Entre Rios Province Research Articles

Short communication: A potential role of tannins in the control of American foulbrood

Aim of study: To evaluate the use of tannins extracts in the control of the American foulbrood pathology and to investigate if these extracts present levels of toxicity on Apis mellifera.Area of study: Paenibacillus larvae strains C1 and C2 were from Balcarce, province of Buenos Aires, strain C6 from Rio Cuarto, in Cordoba province and strain C9 from Concordia in Entre Rios province. Bees larvae used for toxicological assays were collected in Santa Paula experimental apiary, Mar del Plata (belonging to the Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS-IIPROSAM) from UNMdP.Material and methods: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five different tannin extracts were obtained by agar diffusion method on four P. larvae strains; using the MIC value, the toxicity test on A. mellifera larvae was performed afterwards.Main results: The MIC value was in the range of 6.9 to 898.6 µg/mL. Three tannin extracts did not show toxicity against bee larvae; however, those that were fed with the latter showed a significant increase in weight.Research highlights: Three tanninS extracts showed a good antimicrobial activity against P. larvae and they did not show toxicity against bee larvae.

Expanded distribution of orthohantavirus Pergamino genotype: First record in Entre Rios province, Argentina

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is an emerging infectious disease of the Americas. Eight native rodent species have been identified as HPS virus reservoirs in Argentina. The aim of this work was to detect the orthohantavirus genotypes present in a rodent community that inhabits a zone where a fatal HPS case occurred within an endemic locality of Central Argentina. We captured 27 rodents with a trapping effort of 723 trap nights. We detected 14.3% of infected Akodon azarae with the Pergamino genotype. This result expands the known distribution of this orthohantavirus. Although the Pergamino genotype has not been associated with human cases, the information about its distribution is relevant for risk assessment against potential changes in the virus infectivity.

Spatially variable hydrologic impact and biomass production tradeoffs associated with Eucalyptus (E. grandis) cultivation for biofuel production in Entre Rios, Argentina

AbstractClimate change and energy security promote using renewable sources of energy such as biofuels. High woody biomass production achieved from short‐rotation intensive plantations is a strategy that is increasing in many parts of the world. However, broad expansion of bioenergy feedstock production may have significant environmental consequences. This study investigates the watershed‐scale hydrological impacts of Eucalyptus (E. grandis) plantations for energy production in a humid subtropical watershed in Entre Rios province, Argentina. A Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated and validated for streamflow, leaf area index (LAI), and biomass production cycles. The model was used to simulate various Eucalyptus plantation scenarios that followed physically based rules for land use conversion (in various extents and locations in the watershed) to study hydrological effects, biomass production, and the green water footprint of energy production. SWAT simulations indicated that the most limiting factor for plant growth was shallow soils causing seasonal water stress. This resulted in a wide range of biomass productivity throughout the watershed. An optimization algorithm was developed to find the best location for Eucalyptus development regarding highest productivity with least water impact. E. grandis plantations had higher evapotranspiration rates compared to existing terrestrial land cover classes; therefore, intensive land use conversion to E. grandis caused a decline in streamflow, with January through March being the most affected months. October was the least‐affected month hydrologically, since high rainfall rates overcame the canopy interception and higher ET rates of E. grandis in this month. Results indicate that, on average, producing 1 kg of biomass in this region uses 0.8 m3 of water, and the green water footprint of producing 1 m3 fuel is approximately 2150 m3 water, or 57 m3 water per GJ of energy, which is lower than reported values for wood‐based ethanol, sugar cane ethanol, and soybean biodiesel.

REGISTRO PALEOBOTÁNICO DEL PLIO–PLEISTOCENO INFERIOR EN EL VALLE DEL RÍO URUGUAY. CARACTERIZACIÓN FITOLÍTICA DE LA FORMACIÓN SAN SALVADOR, ESTE DE LA PROVINCIA DE ENTRE RÍOS, ARGENTINA.

The San Salvador Formation is one of the few deposits from the Pliocene–Lower Pleistocene in the east of Entre Rios Province, which from a palaeontological point of view has been described exclusively through its phytolith content. This contribution includes the synthesis and expansion of this knowledge through the results of the phytolith study of the Jose Etchepare Hijo profile (Colon Department, Entre Rios). For this, an ad-hoc methodology has been used, adapted to obtain phytoliths in fluvial deposits. The sedimentary sequences were characterized by a succession of conglomerate supported matrix strata, fine to coarse sandy facies and fine facies (represented by clays and silts). The results allowed to observe a greater abundance and variability of phytoliths in layers with sandy texture; and proportionally more scarce and even absent in the gravel texture layers. Non-diagnostic grass phytoliths were common in all the samples with microremain materials, while among those of smaller size and diagnostic ones, their presence was manifested only in certain sectors of the profile. The phytolith assemblages were made up of elements from the Arecaceae, Poaceae (Bambusoideae, Panicoideae, Danthonioideae, Chloridoideae and Pooideae), and Podostemaceae families; and they have allowed inferring palaeocommunities of stratified hygrophilous forests, palm groves and riparian forests, which indicate a humid tropical-subtropical climate, with great water availability.

Vaivenes jurisprudenciales: fumigaciones en la provincia de Entre Ríos

En la provincia de Entre Ríos se desarrolla un modelo de agricultura industrial que trajo como consecuencias una afectación sobre la salud de niños y docentes de escuelas rurales. Ante un planteo ecológico resulta trascendental que el mismo sea social ya que incide sobre todas las personas. Mediante un análisis de la legislación entrerriana y la causa judicial “Foro Ecologista contra Superior Gobierno de la Provincia de Entre Ríos” (2018-2020) se apreciará la postura mercantilista del agronegocio y el reclamo de los pueblos fumigados que buscan vivir dignamente.

On the presence of pyramiodontherium (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Megatheriidae) in the late miocene of northeastern argentina and its biogeographical implications

Fil: Brandoni, Diego. Provincia de Entre Rios. Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia de Tecnologia a la Produccion. Universidad Autonoma de Entre Rios. Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia de Tecnologia a la Produccion. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Cientificas y Transferencia de Tecnologia a la Produccion; Argentina

Paradiplomacia de gobiernos no centrales:

En este artículo se estudia la paradiplomacia de Paraná y Concordia, Provincia de Entre Ríos (Argentina) durante el periodo 2008-2015, partiendo de un análisis institucional hacia un abordaje empírico. De carácter eminentemente cualitativa, la investigación concluye que si bien ninguna de las dos ciudades planificó estratégicamente su actividad paradiplomática, Concordia resultó ser más sobresaliente y efectiva. Ello se evidencia no solo en un mayor número de acciones y diversificación de ámbitos de actuación, sino también en la existencia de una oficina de Relaciones Internacionales y en una visión orientada hacia el desarrollo local por parte de la dirigencia política.

Conservation status, protected area coverage of Ctenomys (Rodentia, Ctenomyidae) species and molecular identification of a population in a national park

Tuco-tucos, South American rodents of the genus Ctenomys, is one of the most speciose genera among mammals. In this work, we performed a study of all extant Ctenomys species considering their conservation status and potential presence in Protected Areas, showing that 34 out of 67 (50.75%) species of tuco-tucos have significant overlapping distributions with such areas. We point out at-risk species that have no overlap with Protected Areas which deserve close surveillance and discuss the need for managing non-protected areas. We also assessed the identification at the species level of a previously unknown population of Ctenomys rionegrensis, an endangered species inhabiting sandy elevations in the Pre-Delta National Park, in Entre Rios province, Argentina.

Anatomical review o Eira Barbara (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Quaternary of Southwestern Brazilian Amazonia

Most species of mustelids currently found in South America descend from North American immigrants that arrived during the Great American Biotic Interchange, following the rise of the Isthmus of Panama. However, previous works indicate that the genus Eira arrived in South America before this event, through an island bridge in Central America. The tayra Eira barbara (Mustelidae, Carnivora), the only species of the genus, currently has a wide geographic distribution, from Mexico to northern Argentina. Here, we redescribe a fossil of E. barbara collected close to the Municipality of Marechal Thaumaturgo, Acre State, Brazil. The southwestern Brazilian Amazonia is mostly characterized by the older sediments of Solimoes Formation (Neogene deposits), although on the riverbanks of the Upper Jurua River a typical Quaternary vertebrate fauna is also found, mainly represented by fossil mammals. The specimen UFAC PV-36 is a right hemimandible with the p4 preserved in situ, and it was compared to fossil and extant specimens of E. barbara, as well as with other carnivorans. The review of the fossil record shows that this taxon is restricted to the Quaternary of Brazil, in the states of Bahia, Minas Gerais and Acre, and of Argentina, in the Entre Rios Province. In this way, our study contributes to a better understanding of the origin and distribution of the genus in the Quaternary of South America.

Short communication: Natural molecules for the control of Paenibacillus larvae, causal agent of American foulbrood in honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Aim of study: To evaluate the potential bactericidal activity of natural molecules against Paenibacillus larvae. Moreover, we investigated if molecules that exhibit antimicrobial activity were able to inhibit the proteolytic activity of the bacterium.Area of study: Isolates S1 and S2 were from Balcarce, Buenos Aires province, strain S3 from Rio Cuarto, Cordoba province, strain S4 from Concordia, Entre Rios province, strain S5 and S8 from Necochea, Buenos Aires, strain S6 and S7 from Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires, strain S9 from Modena, Italy and strain S10 from Emilia Reggio, Italy.Material and methods: Bacterial isolates identification was carried out by amplification of a specific 16S rRNA gene fragment of P. larvae using primers PL5 and PL4. Screening of the antimicrobial activity of thirteen molecules against four P. larvae isolates was conducted by the agar diffusion technique. The antimicrobial activity of selected molecules was evaluated by broth microdilution method.Main results: Menadione, lauric acid, monoglyceride of lauric acid and naringenin showed antimicrobial activity against ten P. larvae isolates. Menadione and lauric acid showed the strongest activities, with minimum inhibitory concentration mean values ranging 0.78-3.125 µg/mLand 25-50 µg/mL, respectively.Research highlights: Those concentrations are feasible to be applied at field level, and constitute promissory candidates to be evaluated using in vivo larval models.

Las poblaciones indígenas prehispánicas del río Paraná Inferior y Medio

En este trabajo se sintetiza y discute el estado actual del conocimiento en la arqueología del río Paraná en Argentina, con especial énfasis en los estudios sistemáticos que nuestro equipo de investigación viene desarrollando desde hace más de 10 años en el Delta Superior, sudoeste de la provincia de Entre Ríos. Como resultado de las investigaciones se prospectó un amplio sector del área de estudio, se registraron más de 80 sitios arqueológicos, de los cuales se excavaron ocho. A través de la conformación de un grupo interdisciplinario, se aportó información relevante en temas tales como la cronología de las ocupaciones humanas, el uso de los recursos faunísticos y botánicos, las prácticas de producción y uso de la alfarería y la caracterización de las prácticas mortuorias. A partir de la información geoarqueológica y arqueobotánica se confirmó la génesis antrópica de las construcciones monticulares o cerritos y la presencia de horticultura de maíz, porotos y zapallo. También se evaluó la existencia de un bajo nivel de jerarquización social (ya mencionado en las primeras crónicas del siglo XVI) en las poblaciones asociadas con la entidad arqueológica Goya-Malabrigo, la que podría ser una derivación de la expansión meridional de los arawak. Finalmente, se abordó el estudio de la dispersión de los guaraníes y los modos de interacción con las poblaciones locales. En suma, los avances en las investigaciones de la última década muestran un panorama más complejo que integra la historia indígena local a procesos adaptativos generales ocurridos a lo largo de las Tierras Bajas sudamericanas.

First report of spot lesion of wheat caused by Pyrenophora teres f. sp maculata observed in Argentina

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, causal agent of tan spot, is the species commonly associated with leaf spotting symptoms on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide and in Argentina. On the other hand, P. teres is a major constraint on barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production, however the pathogen has not been reported in association with wheat crop in Argentina. In 2018, following a routine survey of wheat fields, leaves showing symptoms compatible with those caused by Pyrenophora spp. were observed in the principal wheat production areas in Buenos Aires and Entre Rios Provinces of Argentina. The disease incidence varied from 30% to 80%. Symptomatic wheat plants were collected from production fields and spotted foliar tissue with symptoms was plated onto PDA 2% growth medium. The isolates were tentatively identified as putative Pyrenophora spp. based on its colonies and conidia characteristics. Given the possibility of confusion by similar characteristics between some Pyrenophora species that infect wheat plants, the aim of this work was to clarify the identity of the fungus infecting this crop.In this study, we were able to confirm field observations in greenhouse assays on wheat plants using the fungal isolates. The seedling symptoms rate under artificial inoculation of five commercial wheat varieties was 100%. Pathogenicity tests and morphological studies as well as analyses indicated that the disease was caused by Pyrenophora teres. Molecular identification of the two isolates was doubled checked by PCR. First, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplification and sequencing and specific PCR assay using PTT and PTM primers allowed to confirm that two monosporic isolates were P. teres f. maculata. This is a novel disease on wheat in Argentina caused by this pathogen. This finding is of great importance from the epidemiological point of view of the biodiversity of the fungus and also to contribute with the future management of the disease.

Evolución del exceso de agua edáfica anual en la Región Pampeana (Argentina)

Las inundaciones y sequías son una constante en la Región Pampeana (Argentina). Casi todos los años uno de estos eventos hidrológicos extremos tiene lugar y, a veces, ambos. La evolución temporal del exceso de agua en el suelo, durante sesenta años se analiza en nueve estaciones meteorológicas localizadas en importantes áreas cuyos usos del suelo tienen impacto económico y social. Ellas se ubican en las provincias de Córdoba, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, La Pampa y Buenos Aires. Los datos meteorológicos diarios fueron provistos por Servicio Meteorológico Nacional para el período 1951- 2010. El modelo de balance de agua en el suelo fue el utilizado por Forte Lay et al. que está basado en el de Thornthwaite-Mather y la evapotranspiración diaria de referencia normal media fue estimada con la fórmula de Penman-Monteith. En el presente trabajo al parámetro exceso de agua en el suelo se lo utiliza como indicador del riesgo de inundación. La metodología Makesens se usó para el análisis estadístico, el mismo se basa en el test no paramétrico de Mann-Kendall para el estudio de la tendencia y el método no paramétrico Sen para su magnitud. Todas las estaciones analizadas mostraron diferente evolución del exceso de agua en el suelo y experimentaron riesgo de inundación en algún momento del período estudiado.

Seasonal variation of soil aggregate stability, porosity and infiltration during a crop sequence under no tillage

Las propiedades edáf icas varían en el tiempo, presentando los suelos durante el año diferente susceptibilidad al escurrimiento y la erosión. En siembra directa, las propiedades físicas edáf icas pueden variar fundamentalmente debido a efectos climáticos, del cultivo o por el tránsito de la maquinaria. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue analizar la variación estacional de algunas propiedades físicas edáf icas en un Argiudol ácuico bajo siembra directa, determinando su relación con la inf iltración y el escurrimiento durante una secuencia de cultivos característica de la Región Pampeana (Argentina). El estudio se desarrolló en un lote perteneciente a la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Paraná del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), ubicado en la provincia de Entre Ríos (Argentina). Se obtuvieron muestras de suelo en seis fechas diferentes durante la secuencia de cultivos. Se determinó en cada una de ellas las siguientes propiedades: contenido de agua, densidad aparente, distribución de poros, estabilidad estructural y la inf iltración de agua medida con un simulador de lluvias. Para relacionar el comportamiento de estas propiedades con las condiciones climáticas previas, se consideraron distintos parámetros climáticos. No hubo influencia de la especie cultivada y de los ciclos de humedecimiento y secado del suelo sobre las propiedades físicas evaluadas. Sin embargo, este Argiudol con un alto contenido de limo y con una capacidad de contracción-expansión entre moderada y alta, mostró una mayor macroporosidad con suelo seco, disminuyendo el coef iciente de escurrimiento. La capacidad de inf iltración estuvo también afectada por la estabilidad estructural, siendo esta más favorable en períodos de mayor temperatura. Se concluye que el momento crítico de este Argiudol para la producción de escurrimiento sería desde la mitad de otoño hasta el comienzo de la primavera, cuando el suelo tiene mayor humedad y hay bajas temperaturas, con consecuencias negativas sobre la macroporosidad, estabilidad estructural e inf iltración. En tal sentido, la implementación de cultivos de cobertura durante el invierno, es una práctica de manejo que favorecerá el desecamiento y la cobertura del suelo, disminuyendo en dicho período el riesgo de escurrimiento.

Cicatriz en la imagen

Este artículo retoma una entrevista radiofónica al director de cine Gustavo Fontán, que dirigió películas sobre el poeta entrerriano Juan L. Ortiz y sobre el escritor santafecino Juan José Saer. Hace hincapié no solo en los filmes sino en la carrera del director y en la obra de los artistas mencionados. Sin descuidar la formación y la enseñanza universitaria de Fontán.

Análisis aeropalinológico en tres áreas de vegetación dentro del Parque Nacional El Palmar (Colón, Entre Ríos) y su relación con la vegetación local y regional.

La diversidad de polen atmosférico colectado mensualmente durante dos años (2011-2013) en trampas Tauber en tres sitios del Parque Nacional El Palmar (provincia de Entre Ríos) es usada para caracterizar la vegetación. El sitio 1 es un área mixta compuesta por pastizales, palmares y humedales. El sitio 2 es un área de pastizales y el sitio 3 un palmar denso. Se identificaron 71 tipos polínicos comprendidos en 43 familias procedentes de fuentes locales, regionales y extraregionales. Dieciséis tipos resultaron abundantes con más de 1% del Annual Pollen Influx en al menos dos muestras. Diferentes factores relacionados con los cambios cuali-cuatitativos de los taxa en el intervalo de estudio son considerados. Por lo tanto, la composición florística de cada sitio en comparación con sus asociaciones polínicas reveló que el sitio 2 se caracteriza por una alta abundancia de Asteraeceae-Asteroideae, con un aumento en el valor de Vernonia (Asteraceae Cichoroidea) y Lamiaceae durante el segundo año. Por otro lado, una composición palinológica similar (Asteraeceae-Asteroideae, Myrtaceae, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Poaceae) se encuentra en los sitios 1 y 3, con tasas de variación entre ambos años. El sitio 3 se diferencia de los otros dos por el registro de Butia yatay en baja frecuencia en porcentajes similares en ambos años, en tanto que Adiantopsis chlorophylla y Microgramma mortoniana aumentaron durante el segundo año.

New locality for Lepidosiren paradoxa Fitzinger, 1837 (Dipnoi: Lepidosirenidae) in Argentina

In this study has document a new locality and thus a southern extension of the distribution of the lungfish Lepidosiren paradoxa to the coast of the Entre Rios Province in the lower Paraná River. This finding increases the range of L. paradoxa by approximately 500 km and represents the third southern record of this species on the south of South America. Additionally, as this region has been relatively well sampled both during past decades and currently, I discuss possible reasons why this range extension has been observed only recently.

A phytosociological analysis of Butia yatay (Arecaceae) palm groves and gallery forests in Entre Rios, Argentina

Multivariate floristic analyses of Butia yatay palm groves and gallery forest associated with the Uruguay River basin of Entre Rios Province (Argentina) were performed, including vegetation stands of Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil). Several new phytosociological associations were identified. These include Eugenio myrcianthis–Butietum yatay association, which represents palm groves on sandy soils evolved from ancient river deposits, and Bignonio callistegioidis–Terminalietum australis association, which represents some gallery forests on regular floodplains of the Uruguay River. Both are placed in the new Pampean alliance Guettardo uruguensis–Bution yatay, which is part of the Dyckio brevifoliae–Terminalietalia australis order and Sebastianio schottiae–Terminalietea australis class, which has been described for Brazil.

The wild artichoke in the pampas: descriptions from the 18thand 19thcenturies

Pampa is a Quecha language word that means open space without shrubs and trees. It is used to designate an extensive region that comprises, in Argentina, most of the Buenos Aires, and southern Santa Fe, Cordoba and Entre Rios provinces, and in Uruguay, the southern region. This area was once ocuppied by extinct megafauna as herviborous mastodonts, glyptodonts, toxodons and giant ground slothses and also predators as the saber-toothed cat. Spanish conquerors first brought cows and horses by 1536 and some of them went wild, finding extensive grassland free of big hervibores and predators, thus they multiplied freely, reaching up to several millions by the 1800s. Along with these animals some old world wild plant species were also brought. In the case of the wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. silvestris), the pampas offered and ideal niche to spread, with almost no native flora competitors for autumn, winter and early spring months. Only in the summer period the ubiquitous Gramineae species developed, but by that time, Cynara was ending its annual cycle. Along the 18th and 19th century many European naturalists and Jesuit priets established and travelled across the region. In this contribution I present some descriptions made by these visitors (Florian Paucke, Alcide d'Orbigny, Charles Darwin and German Burmeister, among others), their observations and drawings regarding wild cardoon, its natural history and uses by the gauchos and first settlers.

A diachronic study of pre-Hispanic vessels from the middle basin of Paraná River (South America) using a petrographic approach

This paper presents a petrographic study of pre-Hispanic vessels from archaeological sites located in the middle basin of the Paraná River, a geographical area where this analytical technique still has very limited application in ceramic studies. Within this framework, a first approach to the chronological variability of pottery through the analysis of 58 ceramic thin sections is carried out. The samples correspond to vessels made by complex hunter-gatherer groups between 625±46 and 1.380±100 14C years BP. The pottery was recovered from three archaeological sites: Arroyo Arenal 1, Arroyo Largo I, and La Palmera II (Entre Rios Province, northeastern Argentina), which are linked to an archaeological unit locally called Goya-Malabrigo. The results show, among other chronological variations, an increasing trend in the use of grog temper over time. These data allow the expansion of knowledge about the ceramic technology of human groups who occupied the area of the Paraná River during the Late Holocene.