Entrepreneurial Intention Model Research Articles

Review and Comparison of Classical Entrepreneurial Intention Models

The study of entrepreneurial models carries significance in guiding the development of entrepreneurial activities. On the basis of a literature review, this paper reviews and analyzes six classic and widely influential entrepreneurial models: entrepreneurial event model (EEM), entrepreneurial intention model (EIM), revised EIM, theory of planned behavior (TPB), economic psychological model (EPM), and structural model of entrepreneurial intention (SMEI). This paper aims to discuss the similarities and differences of these entrepreneurial intention models and their applications in different contexts, which carries important theoretical and practical significance for further research on entrepreneurial behavior and intention.

A serial mediation model of entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention: a social cognitive career theory approach

PurposeThis study aims to answer two questions: do self-efficacy and outcome expectations serial mediate the effect of entrepreneurial education (EE) on the intention to start a business? and how can the social cognitive career theory explain entrepreneurial intention (EI)?Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on the social cognitive career theory to examine the effect of EE on start-up intention via self-efficacy and outcome expectations by a serial mediation model. A sample of 1,232 students in Vietnam and the structural equal modelling method was used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results of this study reveal that entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) significantly mediates the effect of EE on the intention to start a business. Similarly, entrepreneurial outcome expectations (EOEs) mediate the association between EE and EI. Especially, the results of serial mediation analysis show that ESE and EOEs serially mediate the EE–intention relationship.Originality/valueUnder a new perspective of social cognitive career theory, the current study is expected to contribute to clarifying the gap in the relationship between EE and EI. In addition, this study also contributes to investigating the antecedents of ESE and outcome expectations and providing empirical evidence supporting the relevance of social cognitive career theory in explaining EI.

Entrepreneurial Intention Among Undergraduate Students Using The Entrepreneurial Intention Model

This study investigated undergraduate students’ entrepreneurial intentions using the Entrepreneurial Intention Model (EIM). The model was adapted from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Three variables, namely professional attraction, social valuation, and entrepreneurial capacity were included in the study of entrepreneurial intention based on the EIM. This study applied a modified version of the Entrepreneurial Intention Question (EIQ) by Liñán and Chen. A convenience sample was drawn and a total of 136 students from Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Malaysia participated in the study. The questionnaire was distributed using Google forms through various social media applications such as WhatsApp, Twitter, and Facebook. The collected data was analysed using multiple linear regression analysis. Three hypotheses were generated in this study and the results showed that all three hypotheses were supported. Professional attraction, social valuation, and entrepreneurial capacity had an influence on university students' entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study showed that the students have a strong desire to become entrepreneurs and that they are interested in pursuing entrepreneurship as a career path in the future. Their social circles were also important to them, despite the fact that they were aware that entrepreneurship was not a high priority in their social circles. Apart from that, they are aware of the necessary skills, attitudes, and abilities to become entrepreneurs. This study is useful for higher learning institutions and governmental and non-governmental agencies to further enhance entrepreneurship development programs at the university level, particularly during the post-COVID-19 pandemic period. Keywords: entrepreneurial capacity, entrepreneurial intention, entrepreneurial intention model, professional attraction, social valuation

Has the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the intentions of individuals for a business venture? An integrated structural model approach

ABSTRACT This article provides distinctive insights into the main antecedents of entrepreneurial intention (EI) during the COVID-19 pandemic, merging Ajzen’s version of the Theory of Planned Behavior with an adjusted version of Shapero & Sokol’s Entrepreneurial Event Model, as well as an extended EI model developed by Krueger. Using a sample of 402 university students and applying structural equation modeling, the results identified attitudes toward entrepreneurship, perceived desirability and feasibility, and perceived self and collective efficacy as key drivers of EI, while capturing the turbulent investigation period through its impact on exogenous determinants, mainly the university environment.

Análise comparativa de modelos de intenção empreendedora: Autoeficácia versus características empreendedoras

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this research is to analyze whether self-efficacy and entrepreneurial characteristics (e.g., risk-taking, planning, opportunity recognition, persistence, sociability, innovation, and leadership) differ in the explanation of entrepreneurial intention models, having entrepreneurial education as a moderator of relationships. Originality/value: This paper offers an in-depth perspective on which behavioral characteristics fit best into entrepreneurial intention models and helps to fill a theoretical and practical gap on the need for university education to increase its positive impact on human capital, particularly on students’ professional skills, demonstrating which characteristics are most impacted by entrepreneurial education. Design/methodology/approach: Quantitative methodology was employed, and data were analyzed with structural equation modeling. The sample consisted of 1,004 Brazilian university students from public and private universities. The research was conducted in a non-probabilistic way and with a convenience sample. In order to address the research hypothesis and objectives, all constructs were adapted from relevant literature on entrepreneurship. Findings: The results indicate it seems more appropriate to use a set of entrepreneurial characteristics when investigating an entrepreneurial intention model if you are looking for a higher explanatory factor and a more robust model; also, entrepreneurial characteristics represent a more sensitive model, which brings accurate assessments on factors that affect entrepreneurial intention. With these findings, entrepreneurial education can be planned to shape certain characteristics through actions in the university environment, making it possible to measure the impact of education on entrepreneurial intention.

How can entrepreneurial interventions in a university context impact the entrepreneurial intention of their students?

This paper explores the link between the entrepreneurial intention of students in higher education and the entrepreneurial interventions an institution can provide to support them. The study uses data collected from 679 undergraduate students from Chinese and UK Universities. The instrument for data collection was a paper-based questionnaire. This study uses the integrated model of entrepreneurial intentions as the theoretical underpinning for this approach. The initial findings highlight the perceived need for a range of entrepreneurship interventions, with business training programmes being the highest priority, followed by mentoring, specialist business advice, low-cost finance, business networking events and enterprise clubs. It also shows that those with different Intention Horizons do request a different portfolio of interventions. The paper provides an evidence-based approach to entrepreneurship education design and the development of interventions to support a range of students with and without entrepreneurial intention. This work suggests a previously under-articulated relationship between the nascent entrepreneur’s Intention Horizon, university interventions, and entrepreneurial action. There are numerous calls for further contextualisation of entrepreneurship education which this paper fulfils (Baron and Shane in Psychol Entrepreneurship 19-39, 2007; Byrne et al. in Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014). It further develops the narrative around both contextualisation, the previous experience of the students and the range and importance of these interventions to support the creation of a new venture.

Examining prison entrepreneurship programs, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial resilience as drivers for prisoners' entrepreneurial intentions

PurposeEx-prisoners often experience negative stigma from society, making it difficult to find employment upon release. Prison institutions play an active role in building character and improving prisoners' skills by providing various empowerment programs to increase opportunities for their economic potential. However, these programs are considered not optimal in increasing the entrepreneurial intentions of prisoners. This study aims to identify the effects of prison entrepreneurship programs, entrepreneurial resilience and self-efficacy as drivers in increasing prisoners' entrepreneurial intentions. This study also examines the effect of these variables focusing on prisoners with neither entrepreneurial experience nor entrepreneurial training.Design/methodology/approachThis study deployed a quantitative method by distributing a questionnaire to prisoners involved in talent and skill development activities (called BIMKER, an abbreviation in Indonesian, which means Work Guidance), a compulsory program provided by prison institutions. A total of 204 prisoners, including 70 with no entrepreneurial experience, completed the research questionnaire in one of the prison institutions in Indonesia. Partial least sequential-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used as the analytical technique.FindingsThe study findings show that the prison entrepreneurship program has not been able to influence prisoners' entrepreneurial intentions directly. However, the prison entrepreneurship program has a positive and significant effect on increasing prisoners' self-efficacy and entrepreneurial resilience that ultimately encourages the emergence of entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial resilience was found not to affect entrepreneurial intentions for prisoners with no entrepreneurial experience and who have never attended entrepreneurship training.Originality/valueThis study identifies the drivers of prisoners' entrepreneurial intentions, including prison entrepreneurship programs, self-efficacy and entrepreneurial resilience. These can be used as references to build understanding at the theoretical level and can be adopted practically. This study expands the social cognitive theory (SCT) and entrepreneurial intention models (EIMs) by adding new insights into the context of prison entrepreneurship that underline the potential of prisoners engaging in entrepreneurship, once released, to expand opportunities, learning and employment. This study highlights the importance of implementing prison entrepreneurship programs to reduce crime, recidivism rates, poverty and inequality.

A Moderated Serial–Parallel Mediation Model of Sustainable Entrepreneurial Intention of Youth with Higher Education Studies in Romania

The main purpose of this research paper is to identify the antecedents of sustainable entrepreneurial intentions among university-educated youth through a moderated mediation model. The study has as its theoretical framework two models of entrepreneurial intentions, namely the entrepreneurial event model and the planned behavior model, enclosed in the context of sustainable entrepreneurship. The aim of this study was to establish, in the context of an emerging country, such as Romania, whether the two reference models can be integrated into a single comprehensive model and extended to the situation of sustainable entrepreneurship by taking into account environmental values and the level of university-specific entrepreneurial education. The research results show that for young people with advanced university-level entrepreneurial education, behavioral factors, perceived sustainable entrepreneurial desire, and feasibility are serially and in parallel mediating the relationship between the environmental values and sustainable entrepreneurial intention and, accordingly, the level of university-specific entrepreneurial education plays a moderating role in this relationship. The study findings have significant academic and practical implications for government officials and higher education institutions to foster the willingness of youth with academic backgrounds to engage in sustainable entrepreneurial behavior and initiate it in the future.

Effect of the University’s Environment and Support System on Subjective Social Norms as Precursor of the Entrepreneurial Intention of Students

In this study, we aim to understand the influence of the university’s environment and support system (ESS) on subjective social norms (SSN) as one of the precursors of the entrepreneurial intention (EI) of university students. For this, we applied a customized mathematical model of EI based on the theory of planned behavior to probe whether the university’s ESS can affect SSN and analyze the paths that this influence may follow to form the EI of students. In other words, this study argues that the university plays a critical dual role in shaping the EI of students. First, it can provide support mechanisms to help students translate their ideas into viable business models that may further translate into successful ventures. Second, it can help students gain the support of their families and friends who influence their SSN, thus affecting their EI through the mediating effects of the other two precursors of intention. We collected the data from students in a public university in Atlantic Canada via a structured non-disguised questionnaire to test the hypotheses formulated in this study. We analyzed them through partial least square-structural equation modeling of a second-order mathematical model of EI. Analysis of the data indicates that the mathematical model is appropriate for evaluating the relations among the five constructs of the mathematical model of EI. Results of this study support the hypothesis that the university’s ESS may influence students’ perceptions of the opinions of important reference people regarding their prospects of becoming entrepreneurs. Furthermore, we determined that the university’s ESS influences the EI of students mediated by the more proximal precursors of intention. The effect of the university’s ESS is such that it may positively impact the EI of students, but its importance in the mathematical model of EI is still low. These findings can help universities assess their initiatives to promote innovation and entrepreneurship on campus.

The practical challenges faced by young entrepreneurs: an empirical analysis

PurposeThis study proposes a new comprehensive model of entrepreneurial intentions (EIs) that enhances the understanding of the crucial entrepreneurial personality traits. This study also examines how entrepreneurial family history, gender and discipline moderate the relationship between the key entrepreneurial personality traits and EIs of university students.Design/methodology/approachThe study introduces a new combination of important entrepreneurial personality traits, theoretically following the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). The data are collected using an entrepreneurial intention questionnaire and analysed with structural equation modelling (SEM) over a sample of 297 university students from Pakistan.FindingsThe findings highlight that one of the notable contributions to assessing EI is the negative impact of foreseeable challenges (FCs), resulting in negative EIs among university students of our sample. The authors also found significant moderating roles of gender, discipline and entrepreneurial family history in strengthening the relationship between entrepreneurial traits and EIs.Originality/valueThe study contributes both to the existing empirical and theoretical literature by examining a key set of entrepreneurial personality traits leading to enhance EIs. The results may also assist academicians to discover new ways for developing entrepreneurial traits among university students.

Does Pesantren Environment have Impact on Islamic Entrepreneurial Intention?

This paper analyses Islamic entrepreneurial intention by involving college students in Yogyakarta as respondents. Two questions can be proposed: first, does the Pesantren environment influence Islamic entrepreneurial intention, and second, what are influencing factors on the improvement of Islamic entrepreneurial meaning. The research method used explanatory by using SEM-AMOS analysis. This study adopted the Islamic Entrepreneurial Intention model Theory of Planned Behavior, which was modified by Ashraf (Ashraf, 2021). The novelty of this research is by adding Pesantren environment as a variable independent. It was tested on Islamic entrepreneurial intention. This research shows that only self-efficacy and perceived social support factors influence entrepreneurial intention among five factors that influence students' entrepreneurial intention. The other three elements, namely prior experience, empathy, and moral obligation, do not influence Islamic entrepreneurial intention. On students, the category shows there is no difference in Islamic entrepreneurial intention between college students living in pesantren and college students not living in Pesantren. Pesantren environment is considered as less effective in performing its role in growing the student's intention who live in Pesantren to do Islamic entrepreneurship.

Predicting Entrepreneurial Intention of Students: Kernel Extreme Learning Machine with Boosted Crow Search Algorithm

College students are the group with the most entrepreneurial vitality and potential. How to cultivate their entrepreneurial and innovative ability is one of the important and urgent issues facing this current social development. This paper proposes a reliable, intelligent prediction model of entrepreneurial intentions, providing theoretical support for guiding college students’ positive entrepreneurial intentions. The model mainly uses the improved crow search algorithm (CSA) to optimize the kernel extreme learning machine (KELM) model with feature selection (FS), namely CSA-KELM-FS, to study entrepreneurial intention. To obtain the best fitting model and key features, the gradient search rule, local escaping operator, and levy flight mutation (GLL) mechanism are introduced to enhance the CSA (GLLCSA), and FS is used to extract the key features. To verify the performance of the proposed GLLCSA, it is compared with eight other state-of-the-art methods. Further, the GLLCSA-KELM-FS model and five other machine learning methods have been used to predict the entrepreneurial intentions of 842 students from the Wenzhou Vocational College in Zhejiang, China, in the past five years. The results show that the proposed model can correctly predict the students’ entrepreneurial intention with an accuracy rate of 93.2% and excellent stability. According to the prediction results of the proposed model, the key factors affecting the student’s entrepreneurial intention are mainly the major studied, campus innovation, entrepreneurship practice experience, and positive personality. Therefore, the proposed GLLCSA-KELM-FS is expected to be an effective tool for predicting students’ entrepreneurial intentions.

The Examining of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students with Entrepreneurial Education and Individual Value: Mediation Role of Human Capital

<p>This study aims to examine the mediating role of human capital on the effect of entrepreneurial education and individual value on entrepreneurial intention. This research was conducted on students majoring in business at a university in Bali with a population of 7,246 people. A sample of 379 and data was collected using a questionnaire that returned as much as 279. Testing the research model using PLS-SEM with WarpPLS 7.0. The findings show that entrepreneurial education influence human capital, and individual value has an effect on human capital. Entrepreneurial education can influence entrepreneurial intention. Individuals could an effect on entrepreneurial intention, human capital can influence entrepreneurial intention. This study also found that human capital was able to partially mediate the influence of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention. Human capital was almost not able to mediate individual value on entrepreneurial intention. This study shows evidence of the importance of entrepreneurship education and individual value for creating competitive human capital in generating entrepreneurial intentions. These findings also provide an understanding of developing entrepreneurial intention models with an entrepreneurial education system and value strategies that shape the competitiveness of human capital.</p>

Covid-19 Perceptions and Psychological Factors on the Social Entrepreneurial Intention in University Students of Bangladesh

A great interest in promoting social entrepreneurial intention revolves around the possibility of creating innovative and environmental solutions to society's social problems. This possibility becomes critical in the situations of global crises that will arise with the 2019 coronavirus disease epidemic (Covid-19). Covid-19 has a broader impact on a worldwide public health crisis and challenges the industry. This disease is particularly destructive to young people's enthusiasm for entrepreneurship, new enterprise owners, and overall psychological well-being. Research is required to develop empirically supported coping strategies to decrease and offset psychological problems. This study sought to examine the connection between Covid-19 pandemic perception and psychological need satisfaction in university students and their entrepreneurial intention to start a business. Researchers also discussed the psychological factors (i.e., resilience and moral obligation) that mediate these relationships to promote the students’ entrepreneurial activities. The study develops a conceptual model of social entrepreneurial intention utilizing Social-Cognitive Theory and Self-Determination Theory. Further, this concept will be tested and validated among Bangladeshi university students in the future.

Effect of Networking Based Entrepreneurial Learning on Employability Interest for University Students

The study aims at investigating entrepreneurship learning in universities regarding the effect of achievement motivation and creativity on student entrepreneurial intention mediated by online social networks. This study is quantitative research. Data were collected data from 290 online respondents who were students from various private universities in Lampung, South Sumatera and Bangka Belitung provinces in Indonesia. This study using random sampling, and research questionnaires were collected online. The data were analyzed using the structural equation model Smart Pls 3.2.7. This study investigated seven research’hypothesis. The result of the research shows that achievement motivation and creativity have a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest. Itindicates that online social networking can mediate the relationship between achievement motivation and creativity on entrepreneurial interest as well. The findings of this study also contribute to the conceptual framework for lecturers in entrepreneurship learning to increase student entrepreneurship intention. It is recommended to compare the entrepreneurial intention model among state universities as a comparative study to understand how to build entrepreneurial interest in universities as a contribution to create young entrepreneurs.

Entrepreneurial creativity and intention: Structural equation modelling among university students

The context of this research aims to analyse the effects of entrepreneurial creativity (EC) empirically on entrepreneurial intention through structural equation modelling by proposing and testing the model that has been developed previously developed. The goal of this study is to understand some of the determinants of entrepreneurial intention among university students consisting of 1,035 respondents. The research findings by testing EC and entrepreneurial intention (EI) models show that student creativity at the university has a very high level of significance in influencing students’ own entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, it is followed by creativity within family and the individuals’ creativity. The research findings will later become recommendations and options for campus policy in fostering student EI, especially for university students. 
 
 Keywords: Entrepreneurial creativity, entrepreneurial intention, structural equation modeling (SEM)

A Multilevel Model of Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention: Opportunity Recognition as a Mediator and Entrepreneurial Learning as a Moderator.

Highlighting the implications of entrepreneurship education, this study examines the effects of entrepreneurship education in predicting the entrepreneurial intention of university students. The study also explores the mediating role of opportunity recognition and the moderating role of entrepreneurial learning in this process. To test our multilevel-moderated mediation model, based on a dataset containing 1,150 university students from 55 universities in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China, hierarchical linear modeling is utilized to test the research hypotheses. The findings reveal that entrepreneurship education can promote the entrepreneurial intention of students through opportunity recognition. Furthermore, entrepreneurial learning plays a moderating role in the link between entrepreneurship education and opportunity recognition. Implications for the design and delivery of entrepreneurship education are discussed.

Student Entrepreneurial Intention Model in Medan City

This study aims to analyze how the influence of the variables of intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and spiritual intelligence on students' entrepreneurial intentions, using the intervening variables of student creativity and learning achievement. The research was conducted at polytechnic higher education institutions (public and private) in Medan City. The number of research samples was 400 people, and the data were analyzed using a structural equation model with Amos software. For the direct effect of exogenous variables, it was found that students' intellectual intelligence and creativity had a statistically significant impact. In contrast, the variables of emotional intelligence, spiritual intelligence, and learning achievement were not statistically significant. The indirect impact variables used to estimate entrepreneurial intentions are statistically significant, except for the emotional intelligence variable. Furthermore, as an intervening variable, the learning achievement variable provides a partial mediation effect in mediating the influence of the intellectual intelligence variable on entrepreneurial intentions. The learning achievement variable also provides a partial mediation effect in mediating the impact of the spiritual intelligence variable on entrepreneurial intentions. In contrast, the learning achievement variable provides no mediation effect in mediating the influence of the emotional intelligence variable on entrepreneurial intentions.

Development of digital entrepreneurial intention model in Uncertain Era

Student’s digital entrepreneurial intention is a key to develop nascent digital entrepreneurs from university graduates in an uncertain era. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of digital entrepreneurial education, risk propensity and environment support on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and digital entrepreneurial intention of university students in Semarang. The research population is students from several universities in Semarang City who have participated in digital entrepreneurship learning. 90 students are elected to be tested as research respondents. The collected data are then analyzed using descriptive analysis of the structural equation model. Risk propensity, entrepreneurial education, and environmental support positively support entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Risk propensity and entrepreneurial education also found a significant effect on digital entrepreneurial intention, but environment support found insignificant effect on digital entrepreneurial intention. University, government and the private sector are highly expected to increase students' digital entrepreneurial intention through training and learning programs both in the classroom or outside the classroom.

University Graduates and the Entrepreneurial Intention: Evidence from Indonesia

Higher education institutions are expected to cope and respond to the dynamic of society, participate in job creation and generate economic productivity. One way to make it happen is through entrepreneurship. This research aimed to propose an entrepreneurial intention model specific for higher education graduates in Indonesia. Using data from Survei Angkatan Kerja Nasional (Sakernas) 2019 and Probit analysis, this study found that there was a declining intention in graduates with higher education. So does the graduates with training certificate tend to have a lower intention. These implied that higher human capital, which is formed from education and training, tends to lead higher education graduates to non-entrepreneurship occupations. However, there is an increasing trend in entrepreneurial intention for both fresh graduates and those who have had previous jobs. Men in more mature age have higher intention into entrepreneurship, but after certain age there is an inverted U-shape relation between graduates’ age and their entrepreneurial intention.