Entrepreneurial Activity Research Articles

Bank Indonesia's CSR: A Model for Social Entrepreneurship Transformation

Context: This research explores how central bank social programs can empower micro-level Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia. The observed economic growth suggests both micro and macro contributions are at play. The study's practical value lies in aiding SMEs enhance their managerial skills, technical and marketing capabilities across local, regional, and international markets. The programs have enhanced human capital development, equipping individuals with the essential skills and knowledge to achieve the SDGs, particularly in developing regions. Purpose: The study aims to describe the social entrepreneurship transformation model implemented by Bank Indonesia (BI) as part of its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) efforts. Methods: Narrative-based qualitative methods and theme analysis were utilized. Data collection was done through in-depth interviews and observations. The subjects are 7 Small and Medium-sized Enterprise (SME) economic actors involved in BI's CSR program. Result: The socio-economic program implemented by BI includes training, technical guidance, and the provision of infrastructure to partner SME groups. This program has led to managerial improvement, market expansion, cost savings, production, and profit for these SME partners. On a macro scale, BI's CSR initiatives involving SMEs have enhanced its public reputation and bolstered its capacity to manage inflation, finance, and digital transformation. These outcomes align with the broader goal of policy coherence and support for the Sustainable Development Goals. Contribution: This study finds that the Indonesian central bank's initiatives contribute to improved economic performance for SMEs. It further supports the theory that state involvement, like social entrepreneurship initiatives driven by the central bank, can bridge the gap between government policies and local entrepreneurial activities.

Ballasts of the entrepreneurial ecosystem

Entrepreneurial ecosystem research has developed into a distinct field of study and extant frameworks and models consider the heterogeneous characteristics of ecosystems as a focal point for policymakers seeking to bolster regional entrepreneurial performance. Despite theoretical consensus on these issues, however, entrepreneurial ecosystem research has achieved only modest results in practice for catalyzing entrepreneurial activity. This is largely due to current models providing opaque targets for policymakers to focus their energies, a quandary that this qualitative study attempts to resolve. This research suggests that practical results can be improved by concentrating resource allocations on regional entrepreneurial ecosystem ballasts, which represent the various stakeholders who serve important roles as connectors, vettors, promoters, and chroniclers to catalyze entrepreneurial activity and support cultural heterogeneity. Concomitantly, this research also builds upon previous scholarship which has attempted to connect ecosystem attributes with the benefits that they provide to entrepreneurs.

Beyond teaching: the extended role of informal entrepreneurship education and training in challenging contexts

PurposeWe seek to understand how informal entrepreneurship education and training (EET) processes support marginalised women in challenging institutional contexts into gainful participation in entrepreneurial activities, facilitating empowerment and emancipation.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs an inductive qualitative approach drawing on in-depth individual interviews, a focus group and observation of how female informal EET educators facilitate hands-on EET to marginalised female entrepreneurs in Uganda.FindingsWe specify a range of novel complementary practices that informal EET educators undertake during the main instructional EET stage and present the wraparound purposive work, both pre-and-post the instructional stage, they enact to support female empowerment processes for their disadvantaged learners. We then propose a grounded model capturing practices enacted by EET practitioners that illuminates ways in which informal EET can contribute to processes of empowerment and emancipation.Originality/valueOur contributions are twofold. First, we conceptualise EET educators as institutional entrepreneurs undertaking institutional work beyond core teaching. Second, we specify a range of novel complementary practices they undertake before, during and after the conventional instructional part. This illuminates how EET can contribute to processes of empowerment and emancipation. Drawing on data from a unique institutional context, we illuminate novel practices enacted by informal EET educators thereby extending both the pedagogy and the realm of entrepreneurship education with implications for grander empowerment and emancipatory outcomes beyond the development of entrepreneurial competencies.

The Futuristic Entrepreneurial Actions for Tribal Farmers of North-east India

The North-East region of India, with its rich cultural diversity and biodiversity, is especially well-suited for agricultural growth. Given its potential, one would expect this region to be at the forefront of agri-entrepreneurial activities. Additionally, with the last few years, agriculture and its supplementary sectors became crucial components of entrepreneurial projects buoyed up by the existing need for sustainable food production, appropriate management of resources, and improving the living standards in rural areas. However, this expectation contrasts with findings from Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) studies for North-East region of India. Therefore, the study aimed to identify future entrepreneurial actions in the Mishmi Hills of Arunachal Pradesh. Using an open-ended questionnaire, the researchers employed a triangulation approach to analyse potential ventures in the region. The study identified ten key entrepreneurial actions. Agro-tourism emerged as the top choice among local tribal farmers, while the commercialization of Mishmi teeta (a traditional medicinal plant) was ranked highest by experts in the region. These findings offer valuable insights for stakeholders in the region. The study highlights the entrepreneurial interests of tribal farmers and suggest areas for entrepreneurial policy development in the region. Additionally, the findings also offer actionable insights for designing training programs or policy initiatives aiming to empower tribal farmers through entrepreneurship in agricultural and allied sector.

Impact of dual pilot policies for low-carbon and innovative cities on the high-quality development of urban economies

<p style="margin-top:16px; text-align:justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Based on the panel data of 276 cities in China from 2005 to 2021, the article used a multi-period double-difference model to explore the impact of the dual-pilot policy of low-carbon cities and innovative cities on the high-quality development of urban economy. The study found that (1) the implementation of the dual-pilot policy significantly had significantly promoted the economic high-quality development of the pilot cities, and the dual-pilot policy had a more significant effect on the enhancement of urban economic high-quality development compared with the single-pilot. (2) The mechanism analysis showed that green technology innovation, industrial structure adjustment and entrepreneurial activity played a mediator role in the impact of the dual-pilot on the high-quality development of the urban economy. (3) The spatial effect showed that the dual-pilot policy not only promoted the high-quality economic development of the region, but also had a positive spillover effect on the high-quality economic development of the neighbouring regions. (4) The heterogeneity analysis showed that the dual-pilot policy promoted the high-quality economic development of the eastern cities, large-scale cities, and non-resource-based cities more strongly.This study enriches the research on the impact of policy synergy on high-quality economic development, and provides references and insights for the effective implementation of dual-pilot policies and the promotion of high-quality urban economic development.</span></span></p>

Systematisation of Conceptual Approaches to Formation of Business Ethics in the Context of Legal Regulation of Entrepreneurial Activity

Introduction. In the frame of entrepreneurship development, promotion of business ethics becomes particularly important as a mechanism for business harmonization, ensuring legal equality, healthy competition and fair attitudes to consumers. However, the controversial approaches to defining the concept of “business ethics” and the multiple interpretations thereof prevent from boosting the global spread of business culture in the legal regulation framework. In this regard, the aim of the study is to systematise the conceptual approaches to substantiation and formation of business ethics in the context of legal regulation of entrepreneurial activity.Materials and Methods. The methodological basis of the research includes the general and specific scientific methods. The methods of analysis, comparison and systematisation enable the study of the integral parts of business ethics to get deep understanding of this concept. By comparing different interpretations, the common grounds in the interdisciplinary approaches to substantiation of this concept are revealed. Systematisation fosters organisation of the legal and moral values into a single hierarchical structure that forms the essence of business ethics. The philosophical-juridical method reveals the interrelation of the philosophical approach contained in the entrepreneurial value reference points and the legislative norms of society.Results. The research has revealed a pattern of business ethics development in the context of global and national wellbeing. The hierarchical structure of business ethics has a top-down nature: the international level, the macro level and the micro level. Despite the influence of cultural specifics on the development of the moral value system, the formation of business culture should go in correlation with the norms of law and the needs of society, along with establishment of the corporate boundaries and general entrepreneurial principles. At the corporate level, the integration of business ethics into the enterprise strategy is beneficial for its image and reputation, and the efficiency lies in promotion of the socio-economic, legal and other aspects fostering creation of fair, sustainable and conscious business.Discussion and Conclusion. The concept of “business ethics” is studied in the various scientific contexts. Despite all differences in interpretation, the mechanism of forming the business ethics in the framework of entrepreneurial activity is uniform, it includes creation of the code of ethics, training in ethical principles, development of a system of incentives, elaboration of the methods of prevention and punishment. In various contexts, this mechanism is aimed at eliminating unlawful forms of competition, ensuring economic, social and legal security, increasing the level of responsibility and creating an efficient system of business values.

Unpacking innovation in digital multi-sided platform startups: making sense of path creation in generating two distinct types of innovation

Purpose This study aims to investigate the role of effectual logic as the basis of entrepreneurial action in path creation for influencing the performance of open innovation outcomes within the context of digital multi-sided platform (MSP) startups. Design/methodology/approach We utilize the PLS-SEM method with a sample of 70 Indonesian digital MSP startups that have implemented open innovation practices. Findings The empirical findings indicate a path creation between effectual logic and the open innovation process, particularly through the integration of absorptive capacity and crowds or communities management practices. Absorptive capacity development fosters incremental innovation, whereas crowds or communities management practices lead to radical innovation. Originality/value The research findings suggest that, despite limited resources and experience, young entrepreneurs can successfully implement an open innovation strategy for their digital MSP platforms by utilizing effectual logic principles, which capitalize on the external resources provided by digital platform ecosystem members.

THE MODEL OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-DETERMINATION (BASED ON NARRATIVE INTERVIEW)

Questions of professional self-determination are increasingly concerning the younger generation. Choosing entrepreneurial activities and running one’s own business are gaining popularity among young people. In this regard, there is a need for a more detailed study of entrepreneurial self-determination (hereinafter - ESD). To identify possible socio-psychological factors of ESD, an exploratory study was conducted using the narrative interview method followed by qualitative analysis. 29 respondents aged 18 to 40 who have or had their own business participated in the study. The author developed a model of ESD including 9 stages: observation, premature identity crisis, first trial, start crisis, project start, leap of faith crisis, scaling, plateau crisis, and stability. It was concluded that the entrepreneurial path has a spiral nature. Groups of socio-psychological factors of ESD that encourage and hinder entrepreneurial activity were identified.

УДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ПРОЦЕСУ ЗАЛУЧЕННЯ ФОРМИ ВЕНЧУРНОГО БІЗНЕСУ ДЛЯ РОЗВИТКУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ ЦИФРОВІЗАЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The necessity for improving the existing organizational framework for engaging venture business forms is justified, aiming to facilitate the implementation of new technologies, elevate production to a higher level, and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises in both domestic and international markets. The organizational support for involving venture business forms in the development of industrial enterprises in the conditions of economic digitization is enhanced. A scheme for selecting the organizational form of venture business and funding sources is proposed, allowing the utilization of digital transformation tools to increase the effectiveness of venture business engagement. Venture business is defined as entrepreneurial activity involving the infusion of risky investments into the innovative development of a knowledge-intensive industry, prone to potential growth. The following organizational forms of venture business are identified: "independent ventures," "external ventures," and "internal ventures". Various types of organizational forms of venture business and sources of their funding are considered. The engagement of venture business forms is carried out through financing the venture using various capital sources, specifically from the company's cash fund, funds from venture investors, and funds obtained from a venture fund. Using the PATTERN method, a goal tree for each form of venture business and funding source is constructed. The cost forecast for organizing an internal venture with funding from the company's own financial resources is conducted. The author also proposed an alternative venture financing option using the company's funds, such as raising funds from a venture fund through the sale of 10–20% of the company's shares. The proposed measures will enable industrial enterprises to overcome their crisis and become competitive in both external and internal markets.

ПАРАДИГМА ЦИФРОВОГО МАРКЕТИНГУ

The article is devoted to the analysis of features and essence of digital marketing, and in particular the content of the modern paradigm of digital marketing. The interpretation of the concepts of digitalization (there is a process of application of digital, information and communication technologies and information on income, improvement of entrepreneurial activity, transformation of business processes, formation of the digital business environment, digitization of possible procedures and operations, etc.) and digital marketing (a set of marketing actions of the modern world. At the same time, digital marketing is a dual phenomenon, as it has a hybrid character: a certain share of functions is implemented online, and the rest - in an offline environment). The content of the modern paradigm of digital marketing is clarified - a set of ways and tools for promoting services or goods in markets using various technologies. The main advantages of digital marketing are allocated: interactivity in attracting consumers for active interaction with business structures, elimination of territorial restrictions in the implementation of the marketing goal, facilitating access to the Internet resources of the enterprise, opportunities to assess the effectiveness of marketing mechanisms and activities, use of marketing in management activities in real time. The main components of digital marketing are defined: content - chats, blogs, research, electronic newsletters, publications, electronic manuals, social networks, copies of sales pages, SEO; design - photos, images of content, diagrams, videos, infographics; statistics - leading performance indicators, analytics, conversion channels, etc.

Digital economy, risk attitudes, and entrepreneurial decision-making in urban and rural households in China

Using data from the 2019 China Household Finance Survey, this study examines how the digital economy and household risk attitudes affect entrepreneurial decision-making in urban and rural Chinese households. Risk-taking families are more likely to become entrepreneurs, particularly in economically developed eastern regions. Furthermore, integrating the digital economy boosts entrepreneurial activities within households, especially in the central and western regions. Based on these findings, the government and relevant institutions should strengthen digital infrastructure in the central and western regions, as well as establish an evaluation and monitoring mechanism to ensure the effectiveness of policy measures to promote balanced economic development and sustainable growth in household entrepreneurial activity.

Family entrepreneurship: a bibliometric analysis and future research agenda

The family entrepreneurship regroups family members, family business and the entrepreneurship activities. This makes it a fertile and rich research field, which needs to be explored and analyzed to understand the specific behaviors and orientations of the family entrepreneurial initiatives. The main purpose of this paper is to present a bibliometric analysis and research agenda of scientific publications dealing mainly with the family entrepreneurship field. The bibliometric process is the methodological design adopted to review the previous studies about our problematic. The scope of our study is limited to the scientific articles have been published between 2000 and 2022 (September), in the three data bases: Web of sciences, Scopus and Jstor. 73 out of 181 articles selected have been retained and analyzed after the assessment process taking into consideration different inclusion and exclusion criteria. In addition, the Excel’s tools and the VOSviewer software version 1.6.18 are the main technological devices used to carry out this research. Our study shows that family entrepreneurship is a legitimate area of research, despite the fact that it is still in its pre-paradigmatic and launching stages. Thus, further academic studies dealing with the family entrepreneurship research clusters generated through the thematic and bibliometric analysis (as presented by the figure 5) need to be deepened

Leveraging E-Commerce Platforms: Enhancing Student Entrepreneurship Skills in Indonesia's MBKM (Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka) Program

This article examines the role of e-commerce platforms in enhancing entrepreneurship skills among students within Indonesia's Merdeka Belajar – Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) program. As a pivotal initiative aimed at reforming higher education, MBKM emphasizes independent learning and practical experience, particularly in entrepreneurship. The rise of digital technology and e-commerce presents unique opportunities for students to engage in entrepreneurial activities that foster critical skills such as innovation, financial management, and marketing. This study highlights how online shopping platforms enable students to create and manage their own businesses, providing hands-on experience and exposure to real-world market dynamics. Through a mixed-methods approach, including surveys and interviews with students and educators, the findings reveal that leveraging e-commerce not only enhances students' entrepreneurial competencies but also encourages networking and collaboration within the entrepreneurial ecosystem. However, challenges such as limited digital literacy and market competition are identified, necessitating targeted support and training. The article concludes that integrating e-commerce into the MBKM framework can significantly improve students' readiness for the business world, aligning educational outcomes with industry demands. Recommendations for educators and policymakers are provided to optimize the use of digital technology in entrepreneurship education, ultimately fostering a new generation of skilled entrepreneurs in Indonesia.

Pelatihan Pembuatan Bio Herbal Dalam Menunjang UMKM Desa Pembuang Hulu II

This service, which has been carried out by real work course (KKN) students, explains the process of making Bio Herbal in Pembuang Hulu II Village, Hanau District, Seruyan Regency. This service aims to provide and foster new enthusiasm for the people of Pembuang Hulu II Village in carrying out entrepreneurial activities or MSMEs by providing training in making Bio Herbal by explaining the steps in marketing activities that can be carried out so that in the future it can become a provision for the community or that already in running their business optimally, apart from that, also to find out how Real Work Lecture (KKN) students have an influence on improving the standard of living and welfare of the people of Pembuang Hulu II Village, Hanau District, Seruyan Regency. The method used by KKN students as the implementing team is to use skills, knowledge and mentoring training methods for training participants who have an interest in continuing to develop the results of the training up to the marketing stage. The impact resulting from training in making Bio Herbal can be a new, sustainable opportunity and can become a characteristic of the Pembuang Hulu II Village community.

Informal employment: research and evaluation methods

The article examines various approaches to studying new forms of informal employment, including unofficial employment and entrepreneurial activities. The main goal of the work is to explore diverse methods that can be applied to achieve a more accurate assessment of informal employment and the contribution of the informal sector to the economy, including its impact on economic and social indicators. During the COVID and post-COVID periods, the global financial crisis intensified, necessitating an examination of the current situation not only in the global labor market but also in Kazakhstan. The labor market has always been and will remain sensitive to the state of the economy, significantly affecting both employers and employees. The strengths and weaknesses of applying a range of methods, identifying methodological approaches to the application and systematization of tools to improve the quality of work in the informal sector were analysed. Problems connected with evaluation of informal employment were discussed such as assess to different types of data, identifying boundaries of informal sector and different methodological limitations. The conclusions and obtained results can form a scientific basis for further research and assessment of informal employment, contributing to the adoption of more effective measures at the state level to support the informal sector of the economy in various countries, including our republic. To obtain more accurate results in assessing the volumes of informal employment, it is necessary to use a combination of existing scientific and practical methods, taking into account the specificities of each country, undoubtedly enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of the results obtained.

Analysis of the state of agricultural entrepreneurial activity – production of Varaždin county

The Varaždin County is experiencing a decrease in arableagricultural land and an increasing withdrawal from agriculturalproduction, despite favorable conditions for engaging in this activity.Most agricultural subjects are small family farms, with persons over 60years old predominating among the holders/managers of production.The fragmentation of agricultural land and the reduced number ofyoung farmers further complicate the situation.Positive initiatives aimed at benefiting existing farmers and motivatingyoung people to engage in agricultural production include the provisionof grants for growth and development, emphasizing investmentsin modernization and increasing production capacities, while alsosignificantly encouraging the production of indigenous products. Thegoal is to stop the decline in the number of agricultural subjects andmodernize their production to enable them to compete in the marketand contribute to achieving self-sufficiency in agricultural production.

Does entrepreneurship really reduce income inequality?

This paper examines whether entrepreneurial activities reduce social inequality. Using data from 62 countries, we find that countries with higher levels of entrepreneurship have lower income inequality. We also find that various cultural factors including gender wage gap and diversity indicators influence country-level entrepreneurship. When we use gender wage gap as an instrument to account for potential endogeneity in the decision to become an entrepreneur, the entrepreneurship-inequality relation becomes stronger. In economic terms, one standard deviation in entrepreneurship reduces income inequality by 6–11 %, relative to the mean. Together, these findings suggest that entrepreneurial activities can be an effective strategy for mitigating income disparities and promoting economic inclusivity.

Техническое задание в договоре бытового подряда в условиях профессиональной деятельности самозанятых

The article examines the legal regulation of the professional activities of the self-employed. The presented article discusses the issues of the correlation between the professional activities of the self-employed and entrepreneurial activity, the problems of performing work and providing services to this category of persons. The article focuses on the fact that these categories of persons often conclude contracts by correspondence on social networks and messengers, without agreeing on the terms of reference in detail, which in some cases leads to a conflict between the customer and the contractor. This is due to many reasons, including a low level of legal literacy, the peculiarities of providing a particular type of service or work, the unwillingness of the parties to complicate (as it seems to them) the order approval process, the peculiarities of communication between the customer and the contractor (including the widespread use of electronic resources). The form of agreement chosen by the parties deprives them of the opportunity to properly regulate their legal relations and protect their rights.

Assessing the influence of entrepreneurial education on individual entrepreneurial orientation of university students

A number of empirical studies have underscored the significance of entrepreneurial orientation in understanding the dynamic business environment driven by entrepreneurial actions. However, the notion of individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO) has received less attention in scholarly literature. It’s widely acknowledged that entrepreneurial education (EE) makes a substantial contribution to a country’s economy. It’s believed that EE can empower individuals and thus play a crucial role in addressing various societal challenges faced by countries globally. Nonetheless, the influence of EE on the IEO of university students, and whether it effectively guides them towards an entrepreneurial career, hasn’t been thoroughly examined. This study aimed to explore the influence of EE on the IEO of university students. This study focuses on two distinct economies—a developing one (South Africa) and a developed one (Scotland), the latter being recognized for its high-quality EE and a high proportion of individuals opting for entrepreneurial careers. A quantitative research approach was followed making use of an adapted questionnaire, which was analysed with SPSS and EQS 6.4 using descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, exploratory factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance and path model analysis. A total of 2841 questionnaires were distributed online, yielding 575 valid responses. Findings indicate that EE significantly influences the IEO of university students in South Africa, but to a lesser extent in Scotland. The study expands the existing body of knowledge on IEO of university students. In addition, it provides insight for policymakers in the respective countries.

Финансовые аспекты поддержки развития субъектов малого бизнеса в целях инновационного развития экономики

The development of the business sector is a significant factor in a stable and developing economy. This statement is based on the opportunity for small and medium-sized businesses to create new jobs, optimal management of financial resources in the current macroeconomic circumstances. In turn, a stable source of budget revenues is formed for the state through taxes and fees. The conducted studies of statistical data on the financial and economic activities of small businesses for the period from 2017 to 2013 revealed an increase in the total turnover (revenue) by 28.57 %. The study of the financial and economic activities of this sector of the economy in the regional aspect by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation revealed a significant increase in entrepreneurial activity, primarily in the Volga Federal District. The turnover (revenue) indicator increased by 2.29 billion rubles, reaching a significant volume of 6.0 billion rubles as of January 1, 2024. The main sources of financing for small businesses are their own funds, as well as borrowed (credit) resources. An important aspect of the state policy to support the financing of small businesses is the development of alternative instruments: crowdfunding platforms, venture investment, regional events to evaluate start-ups, etc. This approach is largely aimed at expanding financing, through which it is possible to more actively develop the activities of small businesses for the purpose of innovative development of the economy