Entrepreneurial Implementation Research Articles

Perception of the University Students on Entrepreneurship Education

This study focused on the perception of the students on entrepreneurship education. Entrepreneurship education is considered an effective tool for influencing students’ learning orientation and expression. This study examined the effects of entrepreneurship education and learning on the entrepreneurial implementation intentions of students at the Universities. This study employed an explanatory method. For the study, 600 questionnaires were collected from north Indian university students. Multiple regression was used for the analysis of the study. The results showed that teaching methods significantly impact entrepreneurship stimulate students’ interest and enhance students’ knowledge innovation for business start-ups. The findings of the analysis also revealed that practical activities are mainly based on vocational skill activities, the teaching methods should contain extensive attention to critical thinking and idea generation activities as graded mechanisms of the degree program. It was also recommended that engagement of students with entrepreneurial development initiatives provided by institutions should involve students across all degree levels. Therefore, to increase the prospect of assignation in entrepreneurial activities after graduation students should generate viable business ideas, identify market gaps, engage in business startups, and practical business plans, and engage in invention and innovations. Keywords: entrepreneurship, education, teaching, perceptions, university, students

Mối quan hệ giữa giáo dục khởi nghiệp, nhận thức khởi nghiệp, tư duy khởi nghiệp và ý định thực hiện khởi nghiệp

The study identifies factors affecting the entrepreneurial implementation intentions of students at Ly Tu Trong College of Ho Chi Minh City. Research data were surveyed from 225 students (freshman through third year) through a convenient sampling method. The research is based on descriptive statistics, reflective model analysis and structural model analysis use SmartPLS-SEM tool. Research results show that the factors that strongly influence entrepreneurial implementation intention are entrepreneurship education; Perceive the feasibility of starting a business through entrepreneurial mindset of students.

The Role of Entrepreneurial Imaginativeness for Forming Entrepreneurial Implementation Intentions

The Role of Entrepreneurial Imaginativeness for Forming Entrepreneurial Implementation Intentions

Strategic Flexibility - The Role of Effectuation and Entrepreneurial Implementation Intentions

Strategic Flexibility - The Role of Effectuation and Entrepreneurial Implementation Intentions

How entrepreneurial implementation intention moves toward subsequent actions: affordable loss and environmental uncertainty

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap between entrepreneurial implementation intention and subsequent actions, addressing the isotropic issue under uncertain entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted two rounds surveys, a total of 2,350 individuals are surveyed, and 240 of whom expressed entrepreneurial intention but had yet to start a business comprised the sample.FindingsThis research finds that entrepreneurial implementation intention has a significant positive relationship with subsequent actions, affordable loss mediates the effect of implementation intention on subsequent actions, environmental uncertainty negatively moderates the relationship between affordable loss and subsequent actions, and the indirect effect of entrepreneurial implementation intention on entrepreneurial action can be enhanced at the low level of environmental uncertainty.Originality/valueThis study contributes new insights to the literature on Rubicon model of action phases in entrepreneurship field by using affordable loss and uncertainty. It also contributes to the literature on affordable loss by examining how environmental uncertainty conditions the effect of affordable loss on entrepreneurial action. Additionally, the negatively moderating role of environmental uncertainty offers a new possibility to explain entrepreneurial uncertainty.

Entrepreneurship in Technical and Vocational Education and Training: A Bibliometric Review

Entrepreneurship is an important initiative of the country to overcome the problem of unemployment as well as to boost the country's economy. This initiative can be seen through the application of entrepreneurship in Technical and Vocational Training Education (TVET). The existing entrepreneurship in TVET studies are extensive, making it difficult for researchers to make an overview of the field. Therefore, this study was produced to provide an analysis of entrepreneurship in TVET publications on a bibliometric basis obtained through the Scopus database to assist in building and illustrating the literature of studies in the field. This study uses a bibliometric analysis method using Harzing's Publish or Perish for citation metrics and analysis, VOSviewer for data visualization, and Microsoft Excel for frequency analysis. Based on the study results, 4 clusters were obtained to reflect the overall entrepreneurship in TVET: entrepreneurial attributes, entrepreneurial involvement, entrepreneurial implementation, and entrepreneurial needs. Indonesia and the State University of Malang are the highest country and university producing articles in this field. It suggests additional research for discussion in databases such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, Dimension, or PubMed. The combination of these various sources of databases will result in more valuable study results.

Understanding the dynamics of entrepreneurial implementation during the COVID-19 pandemic

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to understand the rational cogent correlation among the factors that are responsible for the implementation of entrepreneurship to reinstate the severely affected ecosystem during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThis paper attempts to identify the various units of entrepreneurship and public policies of entrepreneurship from the coherent literature review and examine the units' objectives. Examination of these units will help understand how the economy can recover from the COVID-19 impact. Total interpretive structural modeling (TISM) and matrix impacts cross multiplication applique and classement (MICMAC) have been used to recognize the factors, which are responsible for detangling the slowdown of the economy.FindingsOn the basis of the literature review, a total of 13 factors have been identified. The TISM methodology represents the hierarchical structure of the recognized factors and examines the pros and cons.Research limitations/implicationsThe TISM lags to explain the strength and bond among the factors. The MICMAC addresses this problem and advises what factor plays an essential role and which factor impact is the least. An advocate administration of the factors could help to achieve a successful entrepreneurial plan.Originality/valueAn analytic study of the literature review demonstrates the relationship among the units to frame an entrepreneurial plan during the COVID-19 pandemic by using the TISM methodology. Hence, TISM provides reasonable facts to examine why and what factors need more attention for the generation of new business starters in the economic crisis.

Entrepreneurship goal and implementation intentions formation: the role of higher education institutions and contexts

The concept of intentionality is widely recognised for its contribution to understanding pre-planned human behaviour, hence the need to fathom its underlying determinants as a precursor to any attempts to predict or influence future human activity. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of supportive environments and higher education institutions on students’ entrepreneurial goal and implementation intentions in Zimbabwe. Also, the study sought to evaluate the applicability of Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour to the context. A cross-sectional quantitative survey of a convinience sample of students from selected higher education institutions in the country was conducted. The 284 responses obtained from the survey were analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling statistical technique. The computer software Smart PLS 3 was used for this purpose. The results indicate a direct influence of university support on entrepreneurial goal intention and perceived behavioural control. In addition, they confirm a direct influence of supportive environments on perceived behavioural control and subjective norms. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that perceived behavioural and subjective norms directly influenced entrepreneurial goal intention. Finally, the results show that entrepreneurial goal intention was a significant predictor of entrepreneurial implementation intention. All other tested relationships were not statistically significant. The study makes two significant contributions to the literature. Firstly, it theorises and empirically tests the influence of supportive educational institutions and external environments on separate classes of entrepreneurial intentions within a single study. Secondly, it tests the relevance of the Theory of Planned Behaviour to two distinct but related categories of entrepreneurial intentions.

Analysis of entrepreneurial implementation intention on vocational education student at Universitas Padjadjaran: An Empirical Analysis

Entrepreneurship is an innovative and creative process that can add value to products, create job opportunities, raise productivity, revitalize, and diversify markets, improve social welfare, and, more broadly, develop the economy. Entrepreneurship education encourages the founding of new businesses by students and alums and equips them with critical decision-making skills that enhance the success of graduates in the job market. That is why we seek to develop better entrepreneurs. Part of that is raising their intentions to start a business; another is making their intentions more realistic. To do both requires a deeper, richer understanding, and analysis of an entrepreneurial implementation intention in vocational education students is essential. In this study, researchers want to know what variables affect Entrepreneurial Implementation Intention in vocational education students at Universitas Padjadjaran. The results of this study found that Entrepreneurial Knowledge affects the main determinant of this research to encourage the increase of Entrepreneurial Implementation Intention.

Dissecting the effect of family business exposure on entrepreneurial implementation intention

PurposeScholars have typically examined family business exposure as an aggregate variable. However, it is probable that this trend oversimplifies the complexity of family exposure and its nuanced influence on entrepreneurial behaviour. Thus, to extend the theoretical boundary, this inquiry investigates distinct dimensions of family exposure in Nigeria while drawing on the theory of planned behaviour.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from five public universities in Nigeria. A sample of 1,314 respondents was analysed using a partial least squares structural equation modelling approach to determine the influence of alternate family business exposures.FindingsThe results show that entrepreneurial exposure in the forms of parent, family member and work involvement have salient and distinctive influences on implementation intention to the extent that entrepreneurial self-efficacy, attitudes and subjective norms are uniquely impacted.Originality/valueThis study offers novel insights on the predictors of entrepreneurial implementation intention through the distinctive effects of (1) family member exposure, (2) parent exposure and (3) work involvement exposure among students in the family firm context.

Bringing Youth Towards Entrepreneurship: A Field Experiment in Pakistan

This study examines the causal effect of a one-day intervention based on motivation, information, knowledge and role modelling on entrepreneurial attitude, entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial implementation intentions in a field experiment. A pre-test post-test design was used (N = 34) with 17 potential entrepreneurs in each group (control and experiment). The pre-test and post-test scores of experiment group allowed the construction of latent change model which was tested by using multivariate linear regressions in partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). The results demonstrated a significant and positive effect of intervention on entrepreneurial attitude, which in turn increased entrepreneurial implementation intentions through entrepreneurial intention. To the best of researchers’ knowledge, the study is the first to simultaneously examine the causal effect of intervention on entrepreneurial attitude and the effect of resultant change in entrepreneurial attitude on entrepreneurial implementation intentions through entrepreneurial intention. This is first attempt to study the effect of intervention beyond entrepreneurial intention and to explore the relationship between entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial implementation intentions. Theoretical implication of the study is that entrepreneurial intention mediates the effect of entrepreneurial attitude on entrepreneurial implementation intentions. Whereas the practical implication of the study is that youth graduating from universities and colleges can be made prefer entrepreneurship over wage employment through short interventions. Limitations have been discussed and future recommendations have been proposed.

An Extended Model of the Theory of Planned Behavior: An Empirical Study of Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Behavior in College Students.

Currently, there are two bottleneck problems in the research of college students’ entrepreneurial intention and entrepreneurial behavior: lack of comprehensive and systematic theoretical framework and empirical analysis to reveal the role path that affects entrepreneurial intention, and most studies ignore the gap between entrepreneurial intention and behavior. Based on the literature review, this study adopted the Theory of Planned Behavior as the theoretical framework introduced entrepreneurial situational factors and entrepreneurial implementation intention, and constructed a two-step extended entrepreneurial intention–behavior model. The structural equation was constructed using AMOS24.0 to empirically analyze the antecedent variables of college students’ entrepreneurial intention and the factors influencing entrepreneurial behavior. The empirical results showed that expected material possessions, expected social reputation, expected self-evaluation, mission and responsibility, and career development are the antecedent variables of entrepreneurial attitude. Support from families and friends, college teachers’ views, and the role models are antecedent variables of entrepreneurial subjective norms. Professional ability, entrepreneurial ability, entrepreneurial experiences, and personality traits are the antecedent variables of entrepreneurial perceived behavior control. In the formation stage of college students’ entrepreneurial intention, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and entrepreneurial situational factors have significant impacts on the formation of college students’ entrepreneurial intention, while entrepreneurial intention, perceived behavior control, and entrepreneurial situational factors have significant impacts on the transformation phase of entrepreneurial behavior. Entrepreneurial implementation intention plays an intervening role between entrepreneurial intention and behavior of college students.

Entrepreneurial implementation intention as a tool to moderate the stability of entrepreneurial goal intention: A sensemaking approach

This study evaluates how entrepreneurial implementation intention (EII) influences the stability of entrepreneurial goal intention (EGI). Two waves of data collection were conducted during and after entrepreneurship education (EE). The moderating role of EII on EGI after a period of approximately one year was tested. The results indicate significant variation between 412 participants of high and low EII during EE. The findings contribute to furthering the understanding of the factors that maintain EGI over time. They highlight the unconscious aspects of students’ behavioral processing that potentially cause controversial results regarding the impact of EE on EGI.

The Impacts of Entrepreneurial Education and Entrepreneurial Implementation on Entrepreneurial Intention: Evidences from Public University in the Northern Malaysia

This study aims to identify the impacts of entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial implementation on entrepreneurial intention among undergraduate students from one of public university in the Northern Region of Malaysia. The theoretical framework for this study is developed based on the literature review. In this study, 488 usable respondents are obtained by using a survey method. Based on the results, it is found that entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial implementation have significant impact towards students’ entrepreneurial intention. The findings presented that students in this institution have moderately high levels of entrepreneurial education (mean=3.70), entrepreneurial implementation (mean=3.12) and entrepreneurial intention (mean=3.64). Results also presented that entrepreneurial education is significantly related to entrepreneurial intention (β=.55, p=.00). Other factor which is entrepreneurial implementation also significantly related to entrepreneurial intention (β=.52, p=.00). These study findings will be fruitful for Ministry of Higher Education (MoHE) including the policy makers and academicians to identify the factors which can create the impact on the university students to be involved into entrepreneurship. Next, the results of this study will provide a guide for the university managements on the formulation and implementation of policies. This knowledge on entrepreneurial education and implementation may help the country to eventually reduce the Malaysian unemployment rate. Last but not least, several directions for the future study have been suggested.

Understanding the Relationships between Entrepreneurial Education, Entrepreneurial Implementation and Entrepreneurial Intention: An Empirical Investigation

This research is conducted to reveal the effects of entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial implementation on entrepreneurial intention among students from the tertiery institution. To analyze this effects, participants from one tertiery institution located in the Northern of Malaysia have been taken as the sample of this research survey. Quantitative method is adopted, and this research received 96.7% responses out of 500 sample size. Findings of this research presented that there was significant effect of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intention with β=.55, p=.00. The similar result is reported on the effect of entrepreneurial implementation on entrepreneurial intention with β=.52, p=.00. Thus, this instituion always have quest of finding the unique ways to enhance the students’ level of entrepreneurial intention. This research would help to suggest on how an adequate entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial implementation would help to increase the level of students’ entrepreneurial intention.

Entrepreneurship education pedagogy: teacher-student-centred paradox

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to answer the research question: “Do different pedagogies used in teaching entrepreneurship education influence individual skill development, which then in turn translates into a likelihood of entrepreneurial implementation intention?”Design/methodology/approachThe number of total participants for the quasi-experiment was 308 undergraduate students in Malaysia, in which pre- and post-test (n=203) and control (n=105) groups are included. Students who enroled in the entrepreneurship course were randomly allocated into a class employing teacher-centred pedagogy or student-centred pedagogy. Learning outcomes are measured by objective and subjective measures.FindingsBoth pedagogical approaches had a positive effect on the development of the learning outcomes. However, the students who learned using the teacher-centred approach statistically developed a higher level of objective and subjective learning outcomes compared to the students who learned using the student-centred approach. The findings also suggest that the relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention mediates by learned skills.Originality/valueThe quasi-experimental design greatly improves the ability to make accurate claims about the impact of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurship-related outcomes. Further, the study uses the implementation intention strategy in measuring the entrepreneurial intention. Thus, the study strongly supports for the view that implementation intention improves predictive validity of the behavioural intention within the framework of theory of planned behaviour by setting out in advance when, where, and how the goal will be achieved.

Understanding entrepreneurial intentions: A developed integrated structural model approach

The primary objective of this study is to develop the pioneering version of Krueger's (2009) integrated model of entrepreneurial intention (EI) and to empirically test the new model in explaining individuals' intentions of entrepreneurial activities. The data were collected by the self-reported in-person and electronic questionnaires from a population of tourism students from several universities in Iran. The results of partial least squares estimations indicate that desirability is the main determinant of entrepreneurial goal intention (EGI), followed by self-efficacy, feasibility, opportunity, attitude, and collective-efficacy, while social norms do not influence EGI. Also, EGI strongly influences entrepreneurial implementation intention. Concerning the modification effect, the impact of perceived opportunity on EGI tends to increase when an individual has a high propensity to act. The findings provide policy makers with important insights into how to nurture tourism students' EIs through educational programs.

Introducing a Model for Implementation of Industrial Policies：A Case Study in Qom Province, Iran

The Model for Implementation of Industrial Policies in Qom Province presented in this paper has five stages which respectively include: culturalization of implementation, Capacity-building of Implementation, entrepreneurial Im- plementation, the synergy in the implementation and finally the successful implementation of industrial policies. Keywords Implementation of Policies, Approaches for Implementation of Policies, Culturalization of Implementation, Capacity-building for Implementation, Entrepreneurial Implementation, Synergy in the Implementation, Successful Im- plementation of Industrial Policies

Innovative Product Development in Hotel Operations

SUMMARY The hotel industry has a hard time resisting the continued globalization pressure. In order to survive the fierce international competition, even hotel chains need to offer their potential customers an added value that they do not receive from their competitors. The product development offers promising integrated solution approaches. Numerous unique characteristics can be established through entrepreneurial implementation of innovative product concepts in hotel operations. Indicating that this can occur in the fullest sense, this theoretical article concludes with an actual product development. Its objective is to demonstrate that the integration of the resource-based view in the product development processes in hospitality and tourism is necessary to generate competitive differentiation opportunities. Environment-based and resource-based views are no longer interpreted as monistic and mutually exclusive, but as complementary management approaches. A practical example underlines the fact that such considerations are already being implemented in hotel chains although they still tend to be neglected in tourism-scientific research.