Entrepreneurial Approach Research Articles

Emerging technological innovation in Gaza Strip municipalities: an entrepreneurial approach

To boost corporate efficiency in both the public and private sectors, innovation is fundamental. Efficient technological transfer and the role of public–private sector collaboration play a major role in the modern growth of knowledge-based economies. As a public service organization, municipalities normally coordinate with all partners to draw up strategies and use them in communities. A new vision is needed for the Gaza Strip municipalities, where all public and private stakeholders work together to co-design and co-develop new cutting-edge products and services aimed at generating shared value through entrepreneurial behavior. However, concrete examples of smart city projects revealed that municipalities often do not have the necessary capabilities as well as innovative approaches to collaborate with start-ups and other stakeholders’ ecosystems. So, this paper aims to analyze innovation in the municipal sector shedding light on the barriers and challenges that municipalities in the Gaza Strip face in smart city development. This study uses primary data gathered from various stakeholders through focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and webinars to conclude how the Gaza Strip municipalities can work to address challenges in the smart city context; and to explore how to promote an ecosystem of entrepreneurship and innovation to support the adoption of new hi-tech technologies in the municipal sector. The Gaza Strip municipalities need to offer the necessary conditions for entrepreneurial talents who can bring their creative mindset, and technological experiences to the table, making it possible to build the best teams to solve any challenge. The research also concluded that Open Innovation Platforms can be seen as an important tool for enabling start-ups and researchers to develop innovative Hi-Tech solutions.

Keep on keeping on: A psychological approach to entrepreneurial persistence

Persistence typifies the behavior of most successful entrepreneurs. Yet systematic theory about entrepreneurial persistence is lacking. This paper theorizes about psychological differences that lead some entrepreneurs to persist appropriately while others quit too soon or persist excessively. Building on self-regulation literature, we develop a theory of entrepreneurial persistence, called entrepreneurial psychological resource approach. Our paper makes two primary contributions to guide future research: a research model expanding upon the resource-based perspective in entrepreneurship research, and an evaluative component relating psychological resources to entrepreneurial persistence.

A Comparison between Deep Patterns of Education within Reformative Views in Contemporary Romania with Respect to Critical Thinking and Philosophical Competencies

Modern education has definitely entered an “age of measurement”, as educational specialist and philosopher Gert Biesta put it, and there is academic research that clearly shows that this operational and utilitarian shift comes with a cost as far as humanistic education and philosophical critical thinking is concerned. The implicit premise of this view is that every educational outcome can be properly measured and that every legit educational objective can be reframed as competence with components that can be properly measured. Moreover, these objectives are seen as attainable in principle through fully controllable processes that can be supervised and kept functional during every stage of their development. In this article, we argue that this view derives from a transfer of view and motives between the domains of entrepreneurship and education that this transfer, natural as can be in these times of scientific, technological and information based times, affects some of more conservative aims of education and can be potentially harmful for critical thinking and active citizenship competencies. In Romania, we are facing a clear shift in paradigms, replacing a model that is in its deepest forms poetic, formative and magisterial with models that favor more entrepreneurial and quantitative approaches. These later models are in principle based on attaining critical thinking skills, but we shall argue in this article that, inside this paradigm of efficiency and measurement, critical thinking has limited powers and functions and that a mixed model, that is still based on humanistic views and its dedicated to educational ideals that go further and deeper than entrepreneurial efficiency, is better suited for cultivating critical thinking.

A conceptual model for enabling sustainable management of soil-sediment-water ecosystems in support of European policy

Abstract The health of soil-sediment-water ecosystems is under pressure from economic activities and a changing climate. This decreases health and hampers the service provision capacity of these ecosystems and thus impacts human well-being. Protecting and where feasible restoring of ecosystem health has currently become the key European environmental policy objective and for this it is needed to take an entire system approach and engage stakeholders. ‘Entire’ means that soil, sediment and water are regarded as closely interlinked environmental matrices that need to be managed by taking a ‘river (or mountain) to sea’ perspective, crossing spatial, discipline, political and cultural boundaries. This paper presents a conceptual model to support that purpose. Essentially, the conceptual model presents an approach for ecosystem-based management aimed to achieve healthy ecosystems, i.e. soil-sediment-water ecosystems that have the continued capacity to support ecosystem services to the benefit of their users. The model proposes a cyclic (iterative, learning-by-doing) approach and integrates soil-sediment-water, ecosystems, ecosystem services, users (stakeholders), pressures, information, management strategy and program of measures as building blocks. To successfully apply the model, it is above all needed to take an entrepreneurial approach, i.e. leave comfort zones, take an adventurous road, learn together to manage together, be adaptive and consider other than only command-and-control solutions. Furthermore, authorities should become facilitative leaders to engage users in co-creation of an ecosystem-based management strategy. Real live and place-based experimenting with multiple stakeholders, such as in the Living Labs and Lighthouses that are proposed in the EU soil mission, may provide an ideal instrument for such application, i.e. where the conceptual model can be used and support the achievement of European environmental policy objectives.

Entrepreneurial Decision-Making Approaches of Award-Winning Women Business Operators in Kandy District of Sri Lanka

Women's entrepreneurship has been widely identified as a driver of economic and social development worldwide. However, literature in women entrepreneurship argues that women entrepreneurs lag behind men and women business operators are constrained. Despite numerous constraints faced by Sri Lankan women business operators, some have overcome such barriers and become successful, and also have achieved provincial and national level recognitions through winning awards. Women business operators who have earned such recognitions warrant investigations to unravel the entrepreneurial decision-making approaches they have adopted to overcome various challenges in constrained environments. Therefore, this research aims to study the entrepreneurial decision-making approaches of award-winning women business operators in the Kandy district of Sri Lanka using theoretical lenses of Effectuation and Causation. A qualitative multiple case study design was adopted and 30 in-depth interviews were conducted with successful women business operators who have been awarded in "Star Awards". The analysis revealed that entrepreneurial decision-making approach of the respondents does not change with the sector (i.e. manufacturing and service) they operate. Women business operators have become more effectual when starting up their businesses and have combined the causation approach with effectuation when growing their businesses.

프랑스의 영향력 외교와 루브르-아부다비 박물관

This paper aims to analyze the political and economic effects as well as cultural and diplomatic attributes of the establishment of an overseas branch of Louvre Museum, in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. If the role of the museum as an actor of cultural diplomacy was previously only to exchange works with foreign museums, from the mid 2000s, it played a much more active role through the internationalization of museums. In the case of France, the rise of museum diplomacy coincides with the full-fledged beginning of Diplomacy of Influence(diplomatie d'influence), a French public diplomacy, which shows that French cultural diplomacy has shifted from the previous defensive method to the offensive use of its cultural assets. With a entrepreneurial approach, France revises its strategy to use cultural brands as tools to spread their cultural rayonnement. The mid 2000s was a time when France's status in the United Arab Emirates was overturned by the United States. At a time when France's influence in the United Arab Emirates declined, France was able to strengthen cooperation in Abu Dhabi's aviation and defense fields through the Louvre-Abu Dhabi bilateral cultural cooperation, and further laid the foundation for promoting bilateral political cooperation.

YARATICI DÜŞÜNME VE FIRSAT TANIMLAMA ESNASINDA GİRİŞİMCİLER VE GİRİŞİMCİ OLMAYANLARIN BEYİN AKTİVİTELERİNİN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

The main purpose of this study is to try to explain entrepreneurship within the framework of brain-based entrepreneurship approach (neuroentrepreneurship). In our study, we examined creative thinking and opportunity recognition, which are two characteristics that are frequently used to define entrepreneurs. Data were collected using Electroencephalography (EEG). The sample of the research consists of 35 participants (entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs). Research data were analyzed with WINEEG and SPSS programs. The findings of the research indicate that there are differences between the brain activity of entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs during creative thinking and opportunity recognition. In addition, it has been observed different neural networks in the brains of entrepreneurs, especially during opportunity recognition.

Implementation of Independent Learning: Chemobio-Enterpreneurship in Junior High School

In order to achieve learning objectives that can assist students in discovering and understanding chemical and biological concepts related to everyday life, an approach is needed that is able to make chemistry and biology material a very interesting and important subject to study and understand. The Chemo-Bio Entrepreneurship (CBEP) approach incorporates entrepreneurial values into learning according to the demands of independent learning. This is in response to the needs of the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. The purpose of this research was to help motivate teachers and students to have an entrepreneurial spirit. In addition, learning chemistry and biology will be more fun and provide opportunities for students to optimize their potential to produce products. Thus, the economy of the school community can be developed, as a source of financial input for schools. The research samples were students and teachers of Junior High School 3 Tanjung Morawa 3, Deli Serdang which were taken using purposive sampling. The methods used were observation, interviews, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and training in making compost and natural hand sanitizers. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistics. The results showed that the understanding and skills of students and teachers before and after being given training in making compost and natural hand sanitizers were found to be increased. It was suggested to science teachers and school members to continue to practice good practices and be able to pass them on to teachers of other subjects. Thus, the productivity of teachers and students as entrepreneurs is well maintained

Interrelation Between Personality Characteristics and Social Capital in Formation of Entrepreneurial Intention: a Conceptual Framework

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to increase theoretical knowledge regarding psychosocial antecedents of entrepreneurial intention by explaining the interrelation between personality characteristics and social capital in the formation of entrepreneurial intention. Theoretical framework: The study is a combination of two theories. The first one is the personality approach(trait approach) of entrepreneurship(Chye Koh, 1996) and the second one is the social capital approach of entrepreneurship (Nahapiet & Ghoshal, 1998) . Design/methodology/approach: The study is based on secondary data collected by a review of the literature from journals in the disciplines of entrepreneurship, business and management, psychology, and sociology. Findings: This article establishes the interrelationships between three major entrepreneurial personalities (Need for Achievement, Locus of control, and Innovativeness) and social capital in forming entrepreneurial intentions by presenting five major propositions which led to building a conceptual framework. Research, Practical & Social implications: The theoretical implication of this study is that the conceptual framework presented in this article may be used to guide empirical investigations on entrepreneurial intention in the future. Originality/value: This study theoretically demonstrates how personality characteristics and social capital interactively form entrepreneurial intention through a conceptual framework.

Beyond Anthropology's Edges

Abstract In recent years, anthropology has become a buzz word in the corporate world. Companies such as Google have hired anthropologists for research and product design while marketing consultancies such as Red Associates have built their brands around anthropological methods. Yet, corporate anthropologists such as myself occupy an uneasy space within anthropology. Despite the discipline's internal commitment to reflexivity of its complicity in broader hegemonies, on the ‘outside’ when communicating to the public, the pristine figure of a ‘noble anthropologist’—acting to make the world a better place, free from influence and self-interest—is often evoked. While some applied anthropologists conform to this image of the ‘noble anthropologist’, the corporate anthropologist often does not. In the context of decreasing student numbers and dissolving departments for anthropologists working in the academy, I consider how a pragmatic and entrepreneurial approach to securing corporate work, while not necessarily ‘noble’, might still be ‘good’.

The Role of Ghana’s Macro Environment in Ethnic Migrants Self-Employment Entrepreneurial Motivation

This study examines the role of Ghana’s macro environmental factors on the entrepreneurial motivation of self-employed ethnic migrants. It analyses the effect of context on motivation, by focusing on the six PESTLE variables, as predictors for each of the eight distinct dimensions of entrepreneurial motivation factors, identified through an initial factor analysis of the generated survey data. We tested five hypotheses to determine the association between macro-environmental factors, and the entrepreneurial motivation of the respondents. Following data analysis and interpretation, two hypotheses comprising H2, and H3 were supported. Thus, our results show a statistically significant positive correlation between Ghana’s economic environment (i.e. H2), including its social context (i.e. H3), and the self-employment entrepreneurial motivation of the study’s respondents, as hypothesised. However, three hypotheses, consisting of H1, H4, and H5, were partially supported. The new insights derived from the findings constitute this paper’s contribution to the existing knowledge, and the entrepreneurship literature. Also, the paper’s scope and focus positions it as one of the first studies, or probably it could be the first study that has empirically analysed the impact of Ghana’s macro-contextual factors on the entrepreneurial motivation of internal ethnic migrant entrepreneurs. Furthermore, our exclusive focus on external macro-environmental factors contained in PESTLE models, which were rigorously analysed to determine their impact on entrepreneurial motivation, is a departure from the frequent analysis of the personality of entrepreneurs, and internal factors within an enterprise. Thus, from the ensuing, we make both a methodological contribution, and additions to the structural theory approach of entrepreneurship.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ECOSYSTEMS: A CONFIGURATIONAL RESEARCH APPROACH

The entrepreneurial ecosystem approach has emerged as a framework capable of providing a systemic understanding of entrepreneurship. Considering that entrepreneurial ecosystems admit different configurations, this article aims to stimulate a reflection on the application of the configurational approach in the analysis of entrepreneurial ecosystems. An analysis model based on six dimensions of entrepreneurial ecosystems is indicated: geographic breadth, sectorial diversity, mode of governance, degree of maturity, innovative effort, and environmental munificence. This proposal is justified by indicating a possibility for a more subtle and rigorous understanding of entrepreneurial ecosystems, allowing for more precise and reliable policy recommendations for the creation and strengthening of entrepreneurial ecosystems.

Sustainable Business Model Design: A Multi-Case Approach Exploring Generic Strategies and Dynamic Capabilities on the Example of German Wine Estates

Business model design needs to encounter increasing and highly dynamic challenges due to counter-caesural environmental changes. Empirical research on strategic sustainability is expected to provide guidance for needed dynamic transformation and sustainability. The reported research builds on a multi-case research of four German wine estates. The cases each represent a specific generic strategic grouping and distinct business models and are thereby suited to analyse sustainability by leaning on the concept of dynamic capabilities. Sustainability was examined as a strategic vehicle for innovation in the wine industry and a nuanced view of dynamic capabilities. Premium strategist turned out to strongly engage and profile in sustainability with aligned dynamic capabilities as a building block to generate premium products. Quality leadership also leverages product quality with comprehensive dynamic capabilities aiming for sustainability by building on size and a professional structure but less on environmental profiling. The price–value strategy approaches sustainability primarily from a market-based and circular economy view. Niche strategist’s dynamic capabilities in the analysed population illustrated an entrepreneurial and effectuation-based approach with specific dynamic capabilities fine-tuned to exploit market opportunities. The multi-case analyses thereby allowed us to identify strategy-specific and business-model-suiting capabilities.

Students’ Priority on the Entrepreneurship Program Success: A Basis for Restrategizing Entrepreneurship Approach

Entrepreneurship plays a significant role in pursuing economic diversification to address too much reliance on oil and gas which was estimated in 2012 to last for 20 years. Entrepreneurship program/education was introduced to various higher educational institutions across all programs and disciplines to encourage and equipped the students to engage in a business that can also address increasing unemployment through job creation. However, most of the students preferred to be wage employees. A focus group was created and identified student priorities which are categorized according to Opportunities, Motivation, and Incentives. 243 out of 658 Advanced Diploma and Bachelor students of UTAS-Shinas were selected through a combination of purposive sampling and simple random sampling. A survey questionnaire was used to gather data on student priorities or factors using a 5-point Likert scale and the data were analyzed using sample mean and two-tailed independent sample t-test. Results showed 62.14% of the respondents preferred to be wage employees. Respondents also agree that opportunities and incentives contribute to entrepreneurship success however, respondents do somewhat agree that motivations could contribute to entrepreneurship success with a mean of 2.69. Results suggest that there is a statistically significant difference in the response based on academic level, after graduation preference, and existing (family-owned) business with a p-value of p=0.013, p=0.002, and p=0.005 respectively except gender p = 0.064. The result signifies that while students’ priority leads to entrepreneurship program success, respondents greatly rely on the sustainability and the intensity of future monetary benefits and economic incentives. Though the academic and government/private finance and technical support elements of the model may be assumed to work perfectly, the success of the entrepreneurship program warrants collaborative effort to initiate a paradigm shift on students’ priorities/factors.

Social Entrepreneurship and Complex Thinking: Validation of SEL4C Methodology for Scaling the Perception of Achieved Competency

This article aims to show the validated results of implementing a self-created methodology for developing the perceived achievement of social entrepreneurship competency and how this methodology is equally valid in developing the perceived achievement of complex thinking competency. Presenting a multivariate descriptive statistical analysis, this article offers the results of an educational intervention carried out on a sample group of students from a Mexican university before and after implementing the SEL4C (Social Entrepreneurship Learning for Complexity) methodology (developed by the Interdisciplinary Research Group IRG Reasoning for Complexity R4C at the Institute for the Future of Education IFE of the Tecnologico de Monterrey). It corroborates that the proposed methodology impacts the perceived achievement of social entrepreneurship competency and its sub-competencies and also manages to develop the perception of achievement of the complex thinking competency. This article contributes to the studies associated with the formation of competencies and the social entrepreneurship approach as a valid pedagogical tool for developing transversal skills.

Pendekatan Entrepreneurship Anggota POLRI dalam Rangka Meminimalisir Terjadinya Kejahatan di Lingkungan Masyarakat

Writing this scientific article aims to explain and analyse the models and benefits of entrepreneurship carried out by the Indonesian National Police through Bhabinkamtibas to minimize the occurrence of crime in society. Entrepreneurial activities or entrepreneurship can be used as educational benchmarking, which is based on collaboration between two institutions to exchange information and experiences that are both needed. One example of the entrepreneurial approach that has been carried out by Bhabinkamtibmas is by establishing Islamic Boarding Schools. Through this approach, Bhabinkamtibmas can educate people not only in worldly matters, but also in spiritual matters. With a spiritual approach, it will certainly bring the community closer to God, so that the potential for committing crimes will indirectly be eliminated by itself, moreover, coupled with the improved image of the police in the eyes of the public because they have set a good example to the community. Another benefit obtained is that it can create jobs for the community by becoming a boarding school manager, thereby reducing the unemployment rate in the community.

Philanthropy to the fore [research - innovation

“LABOUR, CAPITAL, and ability are a three-legged stool... They are equal members of the great triple alliance which moves the industrial world,” said famous philanthropist Andrew Carnegie, who was the wealthiest man in the world at the beginning of the 20th century. He established the Carnegie Corporation of New York in 1911 dedicated to the principles of `scientific philanthropy', but now his do-gooding baton has been passed to other billionaire entrepreneurs who might agree with Carnegie's notion that “the man who dies thus rich dies disgraced”. This new generation includes Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, who recently announced he will give away most of his $124bn fortune to help causes including fighting the climate crisis, and Microsoft founder Bill Gates, who established the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation to tackle inequalities. The notion of philanthropy - a form of altruism that consists of private initiatives, for the public good - can stir up controversy for those who think that it is the role of the state to invest and to provide for its citizens, or for others who believe that individual philanthropists can exert too much power and influence through the causes that they support. Politics aside, it provides much-needed money to fund research, innovation and technology designed to solve Earth's most pressing problems, from pandemics to climate change. "Philanthropy is about taking a long-term systemic and entrepreneurial approach to driving system change. As such it is absolutely potentially a huge driver of innovation,” says Clare Woodcraft, a fellow at the Centre for Strategic Philanthropy at Cambridge Judge Business School. As risk capital, it fills `market gaps' where there are no incentives to operate, such as radical ideas. “Philanthropy can provide patient capital so that social change makers, social entrepreneurs and practitioners interested in addressing the world's entrenched socio-economic challenges differently, have the support, the funding and the time to test new solutions,” she says. There are two main approaches favoured by philanthropists looking for new ways to improve the lives of others: collaboration and competition.

The Major Local Entrepreneurial Development Approaches of Local Government Units in the Contemporary Setting: A Phenomenology

The purpose of this phenomenological study is to present the different local entrepreneurial development approaches of local government units. The results of the study revealed major commonalities in local entrepreneurial development approaches that the local government units had been adapting. Major factors affecting the implementation of these approaches were revenue allotments, local economy, human development and institutional capabilities. Style of leadership and management approach by those manning the reign of authority provided a lot of influence as to how developmental undertakings are implemented. Notable difference in approaches to local entrepreneurial development could be attributed to the personal biases of the local chief executives due to their profession, passion and life endeavors. What is notable in this study is that the local chief executive’s management capability will be crucial to the development performance of every local economy.

The Major Local Entrepreneurial Development Approaches of Local Government Units in the Contemporary Setting: A Phenomenology

The Major Local Entrepreneurial Development Approaches of Local Government Units in the Contemporary Setting: A Phenomenology

Strategies for the declining printing industry: Diversification, consolidation, and internationalisation

Purpose: The study explores how forces of disruption and innovation affect the printing industry in an emerging market context and how incumbent firms respond to the challenges associated with these forces.Design; methodology approach: The research is an exploratory study based on qualitative analysis of senior managers within the South African large-scale printing industry that seeks to gain their perspectives on viable options to curb declining growth.Findings/results: The study results are organised around the industry’s challenges, the organizational capabilities required to address these challenges and the opportunities presented by the market disruption. Respondents argue that opportunities exist within the sector but that this requires fresh thinking and a more entrepreneurial approach. Strategies highlighted include consolidation, diversification and internationalisation.Originality value: The study applies theories associated with disruptive innovation and creative destruction to an industry facing long-term structural decline. Respondents maintain that there are options for growth even in the face of such disruption and address the role of management and entrepreneurial activities in this regard.Practical implications: The study results suggest that for smaller, more agile printers there are opportunities to take advantage of disruptive innovation, especially where they have less legacy baggage and fewer sunk costs to recuperate. For the larger printing firms there may be tangential opportunities to go ‘downmarket’ into less developed countries that are often at earlier stages of market disruption. Further innovation is required to stave off the decline prevalent in the traditional printing industry and embrace a growth mentality.Contribution: The article demonstrates the application of disruptive innovation in an emerging market context and the role of strategic management in addressing such disruption through consolidation, diversification, efficiency drives, and internationalisation.