were used to elicit responses which were later analysed to discern themes. Findings revealed that the curriculum offered partially addressed the needs of the market due to its failure to focus on entrepreneurial skills training. This tended to constrain students’ self-reliance. Furthermore, entrepreneurship per se was not taught in some of the Faculties. The study concluded that the lack of a practical component was the missing link in fully addressing socio-economic needs and that Entrepreneurship was not a university wide module. The study recommended that for Entrepreneurship to address the socio-economic challenges, there was need to make it a university wide course that incorporates the practical component while consulting various stakeholders for input and relevance. Keywords: skills training, Entrepreneurship, transformation, curriculum, market demands DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-35-03 Publication date: December 31 st 2019

WASTE BANK SOCIALIZATION INCREASES COMMUNITY PROSPERITY IN ANGGADITA VILLAGE

Anggadita Village utilizes the potential of 5,500 m2 of land for fish enlargement and fishing activities. And there are still 5050 m2 of land that has not been utilized. This untapped land will be used to build waste sorting, processing and recycling facilities to make the Citarum River clean and maintained. The area of Anggadita Village is 2.94 Km. Based on situation analysis, efforts should be made to provide alternative solutions that can help clean the Citarum River, sector 18, from Walahar Village to the Emba Bridge Village House and specifically in Sukajaya Village by adding value to the treatment of sorted waste. In addition, activities are needed that can add enthusiasm and skills for all residents and cadres of the Waste Bank to process waste into valuable items, for compost and can also be used as a planting medium for hydroponic plants. Addressing problems that occur in the partner community as described, offers several methods of approach to help solve existing problems by conducting training and counseling methods to produce some economic value products. Implementation of this Partnership Program, the community will be given some training and mentoring activities: waste segregation training, waste management training, managerial and entrepreneurial skills training and Assistance for training participants.

A Study on the Cultivation of College Students' Entrepreneurial Ability

<p>This paper studies how to cultivate the entrepreneurial ability of college students. Based on the analysis of entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial ability can be classified into three categories: knowledge, skills and comprehensive quality. Through the follow-up study of the entrepreneurial team and the interview survey of college students, it is found that the cultivation of college students' entrepreneurial ability is faced with different situations in the aspects of knowledge, skills and comprehensive quality, and then it is proposed to popularize entrepreneurial knowledge, strengthen entrepreneurial skills training and continue to carry out entrepreneurship education.</p>

The Attitudes of Higher Degree Students to Entrepreneurial Skills Training in Early Childhood Education

The Attitudes of Higher Degree Students to Entrepreneurial Skills Training in Early Childhood Education

Libraries for Tokai in Dhaka City: A Successful Project for Changing Lives

More than 15,000 children make the streets of Dhaka their home every night. Trapped in a vicious cycle of poverty, the Tokai (street children) are amongst the most vulnerable children in Bangladesh. Tokai can be found in ferry landings, train stations, bus stations, market centres, religious shrines, parks and on footpaths. There are very few organisations which are serving for them. Concern Worldwide (one of the INGO (International Non Government Organisation) and Dhaka City Corporation have jointly come forward to support 15,000 Tokai through dedicated Tokai shelter centres, providing them with the opportunity to make their own choices for a better future. It has also established sustainable services for providing basic functional education for 1,000 children/youth and 400 adults, psycho-social counselling for 500 children and 150 adults, market-based vocational skills training for 450 children/youth and adults, entrepreneurial skills training for 400 children/youth and life skills education for 800 children/youth. With a view to this, the project decided to set-up libraries based on their shelter centres. The project realises that as of today in Bangladesh, the most poor communities do not have access to a library. This damages educational outcomes for many. The author has been appointed as a library consultant in that project. It is an amazing experience based on the demand of the Tokai; the author had to collect the resources and different audio-visual aids. At the beginning, the author had to face tremendous challenges to get their attention because most of the children of the Tokai didn't feel interest to any attractive reading books or illustrative collections. They were very much fond of watching movie, cinema, drama, cartoon, Hindi film, action film and so on. To attract them on library resources, the author has prepared and presented different video documentaries on how river erosion-affected children encouraged to read and to go to school, how sex workers children become curious to create reading habit which leads them to go to school. Moreover, for motivating youth Tokai achieving social skills on different professions (such as barber, carpenter, shopkeeper, hawker, micro-investor, cooperatives, maid labour, day labour, riksha puller, van driver etc.), short video documentaries have been made and presented on different income generating activities. Thus, libraries have turned into an integral part in the lives of the Tokai. The basic aim of the paper is to share the ideas on how a considerable number of Tokai children have been admitted in government and public schools during the last couple of years by the help of the library services. This will reveal how the youth Tokai capacity has been increased through training and library services. It will also explain a good progress in enabling better access for Tokai to basic services in education, health and legal aid through library and information services. Some interesting case studies will also be discussed in this paper.

Poor People’s Perceptions of Government Support for Entrepreneurship and Small Business Promotion in a Developing Country

Unemployment is a global concern; therefore many developing countries focus on entrepreneurship development and small business promotion as a possible solution. Entrepreneurs are regarded as drivers of the economy as they not only provide income for themselves but also create job opportunities for other people. The South African Government focuses on job creation as a priority, involving many strategies and policies. However, many marginalised and impoverished people still do not benefit from these policies. The central purpose of this article is to analyse poor people’s perceptions of the role of government in creating jobs and assistance in providing entrepreneurial skills training and support. A socioeconomic household survey, consisting of approximately 3200 households, was conducted within various areas in the Metsimaholo, Moqhaka, Ngwathe and Mafube Local Municipalities, all located in the rural Northern Free State region in South Africa. Results of the survey show that 68.3% of participants feel that government is not doing enough to create jobs while a total of 49.1% indicated that government could assist in job creation by providing entrepreneurial skills training. A total of 56.2% indicated that they would like to open a small business. Improved government support and initiatives could lead to many poor households generating their own income through entrepreneurial activities.