Personal Characteristics Of Entrepreneurs Research Articles

ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION AND INTENTIONS AMONG STUDENTS OF SA’ADATU RIMI UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION KUMBOTSO KANO

This paper studies the effect of entrepreneurship education on the development of entrepreneurship intentions among students of Sa’adatu Rimi University of Education Kumbotso Kano. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted. Primary data collection method was used in which self-administered questionnaires were distributed to a total sample of 188 respondents selected from the target population of 366 students. The study found out that majority of the respondents reported high perception or understanding on; importance of entrepreneurship to both society and individual, personal characteristics of entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship education enhanced their skills to develop business plans, but majority of the respondents revealed low perception or understanding on; attitudes of entrepreneurs, environmental assessment and financial preparation for entrepreneurial ventures. On the other hand, majority of the respondents reported high intention that they preferred to be their own bosses than to have a secured job, to make money and create their own businesses, but majority of the respondents revealed low intention of creating a new firm, low intention to start their own businesses after graduation, low intention to work together with good partners to start a new business, low intention to start their own businesses if financial support is secured. Finally, further analysis employing correlation and a linear regression analysis reveals that entrepreneurship education is positively and statistically significant in increasing entrepreneurship intention among the students. The study recommended that students should be encouraged to learn attitudes of entrepreneurs, environmental assessment and financial preparation for entrepreneurial ventures.

Promoting entrepreneurial intentions from adolescence: The influence of entrepreneurial culture and education

From a young age, entrepreneurship intentions depend heavily on the culture of countries and the entrepreneurial contexts that will shape entrepreneurial archetypes about what defines an entrepreneur, and the influence of role models. All these aspects depend on the would-be entrepreneurs’ personal characteristics, and are influenced by the entrepreneurship education they receive when they are young.Most of the studies on youth entrepreneurship focus on university students. However, it is in adolescence that the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs are formed. This may be the reason why these studies mostly reach contradictory results about the importance of these programs.From our sample of 1750 Portuguese students, we confirm the importance of entrepreneurial culture and education to promote entrepreneurial self-efficacy and develop entrepreneurial intentions.Our results contribute to ascertaining the importance of entrepreneurial educational programs delivered in adolescence, adapted to the specific characteristics of the target populations (potential entrepreneurs) on the development of entrepreneurship intentions. Thus, it helps with the subsequent definition of educational policies to foster entrepreneurship development from adolescence.

INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY AND ENTREPRENEURIAL PERSONALITY TRAITS OF STUDENTS IN THE FIELD OF HEALTH SCIENCES

This research was conducted to examine the entrepreneurial tendencies and entrepreneurial personality traits of undergraduate and associate degree students studying in the field of health sciences. The universe of the descriptive study consisted of all undergraduate and associate degree students studying in the field of health sciences at a private university in Ankara, Turkey. It was aimed to reach the whole universe without selecting a sample, while 57% of the students (n=1004) participated in the research. The data of the study were obtained by using the "Socio-demographic Characteristics Form", "Entrepreneurship Tendency Scale" and "Entrepreneurial Personality Characteristics Scale". T-test, ANOVA, Post Hoc Tukey Test, Pearson Correlation Analysis and simple linear regression analysis were employed in the analysis of the data. Students' Entrepreneurial Tendency scale score (3.11±0.32) and Entrepreneurial Personality Scale score (3.24±0.27) were found to be moderate. Significant differences were observed in the entrepreneurial tendency and entrepreneurial personality traits of the students according to age, gender, parental occupation, family economic status, geographical region and education level. It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the entrepreneurial tendency of the students and their entrepreneurial personality traits, and that the entrepreneurial personality of the students affected the level of entrepreneurial tendency (p<0.05). This follows that an entrepreneurship course should be included in university education and students should be supported to make projects in order to increase entrepreneurship activities, which are important in social development.

Personal Characteristics and Social Well-Being of Entrepreneurs as a Resource for Adaptation to Changes

The methodological basis of the study is a sociological approach that considers entrepreneurship as a socially significant activity, and the entrepreneur as a subject of this activity. The authors relate the analysis of the data of the all-Russian selective monitoring study with the understanding of the connection between the focus and nature of adaptation and the personality characteristics of adapters. The object of direct study is the respondents of the target population, the main criterion for the formation of which was the self-identification of the respondent, self-determination, and correlation with the status of an entrepreneur. The aim of the study was to analyze and evaluate a number of personality traits specific to an entrepreneur in terms of their resource capacity for productive adaptation to the accelerating pace of changes in the conditions of everyday and social life. The monitoring research toolkit contained questions that made it possible to get an idea of the presence of certain attitudes and personal qualities in the surveyed contingent of respondents that distinguished entrepreneurs as active adapters. The indicators were grouped into several blocks: sociodemographic characteristics of respondents, industry profile and characteristics of enterprises; personal characteristics of entrepreneurs; social self-identification and social well-being of entrepreneurs. The analysis showed that a powerful resource for adapting to constant changes in the environment for entrepreneurs are their personal qualities: the subjective value of freedom of actions and decisions, focus on self-realization, personal growth and development, responsibility and attitude towards independent decision-making in problematic situations. High self-esteem of professionalism is also a significant resource for adaptation to uncertainty, transformations, changes and risks that form in the course of the development of these processes. The social well-being of entrepreneurs is unsatisfactory in terms of a number of important indicators, which significantly reduces their adaptive potential. In particular, material wealth, status (respect) in the society, legal protection and security, confidence in the stability of employment and welfare are rated by entrepreneurs as low.

The Importance of Resilience and Flexibility of Entrepreneur Characters for Coping with a Crisis Situation. A Systematic Literature Review During Covid-19

What strategies do business leaders and aspiring entrepreneurs use to recover from adversity and start businesses in uncertain times? Things have changed recently when it comes to understanding what influences company decisions in challenging times. According to the findings of our recent research, certain human attributes are important to the success of entrepreneurs in the face of adversity. Resilience is also essential for entrepreneurs. Long-term economic development and increased private sector activity both depend on new enterprises, goods, services, and employment being created. Entrepreneurs are economic actors that provide the essential and desirable commodities and services as the lubricant that keeps the economy turning, whether they operate inside an existing organization or create a new firm. Entrepreneurs and aspiring entrepreneurs must: 1) participate in business development training to build their belief in their entrepreneurial resilience; 2) seek out networking events, special lectures, and mentoring opportunities to learn from others who have been resilient in difficult times; and 3) be active in their entrepreneurial pursuits, practice business acumen. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Characteristic; personal characteristics; Business Resilience; Crisis management; Covid-19; SMEs; Entrepreneurial personality characteristics; Entrepreneurial Resilience; SMEs business survival; entrepreneurship mindset. DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-18-04 Publication date: September 30 th 2021

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Personal Characteristics and Social Entrepreneurship on Social Entrepreneurial Intention

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Personal Characteristics and Social Entrepreneurship on Social Entrepreneurial Intention

Do entrepreneurial characteristics and education influence start-up potentials among undergraduates? Evidence from a developing country

Objective: Entrepreneurship education offers plausible policy options to curtail the consistent rise in youth unemployment in Nigeria. Understanding students’ entrepreneurial characteristics will assist university administrators, policymakers, scholars and practitioners to deliver contents that stimulate their entrepreneurial propensity. This study examines students’ entrepreneurial characteristics and how it, together with entrepreneurship education, shapes start-up potential among them in Nigeria. Research Design & Methods: The study adapts the personal entrepreneurial characteristics (PECs) scale developed by Management Systems International. Data were collected from three thousand two hundred and seventy-seven (N=3 277) students from six Nigerian universities. Descriptive and binary logistic regressions were used to estimate important PECs that influenced entrepreneurial interest among the students. Findings: The results show that majority of the students (92%) are interested in starting a business, while 36% of them are already running one form of enterprise. The level of entrepreneurship interest is also high. Generally, the mean/average score for the entire personal entrepreneurial characteristics is high, and specific means were computed for each element of PECs including opportunity seeking, risk-taking, information seeking, systematic planning and monitoring, persuasion and networking, commitment, persistence, demand for efficiency and quality, goal-setting and self-confidence. Binary logistic regression was adopted to examine the influence of PECs on the start-up potentials among the students using the mean scores computed from the PECs as the independent variables. The results show that students with high goal-setting characteristics and opportunity recognition characteristics are highly predisposed to entrepreneurship. The results further showed that students whose parents run businesses and attended entrepreneurship courses are significantly and highly likely to venture into business. Although persuasion and networking, risk-taking and persistence predispose the students to entrepreneurship, the variables were not significant. Implications & Recommendations: Entrepreneurship education in the country should therefore be re-designed such that students are adequately profiled to determine the kind of EE best suited for them. For those already practising entrepreneurship, the university administration could establish innovation hubs or labs, as well as business incubators, and organise annual innovation competition to help improve entrepreneurship education outcomes. Contribution & Value Added: The paper adopts personal entrepreneurial characteristics (PECs) as novel lenses to understand entrepreneurial inclinations among undergraduates in a developing country. Paying particular attention to PEC is important for policymakers and university administrators to improve the policy outcomes of entrepreneurship education policy.

Impacto de la formación emprendedora en estudiantes de etapas tempranas


 
 
 Para mejorar la competitividad regional y nacional de Chile, se creó en 2018 un programa de fortalecimiento del emprendimiento escolar en la región de Tarapacá, extremo norte de Chile, denominado Tarapacá Labs School. A través del programa planificado en siete sesiones, se trabajó desde la inspiración de los estudiantes a emprender hasta la generación de un prototipo y la defensa del mismo a través de un pitch. En el presente estudio, se analizan los resultados de un torneo escolar desarrollado durante el 2019 donde participaron tres establecimientos educacionales en simultáneo con una muestra de 77 estudiantes, con el objetivo de verificar avances en uno o más aspectos emprendedores de los participantes. Basado en una investigación estadística de los resultados de la medición de la autoevaluación de las Características Emprendedoras Personales (CEP’s), se evidencia que el grupo de la muestra tiende a equiparar las valoraciones obtenidas de sus características emprendedoras, pero que al analizar por separado a quienes trabajaron en una sesión especial se evidencian variaciones relevantes. Se sugiere que gracias al trabajo personalizado en cada uno de ellos es posible potenciar o atenuar algunas características. 
 
 

Prioritizing Technology Adoption Dynamics among SMEs

Though Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are engines of growth, due to multiple reasons they are low in adoption of digitalization and technology. This paper seeks to provide a framework to prioritize the factors/dynamics towards adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT). Through review of literature and applying Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), relevant factors have been chalked out and arranged in terms of priority. The findings indicate SMEs adopt ICT to have a relative advantage over competitors. Affordability, ease of use, value creation and productivity are top priority reasons. Profitability and top management support are other prime factors that stimulate ICT adoption. Other relevant factors include technological self-efficacy and personal characteristics of entrepreneurs.

Digital Entrepreneurship and Digital Entrepreneurship Approach in Turkey: Ankara Case

Purpose – The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the personality traits of digital entrepreneurs participating in the survey, their level of use of information technologies and their innovation skills. Digital entrepreneurship activities play an important role in bringing new products and services developed by businesses to large audiences. In this context, it is assumed that as the digital entrepreneurship usage levels of the enterprises increase, the profitability rates and innovation levels of the enterprises increase. Design/methodology/approach – The universe of the study is digital entrepreneurs operating in Ankara. The sample of the study is 146 digital entrepreneurs operating in Ankara in different sectors such as construction, real estate, accommodation and food service, culture-art and entertainment, manufacturing, information and communication, finance and insurance. The data of the study were collected by using personality traits and innovation skills scales in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs' innovation skills and entrepreneurship perceptions were analyzed with a comparative approach based on demographic variables, digital technologies usage levels, innovation skills. Findings – As a result of the parametric analyzes, the personal characteristics of digital entrepreneurs affect their innovation abilities, there is a relationship between the information technology usage levels of the entrepreneurs and their innovation capabilities, there is a relationship between the personal characteristics of the entrepreneurs and the information technology usage levels, and there is also a relationship between the personal characteristics and innovation capabilities of the entrepreneurs, has been determined. Discussion – Entrepreneurs who can identify digital technologies with their businesses have been thought to be more successful in developing new products and services, reach large audiences, and have higher profitability rates than traditional entrepreneurs, thereby creating more jobs and contributing to the economy.

What Characteristics Help Entrepreneurs ‘Make It’ Early on in Their Entrepreneurial Careers? Findings of a Regional Study from Romania

Entrepreneurship plays an essential role in modern urban growth and development. Successful businesses engage more growth potential, but also failed ones produce significant losses. Therefore, in order to reduce losses, it becomes important to understand what contributes to entrepreneurial success. Based the character-based approach, the current study considers the entrepreneur a critical agent for the survival and success of the business, and aims to examine the differences between successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs in terms of human capital and personal characteristics. The sample consisted of 123 Romanian nascent urban entrepreneurs who participated in a government sponsored entrepreneurial support program and competed for a subsidy to start their business. A positive outcome in the competition (achieved by 39 study participants) was considered as entrepreneurial success. Based on the competition outcome, we split the sample in successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs and analyzed the differences between the two groups from the perspective of human capital and personal characteristics. In terms of human capital (education, professional experience, age, and sex), the results showed small differences between the successful and unsuccessful entrepreneurs in the sample. In terms of personal characteristics, compared to their unsuccessful counterparts, the successful entrepreneurs registered increased levels of entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and of problem-solving confidence, higher levels of trust in their capacity of taking up challenges, increased levels of adaptive assertiveness, and a greater confidence in their ability to control their entrepreneurial behaviour. No significant differences were recorded for the need for autonomy, tolerance of ambiguity, risk-taking propensity, impulsivity, and interpersonal reactivity. The findings indicate that the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs may have different influences on their success, depending on the stage in their entrepreneurial career.

Orientasi kewirausahaan sebagai mediasi faktor demografis terhadap kinerja bisnis

Extant literatures suggest that personal characteristics of entrepreneurs have a large impact on a business performance. The Resource Based View, regards the characteristics of the entrepreneur as a unique resource for the company that will become a competitive advantage. So far, personal characteristics and entrepreneurial demographic factors are more associated with entrepreneurial intentions, this study will analyze the role of demographic factors, namely educational background, family, experience, and motivation on a business performance, while also examining the role of entrepreneurial orientation, namely innovation, proactivity, and risk taking in mediating these effects. The research sample consisted of owners/managers from 160 business units in Malang area (Malang City, Batu, and Malang Regency), while the data analysis technique used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results showed that demographic factors influence business performance and entrepreneurial orientation, so educational background, family background, business experience, and motivation are determinants of a business performance while enhancing entrepreneurial orientation. Entrepreneurial orientation acts as a mediator of demographic factors affecting business performance.

Entrepreneurs\u2019 imprint: survival and sustainable development of private aesthetic plastic surgery hospitals in China

Recently, the private aesthetic plastic surgery industry in China is developing rapidly and has become the fourth largest service industry of the country which contributes to 1.2% portion of the national GDP and helps to improve employment. Thus, the sustainable development of the industry plays an important role in the sustainability of the Chinese economy which is a problem that cannot be ignored. From the perspective of organizational imprinting, this paper selects seven newly established private aesthetic plastic surgery hospitals in central China as research samples and applies semi-structured interview and content analysis to investigate the relationship between personal characteristics of entrepreneurs and survival trajectories of these hospitals. Results show that entrepreneurs’ imprint takes effect in the course of establishing a new hospital through entrepreneurial motivation and initial strategy. Specifically, entrepreneurs’ age, educational background, geographical identity and industry experience all contribute to the entrepreneurial success. In addition, entrepreneurs’ imprint may be effective in the initial and early stage and then fades away with environmental changes. Corporate strategy is a useful complement to entrepreneurs’ imprint afterwards.

Assessing Entrepreneurial Mindset: Results for a New Measure

Abstract This research describes the results of a national survey of entrepreneurial mindset conducted with 3,194 randomly selected individuals in a representative national sample. Several other measures of entrepreneurial personal characteristics appear in the literature. These include the Entrepreneurial Attitude Orientation measure (cf. EAO, Robinson, Stimpson, Huefner, & Hunt, 1991), the General Enterprising Tendency (cf. GET2, Caird, 1990), the test of Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy (cf. Chen, Greene, & Crick, 1998), and the Entrepreneurial Mindset Profile (cf. EMP, Davis, Hall, & Mayer, 2016). Valuable as these measures are, each has important limitations. This comprehensive study successfully addressed nearly all of those limitations.

Entrepreneurship in the Internet Age

With the rapidly expanding Internet economy, new business operation models are emerging. Entrepreneurship and innovative business models have become a point of special interest in the Internet era, and are also drawing attention from scholars. This study used three perspectives to explore issues that require understanding in the Internet age in order to improve the survival rate and sustainable development of entrepreneurship. The three perspectives included the differences between the Internet age and traditional entrepreneurship, the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs, and the capital resources and financing of entrepreneurs. Through this study, readers can better understand the key success factors in the dynamic entrepreneurship process and engage in further related discussions.

KADIN VE ERKEK GİRİŞİMCİLERİN GİRİŞİMCİ KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

It has been claimed that there are entrepreneurial personality characteristics lead individuals become entrepreneur. Uncertainty tolerance, achievement, dominance, affiliation and autonomy are among the foreground entrepreneurial personality characteristics. The purpose of the study is comparing male and female entrepreneurs in terms of entrepreneurial personality characteristics. The data of the research were obtained from 30 male and 30 female entrepreneurs from Şırnak province through survey. Discriminant analysis was applied to determine whether male and female participants differed in their entrepreneurial personality characteristics. Findings of the analysis showed that the female entrepreneurs’ uncertainty tolerance was lower than that of the male entrepreneurs, but other entrepreneurial personality traits were found to be higher. According to these results, it can be said that female entrepreneurs have a high entrepreneurial potential. It is thought that especially if economic support is provided women entrepreneurs will be able to make successful initiatives

Mikro Kredi Kullanan ve Kullanmayan Kadınların Girişimci Kişilik Özellikleri: Şırnak Örneği

Microcredits are important for dissemination of entrepreneurship and especially for development of rural areas as well as for promoting women's socio-economic status and increasing their and their families’ welfare. The expected benefits of microcredit application depend on the fact that it is given to women have entrepreneurial personality traits. The aim of this study is to determine whether women using micro-credits have entrepreneurial personality characteristics. For this reason, the women using microcredit for at least one year, women participating entrepreneurial activities by their own possibilities and housewives in the Sirnak province were included in the research. A total of 159 women (53 women from each group) were interviewed face to face. The obtained data have been evaluated by using the Discriminant Analysis. Results of the analysis showed that women using micro-credit are similar to entrepreneurial women only in terms of autonomy. Autonomy average of entrepreneur women and women using micro-credit was higher than housewives. It has been found that women who use micro-credits are similar to housewives in terms of uncertainty, achievement and dominance. The mean achievement and dominance of women using micro-credits and housewives are lower than those of entrepreneurial women; the uncertainty tolerance was found to be higher.

GİRİŞİMCİ KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN GİRİŞİMCİLİK NİYETİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: UYGULAMALI GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİTİMİNE KATILANLAR ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA

Bu çalışmanın amacı, uygulamalı girişimcilik eğitimine katılanların girişimci kişilik özelliklerini ve girişimci kişilik özelliklerinin girişimcilik niyeti üzerindeki rolünü belirlemektir. Araştırma amaçları doğrultusunda tasarlanan ölçme aracında girişimci kişilik özelliklerini belirlemek amacıyla İşcan ve Kaygın (2011) tarafından geliştirilen girişimci kişilik özellikleri ölçeği; girişimcilik niyetini belirlemek amacıyla ise Liñán ve Chen (2009) tarafından geliştirilen girişimcilik niyeti ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonuçlarında en yüksek olarak gözlenen girişimci kişilik özelliğinin kendine güven, en düşük olarak gözlenen girişimci kişilik özelliğinin ise belirsizliğe karşı tolerans, olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte girişimci kişilik özelliklerinden kendine güven, başarma ihtiyacı, iç kontrol odağı ve belirsizliğe karşı tolerans ile girişimcilik niyeti arasında anlamlı ilişkiler saptanmıştır. Bununla birlikte risk alma ve yenilikçilik ile girişimcilik niyeti arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır.

Integrating and extending competing intention models to understand the entrepreneurial intention of senior university students

PurposeThe growing interest in the development of entrepreneurial intention (EI) that has increased the importance of theories that explain and anticipate the tendency among individuals to start a new business. However, most of these theories focus on the relationship between entrepreneurs perceptions and their intention and ignore the cognitive and psychological characteristics that might configure their perceptions. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to integrate the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) with the entrepreneurial event model (EEM) and to extend the combined model to include the personality characteristics of an entrepreneur that might shape the perceptions and intentions.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a sample of 688 senior university students (Emirati nationals, 91.2 per cent and expatriates, 8.8 per cent) and employs positivist research with a quantitative approach, adopting a survey strategy through questionnaires and structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results demonstrate the relevance and robustness of the suggested combined and extended model in the prediction of intention on the part of senior university students to become entrepreneurs (explained variance=73.3 per cent) based on survey data (2017;n= 688).Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper lies not only in the integration of the TPB and the EEM, but also in extending the two theories on which it is based through adding entrepreneurial personality characteristics and an explanation of the mechanism through which entrepreneurial perceptions and EI develop.

Risk-Taking Propensity and Entrepreneurship: The Role of Power Distance

The personal characteristics of entrepreneurs can be importantly related to entrepreneurial startup intentions and behaviors. A country-moderated hypothesis including the relationship between an individual’s risk-taking propensity and entrepreneurship (behaviors or intentions of the person) was conceptually developed and empirically tested in this study. The data collection was performed through a structured questionnaire. Multinominal logistic regression was used for analyzing data obtained from 1,414 students in six countries. The crucial contribution of this research is the clarification of the character of risk-taking propensity in entrepreneurship and the indication that the risk-taking propensity-entrepreneurship relationship can be moderated contingent on power distance.