Entrepreneurial Intention Scale Research Articles

Family support, need for achievement, and entrepreneurial orientation on entrepreneurial intentions in vulnerable groups

This study aims to design and test the goodness of fit of a theoretical model that describes the effect of family support, need for achievement, and entrepreneurial orientation on entrepreneurial intentions with empirical data in the field. Research participation used subjects totaling 66 people from Ngalang village who were female, did not have permanent jobs, and were included in the poor category. Data collection uses four measurement scales: the entrepreneurial intention scale, family support scale, need for achievement scale, and entrepreneurial orientation scale, and is analyzed using partial least square (PLS) via smartPLS 3.0. The results of the study show the formation of a theoretical model of the influence of family support, need for achievement, and entrepreneurial orientation on entrepreneurial intentions that fit with empirical data. Family support has a positive and very significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions, the need for achievement does not affect an entrepreneurial orientation, and entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and very significant impact on entrepreneurial intentions. This research implies that this model can be used as a reference and applied to overcoming economic problems in vulnerable groups.

Uji Efektivitas Program Intervensi 3E (Employability dan Entrepreneurship Enhancement) pada Mahasiswa Psikologi UKRIDA

This research discusses the effectiveness of the 3E Program which has just been implemented at the Faculty of Psychology, Krida Wacana Christian University (UKRIDA). This program is focused on students with the aim of explaining the development of career world 4.0, explaining strategies for developing mindset, attitude, skills and knowledge to increase student employability and entrepreneurship, motivating students to have high future employability and entrepreneurial intention so that students are ready to work and ready to become entrepreneurs. This research aims to determine whether there is a significant difference between students in increasing their perceived employability and entrepreneurship intention in the future after and before participating in the 3E intervention program. This research method is quasi-experiential using Hiebert Post-Pre. The research involved 88 active students of the Psychology Study Program at UKRIDA who were taking advanced career psychology courses, with participation dominated by female (79.5%) and male (20.5%) students. Researchers use measuring tools. The measuring tools used are the Perceived Future Employability Scale (PFES) by Matius & Gunawan (2022) and the Entrepreneurial Intention Scale which has been adapted to Indonesia by Abidin et al. (2020). The results of statistical analysis showed significant differences before and after the intervention, with the PFES t count of 15.608 (t ≥ 1.662) and EIS of 11.375 (t ≥ 1.662). This shows the success of the 3E Program in increasing students' views on employability and entrepreneurial intentions in the future. The conclusion states that this program is effective and can be a permanent step in supporting Psychology students at UKRIDA in determining career choices after completing their studies.

Exploring the Influence of Proactive Personality on Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Attitude and Moderating Effect of Perceived Educational Support Among University Students

The aim of the present study is to examine the link between proactive personality (PP) and entrepreneurial intention (EI) and to investigate the mediating role of entrepreneurial attitude (EA) and the moderating role of perceived educational support (PES). A total of 764 university students were recruited using a stratified cluster sampling from two Chinese universities. Participants completed a battery of self-reported online questionnaires, including the proactive personality scale, entrepreneurial attitude scale, perceived educational support scale, and entrepreneurial intention scale. Descriptive and correlation analysis was conducted by SPSS 21.0. SPSS macro program PROCESS (Model 4) was used to test the mediating effect and PROCESS (Model 7) to verify the moderated mediation effect. The results showed that PP had a positive effect on EI ( B = 0.842, SE = 0.042, p < .001). EA exerted a partial mediating effect between PP and EI (the indirect effect was 0.633, which accounted for 75.27% of the total effect). Moderated mediation analysis suggested that PES moderated the indirect effect of PP on students’ EI via their EA. The present study is the first attempt to provide a single model to decipher the interlink of PP, EA, PES, and EI simultaneously. The findings could contribute to the current literature on entrepreneurship by focusing on “how” and “when” university students’ PP may enhance their EIs. More specifically, the mediating role of EA, the stronger effect of EA, and the moderating role of PES in predicting university students’ EIs were reported.

The influence of proactive personality on entrepreneurial intentions among college students: a moderated mediation effect

Objective: to explore the mechanism between proactive personality and college students' entrepreneurial intention. Methods: A sample of 1,021 college students was recruited in the study to complete proactive personality scale, benign competitive attitude scale, employment pressure scale and entrepreneurial intention scale. Results: (1) Benign competitive attitude partially mediated the effect of proactive personality on entrepreneurial intention. (2) Employment pressure moderated this mediation effect of benign competitive attitude. When employment pressure was low, with the increase of proactive personality, benign competitive attitude and entrepreneurial intention had an ascending trend. But when employment pressure was high, with the increase of proactive personality, college students' benign competitive attitude and entrepreneurial intention had an obviously ascending trend. Conclusion: Proactive personality has a moderated mediating effect influence on entrepreneurial intentions of college students. Proactive personality could directly influence college students' entrepreneurial intention, as well as ultimately influence entrepreneurial intentions of college students by influencing benign competitive attitudes. Employment pressure enhanced the effect of proactive personality on college students' benign competitive attitude and entrepreneurial intention.

The Role of Entrepreneurial Personality Mediation and Technological Competencies Moderation in Determining Entrepreneurial Intentions in Vocational Education

The importance of intention in producing graduates who are ready for entrepreneurship has not been addressed indepth invocational education. The lack of entrepreneurial personality that is supported by technological competence is the main problem. In addition, low social and psychological capital is a consequence of theseproblems. This study examines the determination of the influence of social and psychological capital, and entrepreneurial personality on entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, the entrepreneurial personality is tested for its role as a mediator and the moderating effect of technological competence is tested, which includes technological capacity and capability. Ex-post facto research was conducted involving 647 participants. Data were collected through the entrepreneurial intention scale questionnaire. SEM analysis was used to test the direct effect relationship based on the path coefficient and the mediation and moderating effect based on the bootstrap results. Findings revealed that social and psychological capital, and entrepreneurial personality have a significant effect on entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial personality plays a significant role in mediating the effect of social capital, but not on the influence of psychological capital. Meanwhile, capacity and capability only play a significant role in moderating the influence of social capital, even though technological capabilities are cansignificantly moderate entrepreneurial personality. These results indicate the importance of social and psychological capital, and entrepreneurial personality as an important foundation for the formation of entrepreneurial intentions in vocational education students. On the other hand, technological competence is very important in strengthening social capital to stimulate the growth of entrepreneurial intentions.

Çocuklar (8-10 yaş) için Girişimcilik Niyetleri Ölçeği Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Bu araştırmanın amacı üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf 8-10 yaş grubu öğrencilerinin girişimcilik niyetlerini belirlemeye yönelik geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2021-2022 eğitim öğretim yılında Karaman il merkezinde öğrenim gören 588 üç ve dördüncü sınıf (8-10 yaş)öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Ölçeğin yapı geçerliği için açımlayıcı faktör analizi ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Yapılan açımlayıcı faktör analizi sonucunda ölçekten 8 madde çıkarılmıştır. Ölçeğin son hali 31 madde dört boyuttan oluşmaktadır ve ölçek toplam varyansın %35.05’ini açıklamaktadır. AFA için önerilen model, 206 öğrenciden oluşan yeni bir örneklem grubu üzerinde DFA ile test edilmiştir. DFA sonucu elde edilen uyum iyiliği değerleri (x2/ sd=1;64 RMSEA=.06; CFI= .97; IFI= .97; NFI= .93, NNFI= .97) model ile iyi bir uyum sağladığını göstermiştir. Ölçeğin güvenirliğine ilişkin cronbach alpha katsayısı hesaplandığında algılanan davranışsal kontrol boyutunda .81, girişimci beceri boyutunda .77, tutum ve sosyal norm boyutunda .78, niyet boyutunda .78 ve ölçeğin tamamı için .93 olduğu bulunmuştur. Yapılan analizler sonucunda Çocuklar için Girişimcilik Niyetleri Ölçeği’nin geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu saptanmıştır.

The influence of work values of college students on entrepreneurial intention: The moderating role of psychological capital

PurposeThe aim of this study is to determine the influences of work values on entrepreneurial intention among college students. The moderating role of psychological capital was also examined.Materials and methodsA total of 723 college students were investigated with work values questionnaire, entrepreneurial intention scale and positive psychological capital Questionnaire.ResultsWork values was significantly and positively correlated with entrepreneurial intention (r = 0.23, P < 0.001); Psychological capital was significantly and positively correlated with entrepreneurial intention (r = 0.33, P < 0.001); Psychological capital did not moderate the relationship between work values and entrepreneurial intention (β = 0.02, P > 0.05); Hope moderated the relationship between work values and unconditional entrepreneurial intention (β = 0.09, P < 0.05). The relationship between work values and unconditional entrepreneurial intention was stronger in the high hope group (simple slope = 0.21, p < 0.001) than in the low hope group (simple slope = 0.07, p < 0.001).ConclusionHope moderates the relationship between work values and unconditional entrepreneurial intention. Improving the quality of hope can be used as an intervention to improve college students’ unconditional entrepreneurial intention.

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurship Behavior: Variance-Based Structural Equation Modelling

Entrepreneurship is widely recognized as one of the important elements for achieving success in today’s society because of its important contribution to economic growth, job creation, and technological advancement. This study aims to analyze empirically the effect of the interaction between entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and entrepreneurial behaviour (EB), which is influenced by determinants such as competitive nature, keen attention to entrepreneurship, and proactive personality. This study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey design. A total of 2322 students who were about to graduate were involved in this study. Attention sharpness in entrepreneurship was measured using 13-items questions. The competitive trait was measured using three items. Proactive personality was measured using ten items. Entrepreneurial Intentions was measured using the entrepreneurial intention scale, namely personal attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. PLS-SEM was used at the stage of model measurement and hypothesis testing. The results of the study inform that the four hypotheses of the antecedent variable directly influence entrepreneurial intentions and behaviour. Still, there is no moderation in the competitive trait and proactive personality variables in the two hypotheses. Students’ awareness of the need for achievement and the personality characteristics required for entrepreneurship can change when they are brought into direct experience with entrepreneurs who can be role models.

Relationship Between Proactive Personality and Entrepreneurial Intentions in College Students: Mediation Effects of Social Capital and Human Capital.

The research aims to explore the influence mechanism of proactive personality on the entrepreneurial intentions of college students. Adopting proactive personality scale, social capital scale, human capital scale, and entrepreneurial intention scale, this research tested valid samples of 300 Chinese college students. The results revealed that proactive personality exerted a significant and positive impact on the entrepreneurial intentions. Social capital played a partial mediating role between the proactive personality and the entrepreneurial intentions. Human capital also played a partial mediating role between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions. Social capital and human capital exerted a chain mediation effect between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intentions. The result of this research offers valuable insights to the study of the influence of college students’ proactive personality on entrepreneurial intentions and provides entrepreneurship education management in colleges with specific practical suggestions so as to improve entrepreneurial intentions among college students.

Entrepreneurship in higher education: The key role of self-efficacy-A cross sectional study

Entrepreneurship is the engine of a nation's economic, cultural, and social development. Since Higher Education Institutions play a crucial role, it is important to analyze the academy's entrepreneurial education effectiveness in promoting entrepreneurial intention amongst students. This study aims to analyze the effect of the education agenda of a Higher Education Institution on the students’ entrepreneurial intention, exploring the effect of self-efficacy as a mediator. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and non-experimental study was performed. A sample of 176 Portuguese higher education students fulfilled the “Entrepreneurial Motivations Survey,” which includes the HEInnovate Self-Assessment Scale, the Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Entrepreneurial Intention Scale. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), AMOS, and PROCESS software. Through structural equation models, it was created a mediation model to assess the impact of the University education agenda on the entrepreneurial intention of the students. All scales showed adequate validity and reliability. The Faculty was not perceived as an entrepreneurial academy by the students. The results did not show a direct effect of the entrepreneurial education agenda on the students’ entrepreneurial intention. The effects emerged through self-efficacy, which plays a mediating effect between entrepreneurial education agenda on the students’ entrepreneurial intention. The entrepreneurship agenda didn’t directly influence the entrepreneurial intention. It is mandatory to offer a rich agenda in order to improve the students’ entrepreneurial competencies, preparing them to strive in the competitive market, in which self-efficacy plays an important role.

ROLE-BASED STRESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL BREACH OF CONTRACT AS CORRELATES OF FORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYEES’ ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS

Entrepreneurial intentions among formal sector workers are believed to be greatly hindered by breach of contract and stress related to employees’ work lives. This present study examined role-based stress and psychological breach of contract as correlates of entrepreneurial intentions among formal sector employees. Participants in the study were made up of 156 non-academic staff of Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. They comprised of 85 males (54.5%) and 71 females (45.5%) with a mean age of 34.37 years and a standard deviation of 8.54 years. Their age ranged from 22 to 58 years. Three instruments were used to measure the variables. Role-based stress inventory by Rizzo, House & Lirtzman, (1970) was used to measure role-based stress, psychological breach of contract and violation scale by Robison & Morrison, (2000) was used to measure psychological breach of contract and entrepreneurial intention scale by Kaiser, (1974) was used to entrepreneurship intention of the workers. The study adopted correlational study design and Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and Multiple Regression analysis was used for the statistical test. The result of hypothesis one revealed that role-based stress positively and significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intentions at r= .55, p <.01, level of significance. The result of hypothesis two indicated that psychological breach of contract positively and significantly correlated with entrepreneurial intentions at r= .85, p <.01, level of significance. Thus, hypotheses one and two of the study were accepted. The result of the multiple regression analysis using an enter method revealed that a jointly and significantly interaction effect exists between role based stress and psychological breach of contract on entrepreneurial intentions among employees at adjusted R2 = .69, p <. 01; F (2, 153) = 172.34, p<.01. Therefore, hypothesis three was also accepted. It was however recommended that employers of public sector should encourage entrepreneurial intentions and ensure that that the agreements it has with workers upon employment are not reneged

Encouraging the Rise of Young Entrepreneurs: Promoting Entrepreneurial Intention through Storytelling

Aim:The aim of this study is to use storytelling as a technique to develop entrepreneurial intention in Islamic boarding school graduates.Background:Most of thepesantrengraduates in Indonesia do not proceed on to university studies after completing their schooling due to financial problems and so lack the skills to work on jobs that could support their livelihood. Therefore,pesantrenwanted to develop a strategy to help its alumni find employment after completing their education. Increasing the entrepreneurial intention of graduates in various sectors is one way in whichpesantrenexpect to support graduates in finding their livelihood.Objective:The objective of this study is to test the effectiveness of storytelling in increasing entrepreneurial intentions in students.Methods:Sixty Islamic boarding school students participated in this study. The Solomon three-group design was used to test the effectiveness of storytelling in increasing the entrepreneurial intentions of students. Participants were divided into three groups: the experimental group, control group 1, and control group 2, each consisting of 20 students. The entrepreneurial-intention scale was used to measure the level of entrepreneurial intention among each group of students.ResultsFirst, there was a significant difference between the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in the experimental group (with treatment) and the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in control group 1 (without treatment). Second, the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in the experimental group (with treatment) was not different from the post-test score of entrepreneurial intention in control group 2 (with treatment). Thus, the results were consistent in the sense that the group that received treatment had an increased level of entrepreneurial intention when compared with the group that did not receive any treatment.Conclusion:The results showed that storytelling was effective in increasing the entrepreneurial intention of students. In this study, the treatment of storytelling was integrated with a focus group discussion. Developing treatment with other techniques can have a greater effect on increasing the entrepreneurial intention of students.

The role of family support and internal locus of control in entrepreneurial intention of vocational high school students

<span lang="EN-US">This study examined the relationship between family support and internal locus of control with entrepreneurial intention among grade XII students attending Muhammadiyah 3 Vocational High School. From 172 grade XI students attending the school, 93 were selected to participate in the study. This study used a cluster-sampling technique. The data was collected using the entrepreneurial intention scale, the family support scale, and the internal locus of control scale. Multiple regression techniques were used to analyze the data on SPSS 19.0. The results indicated very significant positive relationship between family support and internal locus of control with entrepreneurial intention, family support with entrepreneurial intention, and internal locus of control with entrepreneurship intention. Thus, it can be inferred that the contribution of internal locus of control to entrepreneurial intention is more dominant than family support's contribution.</span>

The Role of The Islamic Work Ethos Through the Motivation of Entrepreneurship and The Barriers of Entrepreneurship to Entrepreneurial Intention Santri In Pondok Pesantren Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to examine the empirical model of Islamic work ethic through entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial barriers to the entrepreneurial intention of students. at the Indonesian East Java Islamic boarding school. The research method uses a quantitative exploratory approach. The sample of this research is students of class XII who serve in the Pesantren business unit as many as 309 students. The data collection technique of this research is Islamic work Ethic (IWE) questionnaire, entrepreneurial intention scale, entrepreneurial motivation questionnaire and entrepreneurial barrier questionnaire. Data analysis used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for testing measurement models, and structural equation modeling to test structural models. Research result showed that the model fit.

The Difference of Entrepreneurial Intention Between Entrepreneur and Non-Entrepreneur in View of Personality

Entrepreneurs can help reduce unemployment and poverty in Indonesia. Someone who wants to be an entrepreneur is detectable from the entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs (civil servants) have different personality characteristics. This study aimed to examine the relationship between personality and occupation with entrepreneurial intentions, and differences between entrepreneur and civil servants' entrepreneurial intentions. Research subjects were 100 entrepreneurs and 100 civil servants selected with purposive sampling method. Data collection method used Likert scales, namely personality scale (35 items, α = .923) and entrepreneurial intention scale (24 items, α = .899). Data analysis used analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with SPSS 16 for Windows. Data analysis results showed personality was positively related to entrepreneurial intentions (Sig. = .000 < p = .05), occupation affected entrepreneurial intentions (Sig. = .000 < p = .05), and the mean of entrepreneurial intentions of entrepreneurs' (73.67) was higher than civil servants’ (71.58).

The role of entrepreneurial intention in predicting vocational high school students’ employability

One of the factors that contribute to the level of employability is entrepreneurial intention. This study discusses the role of entrepreneurial intentions on students' employability. The population in this study was all students of grade XII of Vocational High School Koperasi Yogyakarta, Indonesia, consisting of 141 students. The sample in this study was 86 students. The sample selection was done by randomizing using a cluster random sampling technique. Methods of data collection used in this study are scales, employability scale, and entrepreneurial intentions scale. Analysis of the data used in this study is the product-moment analysis technique. The results of data analysis showed the correlation between entrepreneurial intentions and employability where r = 0.339 with p = 0.001 (p < 0.01), which showed a very significant positive correlation between the two variables at the research site. It means that the level of employability can be predicted based on entrepreneurial intention. The entrepreneurial intention contributed 11.5% to employability, and the remaining 88.5% can be influenced by other variables.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT AFFECT EMPLOYABILITY AND ITS IMPLICATIONS

Purpose: This study aimed to empirically examine the role of entrepreneur intention and responsibility on the employability of students who attend State Vocational High School 1 Kalasan Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
 Methodology: The subjects in this study were students of class XII of State Vocational High School 1 Kalasan Yogyakarta, Indonesia, which amounted to 225 students. The sampling technique was obtained by cluster random sampling. Methods of collecting data used are employability scale, entrepreneurial intention scale, and responsibility scale. The data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis techniques.
 Main Findings: The results showed that there was 1) a very significant correlation between entrepreneur intention and responsibility simultaneously on employability with R = 0.608, p = 0.000 (p<0.01). 2) a very significant correlation between entrepreneurial intention and employability with r = 0.171, p = 0.005 (p<0.01). 3) a very significant correlation between responsibility and employability with r = 0.603, p = 0.000 (p<0.01).
 Applications of this study: This study shows that entrepreneur intention and responsibility has an important role in preparing students to get the knowledge and skills needed to get a job, and then applied in the workplace when graduates have worked. This results study also can throw light on strategies to be adopted to enhance employability in students of Vocational High School. It can also be used as a reference to prepare an entrepreneur's intention and responsibility skill training module to improve employability.
 Novelty: To the best of our knowledge, psychology research about entrepreneur intention, responsibility, and employability of State Vocational High School students is still rarely done both in Indonesia and abroad. This study focuses on the employability of State Vocational High School students. Previous studies only discussed limited employability for undergraduate and employee graduates, while in this study in vocational high school students.

Socio-demographic characteristics and students’ entrepreneurial intentions

This paper aims to analyse the entrepreneurial intentions of tourism students, who represent a significant base of future entrepreneurs and are the drivers of innovations and competitiveness in the travel and tourism industry, which is an important part of the economy of the Republic of Serbia. The study examined whether there are differences in students? entrepreneurial intentions depending on socio-demographic characteristics: gender, place of residence, years of study, and previous work experience, as well as their parents? education and type of employment. The survey was conducted in four higher vocational schools in Serbia on a sample of 330 students of tourism and hospitality management using the Entrepreneurial Intention Scale. The results showed that students had medium intention to start and run their own business and indicate that - among the selected socio-demographic factors - gender, years of study, and prior work experience play an important role in fostering entrepreneurial intentions. Understanding the factors that impact entrepreneurship may contribute to the development of theory in this field, as well as helping paint a clearer picture of how entrepreneurial intentions are formed as a starting point in business.

Effect of Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Students at a University in Hainan Province in China: Taking Social Support as a Moderator

This study discussed the relationship among university students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy, social support, and entrepreneurial intentions. In 2018, the present study recruited 870 students from a public university in Hainan Province, China. This university offered entrepreneurial practice courses, students from this university had been performing exceptionally in entrepreneurial competitions, and its graduates showcased outstanding entrepreneurship, indicating this university a paradigm of entrepreneurial education. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale, perceived social support scale, and entrepreneurial intention scale were employed to survey the students. Specifically, the effect of university students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention and the moderation of social support on said effect were explored. The following results were obtained: (a) entrepreneurial self-efficacy significantly and positively predicted entrepreneurial intentions, and (b) social support positively moderated the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions. This study provided a theoretical and practical reference for improving the entrepreneurial intentions of university students. https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.18.9.10

Effect of College Students’ Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention: Career Adaptability as a Mediating Variable

<p style="text-align:justify">The aim of this study is to explore the relationship among college students’ entrepreneurial self-efficacy, career adaptability, and entrepreneurial intention. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior（TPB）, this study adopted the entrepreneurial self-efficacy scale, career adaptability scale and entrepreneurial intention scale to investigate 1039 college students from a university in ShanDong province, China. The results indicated the following: (a) entrepreneurial self-efficacy of college student significantly and positively affected entrepreneurial intention; (b) entrepreneurial self-efficacy of college student significantly and positively affected career adaptability; (c) career adaptability significantly and positively affected entrepreneurial intention; and (d) career adaptability partially mediated the effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study can serve as a reference for universities wishing to implement career education and provide entrepreneurship guidance.</p>