Entrepreneurial Intention Research Articles

Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on the Entrepreneurial Intention of Higher Vocational Students: A Moderated Mediation Effects Model

ABSTRACTEntrepreneurship education is pivotal in augmenting entrepreneurial propensity among students in higher vocational institutions, facilitating the emergence of tangible innovative and entrepreneurial activities. However, research on the effects of various entrepreneurial education models on students' entrepreneurial intentions is limited. This study introduces a moderated mediation model to investigate the intricate mechanisms and contextual conditions under which different educational approaches influence students' entrepreneurial intentions in higher vocational settings. Data from 1197 students from diverse disciplinary backgrounds were analysed using a survey methodology. The findings reveal that both the theoretical and practical components of entrepreneurship education positively influence students' entrepreneurial intentions. Specifically, the effect of entrepreneurship education on these intentions is mediated by enhanced creativity. This study reveals that the social environment plays a dual role; it positively moderates the relationship between theoretical entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention, implying that a supportive social context amplifies the effectiveness of theoretical education. Conversely, a favourable social environment attenuates the impact of practical entrepreneurship education on students' entrepreneurial intentions. This study offers novel insights for vocational colleges, aiming to not only bolster students' entrepreneurial intentions but also enrich the understanding of the processes and mechanisms underlying the formation of such intentions in a vocational education context.

The mediation of self-efficacy in the effect of entrepreneurship education on the entrepreneurship intention of university students in South Africa

The purpose of this study is to determine the role that self-efficacy plays in the relationship between entrepreneurship education factors and the entrepreneurship intention of university students in South Africa. An online survey was conducted among students registered at a distance learning institution. The results of the study confirmed that the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurship intention is mediated by self-efficacy. Self-efficacy does not mediate the relationship between work readiness, career education, entrepreneurship orientation and entrepreneurship intention. However, there is a direct relationship between entrepreneurship education and self-efficacy. Work readiness, career education, and entrepreneurship orientation have a direct relationship with self-efficacy. Higher education institutions must not only incorporate entrepreneurship education into their curriculum, but they must also ensure that efforts are made to encourage students to believe in their ability to establish their own businesses.

A cross-cultural study of entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial intentions amongst university students: the roles of individualism and collectivism

A cross-cultural study of entrepreneurial motivation and entrepreneurial intentions amongst university students: the roles of individualism and collectivism

Venture creation through social connections: Role of social networking ties in developing entrepreneurial passion and intentions among university students

Drawing upon S-O-R theory, this study explores the direct and indirect influence of social networking ties (SNTs) on entrepreneurial intention (EI), via the mediation of entrepreneurial passion (EP). It also investigates the moderation effect of the need for achievement (nAch) on the direct relationship between SNTs and EP and further investigates the conditional moderation of nAch on the indirect path from SNTs to EI. Using a sample of 307 Pakistani university students, we employed the PLS-SEM approach to test the model. The results of the measurement model affirmed that the data meet the assumptions of convergent and divergent validities. The findings from the structural model showed that SNTs influence EI both directly and indirectly. Additionally, nAch is also found to positively moderate the link between SNTs and EP. Further, the results of conditional indirect effects infer that the indirect effect of SNTs becomes the most significant for the students who perceive a high level of nAch and the least significant for the students who perceive a low level of nAch. This study adds to the literature by employing the S-O-R approach to understand the link between SNTs and EI via EP and incorporating nAch as a boundary condition.

Examining the mediating role of the theory of planned behaviour in the links between personality, education, opportunities and entrepreneurial intentions

Examining the mediating role of the theory of planned behaviour in the links between personality, education, opportunities and entrepreneurial intentions

How ‘dark’ are Latino: Implications for nascent entrepreneurship

Nascent entrepreneurs, individuals in the initial stages of establishing new business ventures, play a crucial role in both the economy and society. By focusing on personality and workplace dynamics this study analyzes the antecedents of individual's intention to embark on entrepreneurship by using survey data from 1497 employees across nine Latin American countries including Argentina, Peru, Mexico, Chile, Ecuador, Colombia, Bolivia, Cuba, and Brazil. Our cross-cultural results reveal that a higher presence of all three components of Dark Triad traits—Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism—significantly enhances an employee's inclination toward entrepreneurship. Additionally, workers who have higher scores in these three traits perceive themselves as being ostracized or marginalized in the workplace due to their personality characteristics. This perception, in turn, makes them more interested in seeking alternative paths, such as starting their own business. Interestingly, males generally scored higher on Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism compared to females. However, in Cuba, females scored higher than males on all three traits. Geographically, Chilean employees had the highest scores for Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism, while Peruvian employees had the lowest scores for Machiavellianism and narcissism. Cubans scored the lowest in terms of psychopathy. These findings highlight the complex relationship between personality traits and workplace dynamics in influencing entrepreneurial intentions, offering valuable insights into the motivations driving entrepreneurial pursuits.

Women’s Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Case From Madhesh Based On Skill

This study investigates the impact of financial skills on women's entrepreneurial intentions in Madhesh Province. Specifically, it examines how cognitive skills, numerical ability, financial literacy, behavioral traits, risk tolerance, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy influence these intentions. A quantitative research design was employed using a survey with a sample of 385 female respondents, including students, job holders, and entrepreneurs. Data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed via mail and social media. The analysis utilized descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression to assess the relationships between financial skills and entrepreneurial intentions. The analysis reveals that financial literacy and behavioral traits are significant predictors of women's entrepreneurial intentions in Madhesh Province. Conversely, cognitive skills, numerical ability, risk tolerance, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy do not show a statistically significant impact. The study confirms the validity of the regression model through collinearity statistics, ensuring robust results. The findings underscore the importance of financial literacy and behavioral traits in shaping women's entrepreneurial intentions. To promote female entrepreneurship, it is recommended to focus on enhancing financial education and developing key behavioral traits. The study contributes to the literature by highlighting region-specific factors affecting women’s entrepreneurial aspirations and suggests tailored interventions for fostering female-led ventures in Madhesh Province.

Training entrepreneurs in culturally diverse countries. Influence of Social Norms on Entrepreneurial Intention

One of the most influential factors in people's lives is the place of birth. At the educational and employment level, our future is often determined by social and cultural factors associated with the country or region where we are born. This study explores the extent to which National Culture conditions the influence of Social Norms on the Entrepreneurial Intention of business students. We focus on the components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour proposed by Ajzen and on Hofstede's dimensions of National Culture. To test our hypotheses we surveyed 352 business students at universities or business schools in seven countries with large cultural differences. The results of PLS analyses show that the effect of Social Norms on Entrepreneurial Intention is larger among individuals from national cultures with high Power Distance, low Individualism and Short-Term Orientation. These effects of national culture should be considered when designing entrepreneurship education programmes.

Religiosity and Entrepreneurial Intention: A Study of Strawberry Generation

This research will be conducted on the Strawberry Generation, better known as Generation Z, aimed at testing religiosity on entrepreneurial intentions mediated by self-efficacy, subjective norms, attitudes, and entrepreneurial motivation. This study uses a non-probability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method, with a sample size of 207 respondents. The analysis tool that will be used is SEM AMOS 22. The influence of self-efficacy, subjective norms, and entrepreneurial attitudes as a mediation of the relationship between religiosity and the intensity of entrepreneurship in Generation Z is significant, meaning that someone religious makes Generation Z have the intention to entrepreneur because it has high self-efficacy, subjective norms and also high entrepreneurial attitudes. Entrepreneurial motivation apparently does not make a religious entrepreneur intend to have an entrepreneur for Generation Z.

Fostering Entrepreneurial Intentions in a Non-Skills-Focused Education System

This article aims to identify the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intentions of young students when the formal education system does not focus on skills. The authors conducted research based on the theory of Planned Behaviour and the concept of entrepreneurial intentions. The research was carried out in three different schools: an urban public school, a rural public school, and an urban private school. The authors studied entrepreneurial intentions among students in the oldest grades from selected schools. The sample selection was purposive, and all students from these schools participated in the study. The authors used statistical analysis, including a log-linear model, to identify significant predictors of entrepreneurial intentions. The study showed that personal characteristics and family support are critical factors in shaping entrepreneurial attitudes among students from different types of schools. The authors suggest that addressing the mismatch between the education system and the needs of students and the labor market requires institutional and curricular changes and a reorientation of educational policy. Otherwise, personality traits and the support of significant others, such as family and friends, will continue to determine students’ development and future careers.

The Analysis of Trigger Factors of the Environmental Entrepreneurship Process in Saudi Arabia: An Innovative Approach

Environmental entrepreneurship is considered a critical avenue for sustainable development. Despite increasing studies on its benefits and impacts, we lack insights about its corresponding process. There is an increasing need for policymakers to know how to develop this process and what is required for its definition. This research aims to build an innovative theoretical model to explore the trigger factors for the environmental entrepreneurship process in Saudi Arabia, which is the ultimate focus point of this research. To achieve this objective, a deep literature review and a survey of expert entrepreneurs’ opinions were performed. Experts and professionals in entrepreneurship validated the opportunity of readiness factors identified. Data were gathered using a combined approach based on closed-ended questionnaires and arranged interviews according to a schedule. Employing the mixed influence matrix of cross-impact multiplications applied to classification (MICMAC) and the Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) approach, the research identifies a hierarchical model of these factors, addressing why and how they interact according to a specific order and priorities. The investigation reveals 15 factors that are structured into three main levels of influence: (1) factors driving the adoption of environmental entrepreneurship orientation, (2) factors related to environmental entrepreneurship intention, and (3) factors for materializing environmental entrepreneurship behavior. The findings emphasize the complementarity between environmental entrepreneurship intention and orientation as a key factor in generating entrepreneurial behavior. This research pioneers the empirical exploration of environmental entrepreneurship as a process. It contributes significantly to theoretical and practical domains by offering a pragmatic framework and better understanding for policymakers and stakeholders to focus on key factors that facilitate this process. This paper is innovative because it uses the integrative ISM–MICMAC approach, supported by a primary and brief bibliometric analysis of entrepreneurship.

An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurial Intentions of the University Students from Mountainous Region of Pakistan.

Pakistan is an emerging country, that needs to understand the importance of entrepreneurship, which can support its developing economy. Particularly in mountainous region, educated entrepreneurs can develop new business ventures with their innovative ideas and plans. The Hofstede National Culture and the Theory of Planned Behavior are the primary subjects of this research study. The quantitative research approached is used and the data was collected by the questionnaire from the 362 sample of university students from Gilgit-Baltistan with the probability sampling method. The data was tested empirically and analyzed with the help of PLS-SEM. The research findings show positive responses, indicating that students of Gilgit-Baltistan have positive entrepreneurial intentions. The results further revealed that the variable of attitude towards behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control have significant role in developing entrepreneurial intentions. However, the moderating variable of individualism plays an insignificant role in developing entrepreneurial intention. The main contribution of this research was the identification of the various factors which influence the entrepreneurial intention of the university students of Gilgit-Baltistan.

The Role of Cognitive Style in Influencing Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Subsequent Entrepreneurial Intention

Cognitive style has been largely acknowledged to highly contribute to explaining variances in individuals’ behavior. However, very few researchers studied the role of cognitive style in influencing entrepreneurial self-efficacy along the entrepreneurial intention process. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study how differences in preferences towards linear, non-linear and balanced thinking style would affect individuals’ self-perceptions towards entrepreneurial self-efficacy and subsequent intentions to create a new business. This study’s findings reported that non-linear thinking style is negatively correlated to entrepreneurial self-efficacy which subsequently affects entrepreneurial intentions negatively. While linear thinking style was positively correlated to entrepreneurial self-efficacy which in return affects entrepreneurial intentions positively. Moreover, thinking style balance was found to be positively correlated to entrepreneurial self-efficacy that exceeds the magnitude of the Linear-Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy relationship which subsequently affects intentions positively. Furthermore, the relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions had higher significance and was stronger in effect for individuals with balanced thinking style than for those with linear and non-linear thinking style.

Inside the Entrepreneurial Mind: A Diary Research on the Evolution of Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions

The study focuses on examining the entrepreneurial intention of university students through the method of diary research. Specifically, the aim of this research is to investigate the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intention of students throughout the duration of a semester in which they attended the theory and exercises of the “Entrepreneurship and Innovation” course. Furthermore, this study seeks to gain an in-depth understanding of the evolution of this intention over time, and to further analyze students’ thoughts and experiences related to entrepreneurship during the course. The sample consists of 85 individuals who have never attended an entrepreneurship course before and their participation was voluntary. They asked to complete a diary lasting 13 weeks from the first week of the fall semester starting on October 2023 until the last one on January 2024. Findings showed that students formed a positive entrepreneurial intention over time and that their involvement in projects and exercises in groups regarding the formation of a virtual business were the two most important factors that increased their entrepreneurial intention. The factors that inhibited the entrepreneurial intention of the students were the understanding of the elements of the dark side of entrepreneurship and the increased risk taking as well as some specific course contents. An important originality of the research is the use of the diary research tool, which is still at an introductory stage in the social sciences. The analysis of the responses was carried out through content analysis. It is expected that the research will provide a deep understanding of how students perceive, develop, and implement their entrepreneurial over time while attending an entrepreneurship course. The findings are important for educators and curriculum planners as they will highlight the determinants and elements that positively or negatively influenced the formation of students' entrepreneurial intention, allowing the introduction of innovative teaching methods that will enhance individuals' entrepreneurial intention and mindset.

Student's Entrepreneurial Intention in Higher Education – The Entrepreneurship Intention Questionnaire Applied at ESCE – Polytechnic Institute of Setubal

The choice to pursue an entrepreneurial path is the result of a complex cognitive journey. It's vital to comprehend this mental process as it unfolds during the educational phase, especially since entrepreneurship is now a potential career option for a growing number of students. This paper explores and evaluates entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and their antecedents among 132 students from College of Business Administration (ESCE), Polytechnic Institute of Setubal (IPS). To collect data, the research used part of the Entrepreneurial Intentions Questionnaire (EIQ) designed by Liñán and Chen (2009) with additional demographic questions. This paper also examines the role of age, gender, work experience and self-employment in affecting personal attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and entrepreneurial intentions. The research is based on a study developed by Liñan and Chen (2009) that was applied in two different cultures: Spain and Taiwan. This research adds another comparison with students from Portugal and the results allowed the confirmation of the findings of previous studies concerning the relationship between the entrepreneurial intention and the personal attitude and perceived behavioral control.

Education of Future Language Workers: Supporting Students’ Startups as a Teaching Strategy

The article discusses the role of student start-ups in general and their introduction into the academic curriculum as graduation projects in particular. The paper provides an overview and short history of the student start-up as a concept and the term, underlining, on the one hand, a contemporary demand for student entrepreneurship encouragement, their social capital built-up and University-industry collaboration but problematic ambiguity of their realization, on the other. The authors claim the innovations as it goes is most challenging for both teachers and students of non-business academic programs and requires a certain shift in teaching strategies as well as the curriculum. The paper dwells on the existing background of student start-ups in non-business fields and underlines that in such circumstances teaching and extracurricular activities become a major tool to promote the entrepreneurial intentions among the students. The authors claim the academic training can benefit from a suchlike approach and the transdisciplinary projects may serve as a practice-oriented cumulative ground for student start-ups. The paper illustrates how these projects can be implemented. The authors have stepped up their efforts towards introducing a student start-up to show how a certain student project can later launch them into business resulting in creating a new venture.

Munificent Environment Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Intention and Behaviour: The Moderating Role of Risk-Taking Propensity

Munificent Environment Factors Influencing Entrepreneurial Intention and Behaviour: The Moderating Role of Risk-Taking Propensity

Entrepreneurship Education in International Context: Skills, Attitudes and Competencies

Entrepreneurship plays an important role in the economic development of the nations by driving innnovation, economic efficiency, and job creation. On the other hand, entrepreneurship education and international education seem to be an important antecedent for entrepreneurship intentions. In this context, universities and campuses have an important role in fostering entrepreneurial activities, namely extra curricular and curricular programs that empower young and nascent entrepreneurs to develop skills, attitudes and competencies that can later be applied to business creation. The main objective of this study is to present the extra curricular program, EXIT program, and confirm its impact on entrepreneurial skills, attitudes and competencies acquired or developed by students. This study employs a mixed research approach that includes both qualitative and quantitative methods. The results reveals that EXIT program effectively contributes to the development of various attributes associated with student resilience. It notably boosts critical thinking, creativity, initiative, problem-solving, proactivity, responsibility, cooperation, social responsibility, and a balanced mix of ambition, optimism, and realism. EXIT’s impact on student skills development underscores its substantial positive influence, especially in domains like teamwork and communication. Feedback from the focus group discussions attested to the overall positive reception of EXIT by participants. The program demonstrated its effectiveness in improving their entrepreneurial skills, facilitating multicultural experiences, and encouraging collaborative efforts.

Social Cognitive Career Theory on Entrepreneurial Intention of Vocational Students

This study aims to examine the mediating role of outcome expectation and self-efficacy in the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial intention among vocational students. Using a sample of 150 SMK students, data was collected via questionnaires and analyzed using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique in Smart PLS 3.0, with Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) as the theoretical framework. The results show that 1) entrepreneurial knowledge positively influences entrepreneurial intention, 2) self-efficacy mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial intention, and 3) outcome expectation also mediates this relationship. These findings contribute to the literature by validating SCCT in understanding entrepreneurial intention. The practical implications suggest the need for fostering an entrepreneurial ecosystem within the school environment as a strategy to increase entrepreneurial interest among vocational students.

Fear to fail and entrepreneurship intent: examining linkages and potential pathways in Senegal

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the effect of fear of failure on entrepreneurship intent. It utilises survey data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (2015) conducted in Senegal. Analysing a sample of 2364 individuals, the probit model was employed, revealing three key findings. Firstly, fear of failure significantly diminishes entrepreneurship intent. Secondly, individuals who are partially employed demonstrate a heightened inclination towards entrepreneurship. Thirdly, fear of failure consistently impacts entrepreneurship intent regardless of gender. A key policy implication of this research is the necessity to address discrimination in policies designed to support individuals with greater entrepreneurial aspirations.