Dimensions Of Entrepreneurial Orientation Research Articles

The Influence of Intrinsic Factors on Personal Attitude to Start a Farming Business: The Moderating Role of Gender

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the influence of intrinsic factors (proactiveness, motivation, creativity) on the personal attitude of agricultural students to start a farming business in South Africa. This relationship was looked at from gender perspective. Research Design & Methods: An estimated 3,486 students were enrolled for various agriculture-related qualifications in various 27 institutions of higher learning in South Africa when this cross-sectional, quantitative study was carried out. Data from 421 agricultural students were collected through a Prospective Farmers Profile Questionnaire at six institutions of higher learning in South Africa. Findings: The study finds no significant gender influence on all intrinsic factors and also on the personal attitude of agricultural students to start a farming business. The results further revealed that personal attitude to start a business is predicted by intrinsic factors, motivation, and creativity, but not proactiveness. Implications and Recommendations: Entrepreneurial syllabi should aim to equip students with intrinsic factors as these shape the personal attitude to start a business. It is a positive personal attitude that will likely result in a start-up. Farming entrepreneurship, especially among the youth will assist in employment creation as well as food security, two problems that many countries are currently facing. Contribution & Value Added: Proactiveness is one of the most important dimensions of entrepreneurship but agricultural students do not consider it significant in their personal attitude to start a business. Proactiveness should be built into the syllabi for students to be better acquainted with this critical business start-up element.

Understanding individual entrepreneurial orientation

Current research on entrepreneurial orientation is mostly from a firm-level perspective, focuses on developed countries, and recent studies treat entrepreneurial orientation as a uni-dimensional construct. Studies on entrepreneurial orientation from a generational perspective mostly use a comparison between two groups (young and old) and neglect the well-accepted classification of generational cohorts. This study therefore examines the individual dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (risk-taking, innovativeness and proactivity) among the Baby Boomers, Generations X, Y, and Z in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey that yielded a sample of 1,082 adults from Bosnia and Herzegovina. One-way analysis of variance with Brown-Forsythe, Welch’s F, and least significant post-hoc tests were used to test the hypotheses. The results show some evidence that individual entrepreneurial orientation varies significantly between generations, at different levels of significance. Risk-taking generally decreases with older generations, as does innovativeness, except when comparing Generations X and Y, while proactiveness increases with older generations. The study provides valuable information for future entrepreneurs, business incubators and potential investors.

The Dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation in Franchise Networks: Exploring the Role of Franchisee Associations

This study explores how a state-based franchisee association of a multinational quick-service restaurant franchisor introduced three world-first innovations through the activation of the five dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO). The antecedents to this activation were also explored. A historical extended case study focusing on a revelatory case was undertaken. In-depth analysis using a rigorous qualitative methodology was facilitated by the triangulation of informant interviews, publicly available data, archival data, and artefacts. The three innovations explored involved the apparent activation of all five dimensions of EO by the franchisee association. The franchisee association’s structure and the provenance of its franchisee members, in being either externally recruited or internally recruited, appeared to have a bearing on whether product or process innovations were pursued. Five antecedents that enhance the propensity of franchisee associations to activate the dimensions of EO were also identified, and a preliminary model was constructed. Whilst the EO of franchisors and franchisees has previously been examined, this study is the first to explore franchisee associations as a vehicle for EO. With around 75% of franchisors incorporating some form of franchisee association, better understanding how to harness their innovative potential could bestow a competitive advantage upon those franchise systems able to do so.

ICT adoption by mompreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of entrepreneurial orientation

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can benefit mompreneurs, empowering them to start and expand their business. ICTs became even more important for mompreneurs during the COVID-19 pandemic when small business owners had to reinvent themselves and seek alternative ways of maintaining their sales and remaining in the market. In this context, this paper aims to investigate factors related to ICT adoption by Brazilian mompreneurs. The data were collected during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic and were analyzed through structural equation modelling. The descriptive analysis shows that mompreneurs are adopting innovative technologies such as electronic payments, cloud computing, social networks, video conferencing, and others to manage their business. Moreover, the results indicate that two dimensions of Entrepreneurial Orientation (proactiveness and risk-taking) have a significant effect on perceived ease-of-use and an indirect effect on ICT adoption.

Does knowledge management mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance?

PurposeThis study investigates the impact of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and knowledge management (KM) on firm performance (PERF), as well as the mediating role of KM in the EO–PERF (EO-PERF relationship). In particular, this study aims to explain the impact of KM on the relationship between the EO dimensions and PERF; dimensions are risk-taking (RT), innovativeness (IN) and proactiveness (PR).Design/methodology/approachThis study uses structural equation modelling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) methodologies to explore target relationships. The sample consists of 150 small furniture manufacturers operating in Poland (out of 1,480 in the population).FindingsThe study findings show that KM partially mediates the IN–PERF relationship. Furthermore, fsQCA reveals that KM accompanied by IN is a core condition that leads to PERF. Moreover, the absence of KM (accompanied by the absence of RT and IN) leads to the absence of PERF. In addition, the results show that all the variables examined (RT, IN, PR and KM) positively impact PERF.Originality/valueThis study explores the role of KM in the context of EO and its impact on PERF in the low-tech industry. The study uses simultaneously two methodologies that represent different approaches in the search for the expected relationships. The findings reveal that KM mediates the EO-PERF relationship.

The Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation on SMEs’ Performance: Market Orientation as a Mediating Variable

The study investigated the effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) dimensions and performance: Market Orientation (MO) as a mediating role in the case of SMEs in Amhara Regional State of Ethiopia. A Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to analyze and test hypothesis. The result indicates that the direct effect of autonomy, innovativeness, Proactiveness & competitive aggressiveness dimensions of EO are significant. In addition, MO partially mediates autonomy, innovativeness, Proactiveness and competitive aggressiveness dimensions of EO and SMEs’ performance linkages. Therefore, with MO, EO dimensions will give superior SMEs’ performance. However, risk taking has no significant effect on the SMEs performance as well as risk taking -performance relationship was not found to be mediated by MO. Thus, the higher SMEs are entrepreneurially oriented, the more they are willing to be market oriented that intern positively affects the performance of SMEs. The findings reveal owner/managers of SMEs needs to be more entrepreneurially oriented to create a well-built MO environment that enables them intensively competitive in the fast-changing market environment and to improve their performance. This study contributes to the almost wholly overlooked research about east African SMEs’ strategic orientation and performance linkages. Therefore, the study can provide an opportunity to expand the research on other sectors such as construction, agriculture, hotel & tourism and trade business enterprises.

Reinforcing Lecturer Readiness to Change by Increasing Psychological Capital and Engagement

Organizational change demands effective management, with the preparedness of human resources playing a pivotal role in achieving success. This study explores the interplay of psychological capital, work engagement, and entrepreneurial mindsets (both intrapreneurial and entrepreneurial) as predictors of lecturers' readiness for change. Conducted with 331 lecturers from private universities in Indonesia (Esa Unggul, Jakarta state university and Muhammadiyah Pringsewu, the research employs Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM PLS) for data analysis. The findings underscore the substantial influence of psychological capital and work engagement in enhancing lecturer readiness for change. Additionally, work engagement emerges as a critical mediator in the relationship between psychological capital and readiness for change. Notably, the study contributes to our understanding by delving into both intrapreneurial and entrepreneurial dimensions of entrepreneurial mindsets, offering a nuanced perspective on the factors shaping educator readiness for change. The research contributes theoretically by shedding light on the multifaceted roles of entrepreneurial mindsets in strengthening readiness for change, addressing a gap in the existing literature. Practical insights advocate for the cultivation of diverse entrepreneurial mindsets among educators to successfully navigate organizational change. This study establishes a foundation for future research in this evolving domain, emphasizing the significance of entrepreneurial approaches in preparing lecturers for the challenges posed by organizational change.

Governance with relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth in Palestine

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine mediating role of public sector governance in the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth in the Palestinian context during the years 2005–2020.Design/methodology/approachThe necessary data were collected from the World Bank website and the annual financial reports of the Palestinian Monetary Authority. To achieve the study’s objectives, the researcher used content analysis method and regression model.FindingsThere is an effect of some dimensions of entrepreneurship (starting a business, obtaining credit, women starting a business) and public sector governance with dimensions (voice and accountability, political stability and absence of violence, effectiveness of government performance, organizational quality, the rule of law and control of corruption) on economic growth. In addition, there is no mediating effect of public sector governance in the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth.Practical implicationsThe study helps in enhancing the elements of entrepreneurship by evaluating public governance in Palestine. It also offers future researchers a comprehensive vision that encourages Palestinian economic growth.Social implicationsThe paper contributes to showing the reality of public governance indicators for the Palestinian context and the amount of support for entrepreneurial activities indicators that affect economic growth.Originality/valueTrying to activate cooperation mechanisms between government institutions and entrepreneurial institutions to adopt creative projects and ideas, especially for women, needs to focus on activating the principles of public sector governance in addition to facilitating administrative and financial procedures to start commercial projects in a way that enhances economic growth with the need to achieve the highest level of public sector governance indicators.

Analysis of Entrepreneurial Aspects of Appropriate Technology Training Models to Create Farmer Business Opportunities

The objective of this study was to examine the entrepreneurial dimensions associated with the utilization of suitable technology in order to generate commercial prospects for the supported partner villages of maize farmers. The study participants consisted of a sample of 23 agricultural practitioners who underwent interviews and completed a structured questionnaire. The hypothesis suggests that entrepreneurial elements have a beneficial influence on the creation of company possibilities. The aforementioned elements encompass an autonomous mentality, work attitude, propensity for risk-taking, and inclination towards cooperation. The collection of data was conducted through the methods of observation, interviews, and documentation. The research being conducted falls under the category of research and development, commonly referred to as R&D, and is based on Thiagarajan's 4D theory notion, which encompasses the stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The data underwent examination using descriptive statistics and qualitative analytical techniques. Based on the statistical analysis conducted on the four dimensions of entrepreneurship under investigation, it is evident that all of these dimensions exert an impact on the capacity to generate opportunities. Nevertheless, the most significant factor contributing to the creation of business possibilities is the work attitude, accounting for 39% of the overall influence. The present study highlights the expressed desire of farmers to get training in entrepreneurship, with the aim of enhancing their entrepreneurial competencies.

Impact of entrepreneurial orientation on performance and moderating role of crisis perception: multi-method examination

PurposeThis study aims to examine the role of the dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) under turbulent market conditions and reveal the role of an entrepreneur's perception of a crisis in shaping the impact of EO on firm performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), multiple linear regression (MLR) and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The study sample was comprised of 117 one- and two-star hotels that were operating in Poland.FindingsThe results showed that proactiveness and risk-taking significantly affected firm performance. Furthermore, the results revealed that an entrepreneur's perception of a crisis moderated the impact of risk-taking and proactiveness on firm performance. In particular, the findings suggested that, in firms where the crisis strongly influenced their operations, performance was affected by proactiveness, while in those firms where the crisis influenced their operations to a low or moderate degree, performance was affected by risk-taking. Furthermore, fsQCA unveiled the role of innovativeness, which (along with risk-taking) is a sufficient condition that leads to firm performance.Originality/valueTwo characteristics make this study original: first, it investigates EO under turbulent market conditions, and second, it analyzes the role of an entrepreneur's perception of crisis consequences for business operations. The study contributes to the literature on entrepreneurship and crisis management with findings on the different roles of EO dimensions under crisis conditions and an observation about the moderating role of an entrepreneur's perception of the impact of a crisis on operational management and how this perception differentiates the impact of risk-taking and proactiveness on firm performance.

The Influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation Dimension on Supply Chain Performance at PT XYZ Jakarta in 2022

This thesis aims to analyze the influence of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions on supply chain performance at PT XYZ. The supply chain is a vital element in business, including planning, procurement, production, distribution and delivery of products/services to end consumers. Entrepreneurial orientation includes proactiveness, innovation, and risk taking. This research uses a quantitative approach with survey methods and questionnaires distributed to managers and supply chain staff. Secondary data was obtained from literature, financial reports and company documents. Analysis uses SmartPLS 3.2.9 with variance-based structural equation analysis, measuring and modeling data simultaneously. Samples were taken using a saturated sampling technique. The results show that innovation has no significant positive effect on supply chain performance, while proactiveness and risk taking have a significant positive impact. Exogenous variables (innovation, proactiveness, risk taking) explain 53.1% of supply chain performance, the rest is influenced by other factors. The implications of this research provide guidance for companies to increase supply chain efficiency in competitive and dynamic markets.

The Impact of Cultural Norms on Sustainable Entrepreneurship Practices in SMEs of Bangladesh

The objective of this study is to examine the significant impact of cultural norms on sustainable entrepreneurship initiatives in the context of small and medium-sized firms in Bangladesh's dynamic business environment. Utilizing a rigorous research technique, this study conducts semi-structured interviews with a diverse sample of 40 small and medium-sized enterprise owners, executives, and important stakeholders. Following this, a rigorous thematic analysis is conducted, revealing significant themes and complex patterns present in the collected data. The findings reveal a detailed viewpoint, explaining that cultural norms, including factors such as tendencies towards risk avoidance, complex social networks, and the significant impact of family dynamics on business operations, have both positive and negative effects on sustainable entrepreneurship practices in small and medium-sized enterprises. Furthermore, the identified research highlights the utmost importance of governmental policies and regulatory frameworks as influential factors that shape the dimensions of sustainable entrepreneurship. Based on these findings, the research emphasizes the necessity of adopting a comprehensive and integrated strategy that effectively addresses and overcomes the deeply ingrained obstacles rooted in culture. This approach should also prioritize the establishment of a supportive environment, facilitated by well-informed governmental policies and carefully crafted regulations. The implications of these findings have significant resonance beyond the confines of Bangladesh, extending to other developing countries where cultural norms and government regulations can pose substantial obstacles to the achievement of sustainable entrepreneurship. Future research attempts may benefit from delving deeper into the complex relationship between cultural norms and sustainable entrepreneurship practices across various contextual settings.

Girişimcilik Eğilimlerinin Örgütlerde Sosyal İnovasyon Üzerindeki Etkileri: İstanbul Türkiye Soğutma-Isınma Sektöründe Çalışanlar Üzerinde Bir Uygulama.

The purpose of the study is to determine the effects of the entrepreneurship tendency of organizational employees on social innovation. A quantitative study is conducted with participants working in the cooling-heating sector in Istanbul. Survey technique is used for 390 individuals of the sample. In the current study, data collected from the managers in establishments for workers is analyzed using SPSS 23 package software. Reliability analysis of the data is conducted through the Cronbach Alpha coefficient. Skew and kurtosis values are analyzed to determine whether data in sub-dimensions are in the normal distribution. Data transformation is conducted by drawing squares for “Social Innovation” variance that did not distribute normally. Unpaired T-Test and One-Way Variance Analysis (ANOVA) are performed to determine whether Entrepreneurship Scale and Social Innovation Scale show significance in relation to demographic variables. Results show that there is a significance between all variables -except demographic gender- and the dimensions of entrepreneurship. There is a positive significance between social innovation level and entrepreneurship level. In other words, as the creativity level of employees and workers increases their entrepreneurship level rises.

Breaking Barriers: The Path to Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia

Due to the important contribution of women to economic development, we propose to investigate the factors that affect women entrepreneurs’ success in Saudi Arabia. 271 women in Saudi Arabia participated in the study. A conceptual model is developed, while PLS-SEM software is used for analysis. The findings show a positive association between women’s empowerment as successful entrepreneurs and certain dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation, including economic factors, autonomy, innovativeness, and proactiveness. These findings shed light on the factors that influence women’s ability to become successful entrepreneurs and identify the dimensions and external factors in the entrepreneurial orientation model that are the best predictors of women’s success. This paper contributes to new knowledge on the conditions of women’s entrepreneurship by developing and validating an analytic model for promoting women’s entrepreneurship Saudi Arabia. From a policy perspective, the model can inform the design of training programs to support women’s entrepreneurship in the country. The study has practical implications and suggests future directions for research in this field[Formula: see text]

Entrepreneuring for regenerative tourism. Doing business differently in Tasmania’s regional hospitality industry

Regenerative tourism has gained ground during the pandemic crisis as a set of practices and processes that have the potential to refashion the industry. Based on a co-created ethnographic case study focussing on a local restaurant in a popular tourism region in Tasmania, this study raises the question as to what business strategies offer opportunities for regenerative practices to materialise and mitigate concomitant challenges in a post-pandemic world. Drawing attention to the social dimension of entrepreneurship, this study highlights the significance of local embeddedness for tourism businesses to successfully transition to regenerative practices. Conceptually, this investigation is guided by the notion of ‘entrepreneuring’, which denotes an emancipatory process where economic activities are largely motivated by an orientation towards social change and the desire to make a difference in the world. Implementing regenerative practices requires entrepreneurs to disrupt the status quo and do things differently, such as drawing on social networks instead of financial resources, altering discourses and mindsets and, ultimately, pushing for innovation and transformative change. The implications of this paradigm shift for operators in the tourism and hospitality sector need to be prioritized in future tourism research.

Instructional Elements Assessments of Entrepreneurship Education in a Technical University in Malaysia

The technical and vocational education and training (TVET) program occupies the national education system to allow the students to learn practical, hands-on skills aligned with the industries' needs, ultimately preparing the students for the inexorable integration of technology brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0). The rapid pace of change and broad impacts featuring IR 4.0 demand specific critical thinking skills, creativity, and readiness for risks, the qualities that are connected to entrepreneurship. Thus, it clarifies offering entrepreneurship education (EE) alongside a TVET program. There are arguments that EE is poorly embedded into the TVET program in Malaysia. The instructional elements concerned with the content, techniques, and activities through which students engage in creating entrepreneurial knowledge and value are considered essential for EE's success in a TVET program. This study assesses the state of instructional elements (i.e. content, teaching methods, infrastructure facilities, and learning assessments) of EE offered within a TVET program in Malaysia. Data were obtained from 37 students of a private technical university in Malaysia who enrolled for their entrepreneurship course through a series of group interviews. The study enlightens a few meaningful findings to propagate the entrepreneurial culture within a TVET program: (1) the content should be tailored to the readiness of the students, (2) action-based teaching methods should be engaged, (3) prior entrepreneurship experience should be specified for the entrepreneurship lecturer; (4) presence of ideal infrastructure facilities, and (5) learning assessments must be focusing in developing attributes of entrepreneurs.

Examination of Project Tasks in Science Textbooks in Terms of Entrepreneurial Project Characteristic

The emphasis in the literature on the need to integrate science education and entrepreneurship education has been increasing in recent years. Accordingly, the emphasis on entrepreneurship is increasing in both science curriculum and science textbooks. Thus, the entrepreneurship dimension draws attention in the project tasks included in the science textbooks. The aim of this research is to examine the project tasks in the 5-8 grade science textbooks in terms of entrepreneurial project characteristics. Document analysis method was used in the research. The data of the research were obtained from the 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade science textbooks published in 2019. A total of 42 project tasks were analyzed in seven science textbooks. The "Entrepreneurial Project Checklist" consisting of 13 criteria developed by the researchers was used to analyze the project tasks. Basic content analysis technique was used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, it has been determined that while some of the project tasks have entrepreneurial project characteristics, some of them are not sufficiently included in entrepreneurial project characteristics. In addition, it has been determined that all of the project tasks include a stage or instruction that will enable students to create a prototype of their project ideas. On the other hand, it was determined that no stage or instruction was included in any project task that would enable students to associate project ideas with the country's economy. From this point forth, entrepreneurial project characteristics can be included more in the project tasks of science textbooks that will be renewed in the future.

Entrepreneurial orientation across gender in Saudi Arabia: evidence from the Adult Population Survey (APS) of Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM)

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) across genders. The study also highlights the impact of cognitive and motivational factors on the EO in Saudi Arabia.Design/methodology/approachThis is a quantitative analysis based on the Adult Population Survey of 2016 conducted by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor among a sample of 4,053 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.FindingsThe results showed significant differences in most EO dimensions between genders. It was found that EO is positively related to gender, with more women intending to start a venture than men in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Self-efficacy, motivation and social welfare motivational factors for EO are positively associated with the gender of the respondents.Practical implicationsThis paper illustrates the urgency to establish programs that support self-efficacy, motivation and social welfare to promote entrepreneurship among women in the Kingdom.Originality/valueThe study highlights the impact of cognitive and motivational factors on EO among females in Saudi Arabia.

Deconstructed entrepreneurial orientation and export performance: mediating role of differentiation and cost leadership strategy from the developing country context

PurposeThe aim of this study is to examine the effects of innovativeness (INN), proactiveness, (PRC) and risk-taking (RIT) on the export performance of apparel small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and the role of differentiation and low-cost leadership (LCL) strategies as mediating effects between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) dimensions and the performance of exporting firms. INN, RIT and PRC are considered EO dimensions.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional survey was carried out by providing a questionnaire to the owners, directors and senior managers of the apparel SMEs – the primary data of 550 treated by structural equation modeling (SEM) technique for final data analysis.FindingsThe study has revealed the positive dimensional effect of EO on export performance. For the mediation effects of differentiation and LCL, differentiation strategy (DS) positively mediates between INN, PRC and export performance. However, no mediation has been found between RIT and export performance. On the other hand, LCL has found positive effects between INN, RIT and export performance. However, the mediation effect was absent between PRC and export performance.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations/implications- This study has been conducted on only Muslim owners, senior export managers and directors of apparel SMEs in Bangladesh. It has examined the two main competitive strategies as a mediator between EO dimensions and export performance. The findings of this study are based on one country data analysis.Practical implicationsEO, differentiation and low-cost leadership (LCL) strategy are resources and capabilities of an organization to create a competitive advantage to enhance performance. The factors of this research are helpful for SME practitioners.Originality/valueThe direct and indirect effects (differentiation and LCL strategy) of EO dimensions on export performance in an emerging country, i.e. the South-Asia region, is a pioneer study. Therefore, current research has theoretical and managerial implications for the international business and strategic management literature.

Women's interest in Self-employment: Understanding the impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Skills, and Behaviors: Mediating Role of Entrepreneurial Intentions

Entrepreneurs all across the global community are exploring entrepreneurship as a means to build wealth, operate the economy, and satisfy their dream of independence.This research aims to shed light on entrepreneurial skills, entrepreneurial education, perceived behavior control, and perceived family support for the career success of entrepreneurs in Pakistan. A self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data; all 166 responses were analyzed employing a technique known as partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).The findings of the study show that entrepreneurial skills and education have a more significant favorable impact on women's success in their careers where in the presence of intention, perceived behavior control is a unique predictor of career success make known to by this study. Furthermore, perceived family support is a substantial moderator of entrepreneurial intentions and career success is also another contribution of present study. According to the findings, entrepreneurial intentions are the most significant mediator between entrepreneurial attributes and the career success of women entrepreneurs. The government should implement programs to foster self-employment, provide financial support, and change the rules and regulations to allow individuals of all ages to establish their own businesses as a career. As a result, the labor ministry and social welfare agencies can get fresh insights through this research in order to boost the proportion of women to male labor in the global labor market.