Entrepreneurial Attitudes Research Articles

Pengaruh Sikap dan Pengetahuan Kewirausahaan Terhadap Kesiapan Berwirausaha Dengan Self-Efficacy Sebagai Variabel Intervening

This study aims to test the entrepreneurial readiness model by presenting self-efficacy as an intervening variable that mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial attitudes and entrepreneurial knowledge. The population in this study was all students of the Entrepreneurship Study Program of Makassar State University which amounted to 300 students with a sample of 43 students. The research method used is the Quantitative method. The propotional random sampling technique was used to select a sample of 43 respondents from the Entrepreneurship Students of Makassar State University. Data collection with questionnaires, data analysis through Path Analysis. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, this can be a source of information or reference for teaching staff or lecturers in order to direct and guide students regarding the development of Entrepreneurship readiness, students are expected to further deepen attitudes and knowledge related to business management. but also able to do business ventures and develop them.

Establishing effects of entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial intent of graduating University students in Western Uganda

This study investigated the effects of entrepreneurial attitude and entrepreneurial intent of graduating University students in Western Uganda. The study adopted cross-sectional and causal-comparative research designs on a sample of 435 graduating students in Western Uganda. Descriptive results revealed that students entrepreneurial intent (x̅ = 3.03) was good with its aspects that were namely; entrepreneurial desire (x̅ = 2.73), entrepreneurial self-prediction (x̅ = 3.12) and behavioural intention (mean = 3.25) all being good. Entrepreneurial attitudes constructs including achievement attitude (x̅ = 2.90), personal control (x̅ = 2.90) and business management skills (x̅= 2.76) were equally good. Inferential results revealed that entrepreneurial attitudes (β = 0.224, p = 0.000 < 0.05) had a positive and significant effect with entrepreneurship intent. Therefore, it was concluded that achievement attitude, personal control and business management skills are probable skill requirements for entrepreneurial intent. Thus was recommended that technical and business management skills and managers of universities should establish teaching environments that create achievement, personal control and self-referent beliefs in students.

An empirical investigation of the effectiveness of online entrepreneurship education among university students in Egypt

Since providing entrepreneurship education to students without examining its impact might not lead to achieving the desired goals, coupled with the lack of research on the impact of online entrepreneurship education, it is important to understand the role and effectiveness of this medium of teaching to develop entrepreneurial students. Thus, this study explores the direct effect of online entrepreneurship education on Egyptian students' entrepreneurial attitude, self-efficacy, and interest, to inform educators if they will need to adjust their pedagogical approaches, to improve the students' learning outcomes and as well universities to put right strategies for their online entrepreneurship education programs. A survey based on the Engineering Entrepreneurship Survey developed by Duval-Couetil, Reed-Rhoads and Haghighi, was emailed to a total of 400 university students enrolled in entrepreneurship courses, divided into two groups according to the medium of delivery. The results have shown that online EE has a positive impact on students, however, it remains less than online EE.

Subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention: A moderated-serial mediation model

PURPOSE: This study aims to clarify the effect mechanism of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention. The results of how subjective norms contribute to forming start-up intention are inconsistent and unclear, which is notable in previous research. By integrating the theory of planned behavior and the theory of self-efficacy, we investigate whether entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship serially mediate the relationship between subjective norms and intention to start a business. In addition, this study examines the moderate role of entrepreneurial education on the serial indirect effect of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship. METHODOLOGY: This study utilized a sample of 958 master’s students in Vietnam to investigate a moderated-serial mediation model of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was carried out to check the reliability and validity of the scales. Then, the SPSS PROCESS macro developed by Hayes was employed to test the research model. Specifically, Model 6 was used to examine the serial indirect effect of subjective norms on start-up intention and Model 84 was implemented to investigate the moderate effect of entrepreneurial education. FINDINGS: The results of this study found that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude significantly mediate subjective norms’ effect on entrepreneurial intention. Especially, the results reveal that the serial mediation effect of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship was significant and entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude toward entrepreneurship played a fully mediating role in the relationship between subjective norms and start-up intention. In addition, this study found that the serial mediation effect of subjective norms on start-up intention via entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude was negatively moderated by entrepreneurial education. IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study further clarify the relationship between subjective norms and entrepreneurial intention and the role of entrepreneurial education, therefore, contributing to narrowing the notable gap between this relationship. Besides, our study provides several implications for governments and policymakers to promote the intention to start a business. The finding of our study indicates that subjective norms are an important factor in promoting entrepreneurial intention. Therefore, policymakers should take some actions to promote entrepreneurial culture, such as strengthening propaganda activities to promote the image of successful entrepreneurs, praising businesses and entrepreneurs who contribute to society, and giving evidence of their contribution to the development of the country. Promoting an entrepreneurial culture may increase peer group pressure on potential entrepreneurs, thus enhancing the intention to start a business. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: This study expects to contribute to a better understanding of the effect mechanism of subjective norms on entrepreneurial intention and explain the role of entrepreneurial education in this relationship. This study explores the mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial attitude in the relationship between subjective norms and the intention to start a business. Additionally, this study demonstrates that entrepreneurial education weakens the serial mediation model of subjective norms on the intention to start a business.

Can Culture Stimulate Innovation for Technopreneurship? A Grounded Theory Method

Among factors influencing and shaping innovation in different societies is the prevailing culture. Most forms of individualistic cultures affect innovation significantly and positively. key factors that influence innovation among early-stage startups are government interventions, innovation policy and financing. This study has three key objectives. The first is to examine how culture influences innovation among technology startups in Malaysia. The second objective is to explore factors associated with technology innovation. The third objective is to assess how innovation influence financing for technology startups. The study employs grounded theory as the main methodological approach to analyze primary data. A qualitative survey carried out a series of semi-structured interviews with technology entrepreneurs[1], relevant government agencies, industry associations, venture capitalists and leading accelerators. The study finds that culture can be an impediment to innovation. Factors such as collective culture and herd mentality behavior were identified as barriers to innovation and fear of failure was attributed to low entrepreneurial innovation. Entrepreneurial attitude, on the other hand, was identified as a significant quality that is positively related to innovation among technology startups. Data analysis reveals that technopreneurs who display a positive attitude, determination, perseverance and self-efficacy are more likely to display some form of innovation in their startup. These technopreneurs were more likely to be financed by venture capital funds and private or angel investors. Other factors that influence innovation are, the capacity to commercialize, overall entrepreneurship culture, incubators facilities and capabilities and market size. Based on the findings, the study offers a proposed framework that encapsulates elements, factors and components that affect innovation.

Entrepreneurial attitudes as driving forces in times of European uncertainty: The role of entrepreneurial education

Entrepreneurial attitudes as driving forces in times of European uncertainty: The role of entrepreneurial education

Moderating effect of human capital factors on the relationship between entrepreneurship training and entrepreneurial orientation: an empirical study on micro-sized businesses

Despite the fact that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is widely studied in specific literature, little has been done to understand the ability to teach EO, or address the factors that could affect the adoption of such an important strategic entrepreneurial attitude. In this study, we used hierarchical linear regression to test the moderating effect of human capital factors on the relationship between entrepreneurship training and EO. We tested the research hypotheses on 1,330 micro-entrepreneurs who had been previously trained on entrepreneurial attitudes. We found no moderating effect of any of the tested human capital factors such as age, gender, education level, or previous work/job experience. The uniqueness of this study lies in its attempt to investigate the moderating effect of human capital factors on the relationship between entrepreneurship training and EO. According to the findings of this study, we concluded that entrepreneurs can learn and adopt entrepreneurial orientation in their businesses regardless of age, education level, gender, or work experience.

Can Culture Stimulate Innovation for Technopreneurship? A Grounded Theory Method

Among factors influencing and shaping innovation in different societies is the prevailing culture. Most forms of individualistic cultures affect innovation significantly and positively. key factors that influence innovation among early-stage startups are government interventions, innovation policy and financing. This study has three key objectives. The first is to examine how culture influences innovation among technology startups in Malaysia. The second objective is to explore factors associated with technology innovation. The third objective is to assess how innovation influence financing for technology startups. The study employs grounded theory as the main methodological approach to analyze primary data. A qualitative survey carried out a series of semi-structured interviews with technology entrepreneurs[1], relevant government agencies, industry associations, venture capitalists and leading accelerators. The study finds that culture can be an impediment to innovation. Factors such as collective culture and herd mentality behavior were identified as barriers to innovation and fear of failure was attributed to low entrepreneurial innovation. Entrepreneurial attitude, on the other hand, was identified as a significant quality that is positively related to innovation among technology startups. Data analysis reveals that technopreneurs who display a positive attitude, determination, perseverance and self-efficacy are more likely to display some form of innovation in their startup. These technopreneurs were more likely to be financed by venture capital funds and private or angel investors. Other factors that influence innovation are, the capacity to commercialize, overall entrepreneurship culture, incubators facilities and capabilities and market size. Based on the findings, the study offers a proposed framework that encapsulates elements, factors and components that affect innovation.

The contribution of migrant enterprises and businesses in Ecuador's economic history

The objective of this article is to make known the social and economic impact of migrants in Ecuador, through the study of bibliographic material from official sources and surveys conducted to compare the migratory and entrepreneurial reality in the country with international statistics that have the purpose of providing an amplified vision of the importance that this type of entrepreneurship has in Ecuadorian territory. Entrepreneurship has emerged as an alternative to carry out commercial activities by people who have creative and innovative ideas, nowadays it has become more frequent since it provides autonomy to entrepreneurs and the opportunity to implement projects to ensure their welfare and professional growth. Migrants usually have an entrepreneurial attitude due to the firm intention of improving their quality of life. In the development of this project, it can be observed that most of the migrants in Ecuador are of Venezuelan nationality, who were motivated to become entrepreneurs due to the lack of employment or jobs with insufficient salaries. Based on the data collected from the sources consulted, it was possible to make a comparison between the levels of education, where they highlight levels of study ranging between second and third level, showing an inclination to have a good academic preparation.

Psychometric properties of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire (EIQ) in Dominican Republic adolescents

Introduction: This work represents the first attempt to obtain evidence of the validity of an entrepreneurial intention questionnaire in the adolescent population of a Latin American or Caribbean country. The objectives are to study the factor structure, the reliability, the external validity and to test the gender invariance of the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire, in its adaptation for adolescents. Method: The sample consisted of 708 adolescents from the Dominican Republic with a mean age of 15.49, 65.2% of whom were women and 35.8% were men. Analyses included confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach’s Alpha and Omega scores for reliability, correlations, and a gender invariance routine. Finally, latent means of females and males are compared. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis showed a good fit to the data and the reliability results were adequate. In addition, the correlations with the Entrepreneurial Attitudes Scale for Students were positive and statistically significant. Also, strict gender invariance was successfully verified. Although males presented a higher subjective norm, females showed higher entrepreneurial intentions. Conclusions: The Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire shows adequate psychometric properties and proves useful in conducting research on the promotion of entrepreneurship in early stages.

THE EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION DIMENSIONS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET OF PUBLIC UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN PLATEAU STATE

Entrepreneurship is key to contributing to innovation, job creation, and a nation’s economic and societal advancement. This study borrows from social cognitive and engagement learning theories to establish a position that explains the entrepreneurial mindset among university graduating students, owing to the rate of graduates’ engagement in entrepreneurial activities. Similarly, since a positive entrepreneurial mindset promotes participation in entrepreneurial activities, this study examines the effects of an entrepreneurial mindset among university students in Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was adopted to achieve the study objectives, using a sample of 369 graduating students (400 levels) across the University of Jos and Plateau State University, Bokkos, in Plateau State. The quantitative data analysis involved descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling using SPSS 25 and AMOS 23, based on 349 usable observations. The findings indicate that entrepreneurship education in terms of active learning, curricular content, and extracurricular activity is a significant predictor of entrepreneurial mindset. The primary conclusion is that the integration of entrepreneurship education dimensions, which predict entrepreneurial mindset dimensions at a composite level, is essential to the entrepreneurial mindset model of students in Nigerian universities. As a result, the study’s findings lend credence to the theoretical framework chosen. In addition, policymakers should develop and implement an active entrepreneurship education program with the goal of encouraging university students to adopt an entrepreneurial attitude. The policy implication is that universities in the twenty-first century should employ and train lecturers who are resourceful and have the skills and competence in teaching entrepreneurship that will enhance the active engagement of students and entrepreneurial mindset. Also, providing an enabling environment that fosters lifelong learning for students by Nigerian universities is a policy implication.

Dual studies as a response for the needs of the contemporary market

Purpose: Dual studies, a modern educational programme combining conventional academic classes with professional work, they are enjoying a growing popularity among students and companies. Dual studies are an alternative form of obtaining employees by employers. Employers during the work placement they have the opportunity to offer to the students the internships and employment in their company. For the students it is a chance to gain the experience. The research presented in the article are referring to the dual studies at the Faculty of Organization and Management at the Silesian University of Technology in the field of Logistics 2nd rank. These studies began in February 2019 and it will take three terms. The purpose of the article is to answer for the questions if dual studies are the best answer for the requirements of the contemporary labor market and if dual studies are the optimal model of graduate education. The research will be conducted in 4 steps: after the 1st term and terminated work placement; after terminated internship; after the third term and after one year from the defense of the master's thesis. Design/methodology/approach: In this article were used the interview and questionnaire method. Interviews and questionnaire were conducted with both students and companies where the practice and internships taken place. Findings: Obtained results provide preliminary information regarding to the effects of the first term, usefulness of classes, use of the knowledge gained during the work placements and internships. The results of the research present the expectations of the employer towards graduates in scope to their competences: knowledge from the field which they are studying, and soft competences in the scope of teamwork or communication. Originality/value: Dual studies are a new form of education, having a practical nature and combining the acquisition of knowledge and experience at the same time. Students are theoretically prepared, thanks to which they can find themselves in the industry in practice. Dual studies are a source of potential benefits for various groups of stakeholders (universities, employers, students). Dual studies are presented in the article as a form of development of entrepreneurial attitudes and professional competences of students (including social competences highly valued in the labor market). These studies are a great opportunity to prepare for the requirements posed by the labor market for each graduate. Keywords: logistics, dual studies, modern educational model, trainings, market requirements. Category of the paper: general review.

Influence of students' personality, gender, income and age on their intentions to create new information technology and telecommunications ventures.

Businesses associated with information technology and telecommunications have increased in importance since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic due to transformations in working and buying. Currently, universities in Latin America are making efforts to strengthen entrepreneurial attitudes and skills in their students. In this context, it is of interest to understand how the combination of personality traits, gender, income and age/generation affect entrepreneurial intentions toward these kinds of businesses. This research analyzes the responses of 788 university students from Chile and Ecuador to an online self-report survey using regression models with the aim of evaluating the effect of Big Five personality traits on the intention to undertake information technology and telecommunications businesses and measuring the moderation of gender, family income, and belonging to the centennial generation. The findings support a significant influence of the traits of neuroticism, openness and conscientiousness on entrepreneurial intention and suggest that female gender and higher family income have a negative impact on the intention to undertake these businesses. Moreover, an important moderating effect of female gender and lower family income levels is supported. This study sheds new light on students' characteristics that affect their participation in information technology and telecommunications ventures through the identification of a unique combination of relevant personality traits, gender and income levels. The findings are useful for designing and developing appropriate programs aimed at developing this kind of technology business in Latin America as well as promoting the entrepreneurship of groups that express a lower intention to undertake businesses, such as female students.

Attitudes of the Postgraduate Students of Manipur University towards Entrepreneurship

The attitudes of the student were studied using affective, behavioural, and cognitive components during 2020-2021 among the postgraduate students of Manipur University (MU). A structured interview schedule was used and data were collected from 160 respondents using stratified random sampling from five Schools of Studies of the university. Entrepreneurship Attitudes Score of students was found to be ‘0.647’ for the School of Humanities; ‘0.635’ for the School of Human & Environmental Sciences, ‘0.702’ for the School of Social Sciences, ‘0.609’ for the School of Life Sciences; ‘0.677’ for the School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences. The overall score of students’ attitudes towards entrepreneurship was found to be 0.65, revealing that the majority of the students (58.28%) were moderately favourable towards entrepreneurship. Kruskal-Wallis test was used and found that students of the School of Social Sciences and male students showed higher attitude towards entrepreneurship; 44.14 per cent of the students showed highly favourable towards entrepreneurship. School of Social Science students were found to be more aware of the potential resource and were more aware of different programmers, schemes, ideas and strategies. Such potent and knowledgeable students should be selected and nurtured with proper training, exposure and making them aware of different Government schemes.

The color shades of leaders in the countries of economic transformation: the case of Poland

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to identify the process of shaping leaders in a transformed Easter European Countries (EEC) like Poland based on the case study in the IT sector. Design/methodology/approach: A research analysis of the world literature on the subject indicates that these issues have yet to be studied from a long-term perspective. In light of the economic system, the author describes the difference and core attributes for emerging leaders. The author uses the case study of the two IT leading companies and their leaders from roots up to final mergers and acquisitions of each other. Findings: The case study shows that in a long-term perspective the key role is played by the founders based on grounded education, experience, embodied entrepreneurship attitudes, ethics, openness for innovations, independence of unclear relations, and mission are crucial to developing with success the company. Research limitations/implications: The research covers only case studies so that it could be extrapolated to prominent players in specific sectors for companies with the activity of more than ten or even 20 years on the market. Practical implications: The research could be used for training or teaching courses related to MBA, postgraduates, or management program study. Based on the review, the other companies can measure the risk with new potential countries in their early stage of new free markets. The leadership model could be duplicated so that marker analysts and decision-makers could conduct an in-depth study about the leaders in certain countries. The in-depth collaborations should have a long-term perspective with a clear and correct leader and/or founder. The students should consider working in companies with solid leadership ethics to build their prospectus careers. Social implications: The public organization and authorities should cooperate and take a donation from ethical companies and leaders. Hiding support from ethical leaders/founders could be taken without obligations. Donations do not mean even PR. Originality/value: This review emphasizes that becoming a leader means possessing skills that should be shaped during education and even socialization. Leaders could cover their unethical behavior or incompetence to became a manager, but it would provide a huge, postponed on time disaster for the company. The paper is addressed to all potential and present leaders, including students, during their study. Keywords: company survival factors, education, leadership, mergers&acquisitions. Category of the paper: Case study, General review.

Do digital literacy and business sustainability matter for creative economy? The role of entrepreneurial attitude

In the last decade, the significant of the creative economy has continued to strive in taking part in the momentum of economic revival as the impact of the corona virus disease (Covid-19). This study highlights the factors affecting the creative economy, digital literacy, business sustainability, and entrepreneurial attitudes. In this study, a quantitative approach using structural equation modeling with partial least squares (PLS-SEM) was used to predict and confirm the hypotheses presented. This research was conducted for housewives on the islands of Sumatra, Java, and Bali in Indonesia using a google form questionnaire. The total sample was 500 respondents from these three islands. The findings indicate that digital literacy can explain the creative economy, business sustainability, entrepreneurial attitude. However, the variables of entrepreneurial attitudes need support from digital literacy and business sustainability. This research is a follow-up to the creative economy sector post the Covid-19 pandemic.

Student involvement in building entrepreneurial attitudes and social and business activities of SMEs: Discussion of survey findings

Background: This study investigates the involvement of Polish student entrepreneurs in business and social activities. 
 Research objectives: To identify factors impacting business efficiency and to assess respondent involvement in their firm’s operations and social initiatives. 
 Research design and methods: A survey involving 720 respondents was conducted in 2022 using CAWI and SPSS Statistics for data analysis. 
 Results: The study findings suggest that a firm’s social initiatives can affect its business efficiency in areas such as image, profitability, competitive advantage, trust, customer relations, and investor interest. 
 Conclusions: Firms focusing on the above-mentioned areas can enhance their efficiency, competitiveness, customer loyalty, and investor trust. However, the survey participants indicated moderate involvement in these activities.

Silver Entrepreneurship as an Instrument for Activating Seniors on the Labor Market in Poland

The current discourse on the professional activation of seniors is based on the “on the aging society” paradigm. The progressive aging of the population creates new challenges for socio–economic life. The negative phenomena of these changes are withdrawal from public life, loneliness, and even discrimination against seniors. Prevention of these phenomena is widely described in the literature, finding its expression in theories of withdrawal, activity, exchange, modernization, or in the theory of social competence and breaking away, for example. Without negating these theories and concepts, we propose a look at the activity of seniors through the paradigm of “extending human life,” which may actually mean their prolonged professional activity. Of course, this requires the reconstruction of the socio–economic model in both the micro and macro social dimensions with a view to adapting to the aging of society, its manifestations, and consequences. In the article, we present silver entrepreneurship as an instrument of professional activation of seniors that is aimed at the inclusion and utilization of the knowledge, potential, and experience of older people. We perceive the concept of silver entrepreneurship as a component of the theory of entrepreneurship, especially the shaping of the entrepreneurial attitudes and behaviors of seniors.

Benchmarking strategic orientation and firm performance: An analysis of entrepreneurial orientation dimensions

Learning from other firms is identified as an important resource for firm survival. Benchmarking is a learning mechanism that can aid firms in identifying superior organisational capabilities and behaviours among other firms. Firms that possess stronger benchmarking capabilities and are able to align their strategic posture with those of market leaders, may be more likely to enjoy greater firm performance. One strategic posture that has been shown to lead to higher performance is a firm’s entrepreneurial orientation (EO). Notwithstanding, the benchmarking of organisational entrepreneurial postures as a route to enhanced firm performance has received little attention. We empirically examine firm performance implications regarding deviation in key EO dimensions from those of top performing firms. Results suggest that the alignment of various dimensions of EO with those of top-performers are more outstanding than others and that the direction of deviation from the benchmark connotes performance implications. We discuss limitations and potential for future research.

Hubungan antara Motivasi Berwirausaha dengan Sikap Kewirausahaan bagi Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Otomotif Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Padang

The purposes of this study are to (1) describe the entrepreneurial spirit of automotive engineering students, (2) describe the motivation of the entrepreneurial spirit of automotive engineering students, and (3) see whether entrepreneurship and motivation have a relationship between For automotive engineering students This research is a descriptive analysis research. , regression and correlation, data collection was carried out using questionnaires and literature studies as additional data. In this study, the sample was 8th semester students as many as 35 students. Survey Results (1) The level of student entrepreneurship attitude for entrepreneurship is 71.36% in the "good" category. (2) while for motivation in entrepreneurship with a value of 76.64% with a level of "good" category. (3) Analyzing the relationship between entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship with product moment, obtained a score of 0.655, with a coefficient of determination of 53.40%, and it is known that the variable for attitude to entrepreneurship has an influence with the motivation variable for entrepreneurship with a value of 54.40%, and which has other influences. is the personal ability of students, environmental conditions, family and friends around them