Abstract
Aim of study: To evaluate the use of tannins extracts in the control of the American foulbrood pathology and to investigate if these extracts present levels of toxicity on Apis mellifera.Area of study: Paenibacillus larvae strains C1 and C2 were from Balcarce, province of Buenos Aires, strain C6 from Rio Cuarto, in Cordoba province and strain C9 from Concordia in Entre Rios province. Bees larvae used for toxicological assays were collected in Santa Paula experimental apiary, Mar del Plata (belonging to the Centro de Investigación en Abejas Sociales (CIAS-IIPROSAM) from UNMdP.Material and methods: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five different tannin extracts were obtained by agar diffusion method on four P. larvae strains; using the MIC value, the toxicity test on A. mellifera larvae was performed afterwards.Main results: The MIC value was in the range of 6.9 to 898.6 µg/mL. Three tannin extracts did not show toxicity against bee larvae; however, those that were fed with the latter showed a significant increase in weight.Research highlights: Three tanninS extracts showed a good antimicrobial activity against P. larvae and they did not show toxicity against bee larvae.
Highlights
Antimicrobial resistance is a phenomenon of adaptation of bacteria to resist antimicrobial agents
Material and methods: The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five different tannin extracts were obtained by agar diffusion method on four P. larvae strains; using the MIC value, the toxicity test on A. mellifera larvae was performed afterwards
In order to avoid the resistance process generated by antibiotics, plant compounds with known antimicrobial activity have been widely used, i.e. quinones, phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, essential oil, tannins, lignans, glucosinolates and others secondary metabolites (Chandra et al, 2017)
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance is a phenomenon of adaptation of bacteria to resist antimicrobial agents. The overuse of antibiotics has led to the evolution of new strains of bacteria that are resistant or even more lethal than the susceptible strain. This fact leads to many health-related problems (Iwu et al, 1999). Tannins have been studied to have a defence role against predation by animals (Isaza, 2007). These water-soluble compounds with molecular weight ranging between 500 and 5000 Da can precipitate proteins and alkaloids (Sieniawska & Baj, 2017). The antimicrobial activity of tannins has been reported to be higher against
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