Market Entities Research Articles

Analysis on the adjustment of transportation structure and the logistics transformation of railway freight

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the strategic adjustments in China's transportation structure, with a particular focus on the pivotal role of railway freight and its integration into the modern logistics system. It seeks to address the need for a more nuanced understanding of the “road to rail” policy, emphasizing the importance of intermodal collaboration and service of fragmented market demands.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs a transport economics perspective to evaluate the achievements and shortcomings of China's transportation structure optimization. It bases its assessment of the current state of railway freight logistics, multi-modal transportation and the broader implications for the transportation service market on data analysis. The methodology includes a review of existing policies, an examination of industry practices and a comparative analysis with global trends in railway logistics.FindingsThe research underscores the importance of focusing on the development of non-bulk materials, noting the insufficiency in the development of China's rail multi-modal transportation and highlighting the instructive value of successful cases in open-top container road-rail intermodal transportation. The study posits that the railway sector must enhance cooperation with other market entities, aligning with the lead enterprises in the logistics chain that are characterized by speed, high value and strong coordination capabilities, in order to better serve the transportation market. This approach moves away from a reliance on the railway's own capabilities alone.Originality/valueThis paper offers original insights into the transformation of railway freight in China, contributing to the body of knowledge on transportation economics and logistics. It provides valuable recommendations for policymakers and industry practitioners, emphasizing the strategic importance of railway logistics in the context of China's economic development and intense competition in the supply chain. The value of the article lies in its comprehensive understanding of the complexities involved in the adjustment of transportation structures, providing direction for the market-oriented reform of China's railway freight sector.

Commercial defamation in the context of comparative advertising and advertising through commercial events within the framework of chinese law

Reputation applies to both legal entities and natural persons. Since every market entity strives to establish a positive reputation in order to promote its goods, reputation is a crucial attribute for market entities in commercial economic activities. Advertising, in which businesses advertise their goods to emphasize their benefits and market them as effectively as possible, is one strategy to establish this reputation. These organizations may, nevertheless, use advertising by contrasting their product with that of another economic entity in addition to simply displaying their own. They may plan a ceremony to display and contrast their product with that of another organization, or they may employ conventional advertising techniques. They might also try to promote their product by disparaging the quality of goods made by other organizations. As a result, this study offers an analytical examination of commercial defamation, its concept, and comparative advertising—the practice of comparing the product of one company with that of another—with reference to European and American law and the framework of Chinese law. In addition, the study investigates whether the idea of comparative advertising—or advertising in general—applies when a product is presented and contrasted with another product during a ceremony instead of using conventional advertising techniques.

On the issue of the use of artificial intelligence technologies by financial market entities and ensuring the security of their personal and corporate data

The current study analyzes the issues of the accelerated development of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Russian Federation, the use of artificial intelligence technologies by market participants, including financial ones, and ensuring the security of their personal and corporate data, in the context of the rapid progress of AI technologies, contributing to the efficiency of technological solutions through the use of various methods and algorithms. Development in this area is supported by government agencies, scientific institutions, government organizations, and leading companies, which portends a significant expansion of the market by 2030. Artificial intelligence offers many opportunities, but it also has negative aspects. One such aspect is the collection of personal information of users, which is necessary in order to maintain, improve the performance of AI. This can happen either within the law or through illegal actions by digital criminals. Collecting all sorts of data allows algorithms to learn, adapt to society's needs, offer personalized recommendations, improve app interactions, much more. But misuse of these practices leads to serious privacy threats. The responsibility for protecting the information received lies with organizations, including financial ones, which must comply with security measures and proper protection of personal information. However, users themselves are sometimes insufficiently vigilant and cautious in handling their data, thereby increasing the risk of confidential information leakage. Cases of increasing digital crimes confirm that AI creates favorable conditions for various manipulations by cybercriminals, which negatively affects the economic security of the country and its citizens. The article discusses the current problems associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence in all spheres of human life, provides statistics on the number of court cases related to artificial intelligence, concludes that it is necessary to introduce a multi-level set of measures, including not only the general regulation of artificial intelligence, providing basic principles and approaches, but there are also self-regulation mechanisms that will allow market participants to adapt to rapidly changing conditions.

Multi Dimensional and Scenario Generalization Value Quantification of Data Assets Based on a Multi Factor Valuation Scoring Model -- Taking the Water Resources Data Assets of Key Provinces in the Comprehensive Management of the Yangtze River Basin as an Example

Nowadays the explosive growth of digital assets has become a new economic growth point. The entry of data assets into the balance sheet and embracing the capital market to exert its multiplier effect have become trending topics. However, the quantification of data asset valuation, as data asset utilizations cornerstone, still faces many obstacles, such as discriminatory analysis, lack of scenario generalization valuation systems and multi objective quantitative dimension,etc.Starting from both subjective and objective dimensions and coordinating multiple market entities, this article constructs a multi factor valuation screening and scoring model to quantify the value of data assets and addresses these practical challenges. Quantify factors through methods such as the Short Ratio Method and Delphi Expert Method. Due to the heterogeneous preferences and requirements of different industries for different factors, this article uses the Compound Analytic Hierarchy Process and effect functions to rank and combine factors for weighting, meeting the specific application effects in various scenarios while also achieving a scenario generalization approach to meet the needs of cross industry trading of data assets. Finally, apply the model to the water resources data assets of the Yangtze River comprehensive management province. This case study promotes the valuation of water resources data assets and the multi-party trading and circulation between governments and market entities.This article aims to provide new models and academic recommendations for data asset valuation and value quantification, to assist in the utilization and circulation of data assets, as well as the construction of data asset trading markets.

Туристичний продукт як основа формування конкурентоспроможності туристичного бізнесу

The article is devoted to the study of the foundations for ensuring the competitiveness of the tourism business, particularly through the formation of an effective tourist product. The purpose of the article is to analyze, systematize, and summarize the theoretical and methodological foundations for ensuring the competitiveness of the tourism business and to justify the structure of a tourist product that meets modern challenges and market needs. The article presents a comprehensive study of the tourist product as a key element of the competitiveness of the tourism business. A literature review enabled an analysis of the concepts and definitions of the tourist product, with official interpretations of this concept provided according to international and national regulatory acts. It is determined that a tourist product is a socially beneficial result of the activities of the tourism business in the field of tourism, provided in both material and non-material forms, satisfying the social, aesthetic, cultural, spiritual, and physiological needs of tourist consumers, jointly produced by the tourism business entities and related sectors—transport, trade, culture, communication—based on the use of tourist, natural, geographical, infrastructural, human, economic, and other factors and resources of the destination. The study substantiates the significance of the tourist product in realizing the tourism potential of a destination and the economic potential of tourism market entities. The main characteristics of the tourist product are identified, such as its complexity, variability, and incompleteness until the end of its consumption period. A classification of types of tourist products is presented, including integrated, single, core, partial, and complex products. The study reveals the interconnection between the components of the tourist product, such as tourist resources, transportation, accommodation, and service offerings, and their impact on the competitiveness of the tourism business. It is noted that the tourist product is not just a combination of material and non-material services but also a complex of emotional and psychological components that create a unique experience for tourists. The importance of flexibility in the offer and assortment of tourist products to meet the diverse needs of tourists is justified. Keywords: tourist product, competitiveness of tourism business, tourism services, tourism market, consumer needs.

БИЗНЕСТЕГІ АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯЛАР

The article reflects the results of the analysis of technologies for the implementation of web applications for e-business, shows the advantages of e-commerce. The types and technologies for implementing business processes are described. The results of the analysis of technologies for creating web applications are reflected. The basic, models of interaction of subjects of the market are considered. The article describes the results of a brief analysis of methods for quantitative analysis of processes. The main sectors of the market and models of interaction between market entities in computer networks are shown. Aspects of the SWOT analysis of the business process are disclosed. consumption sectors of the e-commerce market in Kazakhstan. The article briefly describes the analysis of technologies for creating web applications.

Theoretical aspects of the environmental management system of modern pharmaceutical market entities as a factor of the sustainable development

Aim. To develop the theoretical foundations for implementing the environmental management system in the activities of pharmaceutical market entities. Materials and methods. The materials used in writing the article were the works of scientists, statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine (Derzhstat). The research methods, such as analysis, synthesis, generalization, structural, system analysis, were used. Results. The environmental management system of pharmaceutical market entities is closely related to the country’s economy and is one of the tasks of the sustainable development of organizations. According to the environmental paradigm, it is necessary to integrate the environmental management into the general structure of the organization. The environmental management system integrates environmental policies, environmental strategies and environmental programs, which allow the pharmaceutical market entity to create innovative products in eco-friendly productions. The article analyzes the definition of the “environmental management” and suggests that the environmental management of a pharmaceutical market entity should be understood as a part of the management system that has a clear organizational structure and aims to achieve the provisions specified in the organization’s environmental policy through the implementation of the environmental protection programs and management of environmental aspects. Conclusions. The relevance of implementing the environmental management system in the activities of domestic pharmaceutical market entities has been studied. Based on the research conducted, the definition of the concept of the “environmental management of a pharmaceutical market entity” and its concept has been proposed.

Artificial Intelligence in Banking : The Evidence from Poland

The widespread use of new technologies has reduced the precise boundary between physical and digital realities. Dynamic development of artificial intelligence (AI) systems has contributed to the digital transformation of the global economy. Given its extensive range of potential applications, AI has the potential to impact a multitude of socio-economic domains, including politics, security, health care, medicine, economy, trade, finance, taxes, and production. As the banking sector plays a crucial role in the global economy, the question arises as to whether and to what extent banking market entities are willing to use artificial intelligence solutions in their business processes. This study aims to determine the scope of AI use by key banks operating in the Polish banking market. Achieving this goal requires determining what categories of AI are used by key banks operating in Poland, analysing AI methods used by those banks, and the fields of AI implementation. The research scope covers the analysis of AI applications in the largest banks operating in Poland, which together cover almost half of the market share (PKO Bank Polski S.A., Bank Pekao S.A., Santander Bank Polska S.A., mBank S.A. and ING Bank Śląski S.A). To obtain an up-to-date overview of AI usage, the research period is 2019-2024. The empirical part of the research is supported by an analysis of the widespread use of artificial intelligence and its dynamic international development based on academic papers and industry reports.

Impact of Green Finance on Regional Green Innovation Performance

Green finance (GF) is a new financial service that supports green and low-carbon (GLC) transformation. Whether green finance (GF) can effectively improve regional green innovation performance (GIP) by optimizing resource allocation and increasing factor input is a key question for achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs): environmental, economic, and society. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2007 to 2021, this paper explores the impact of GF on GIP and analyzes the mechanisms of the effect. The findings of this paper indicate that GF plays a significantly positive role in promoting regional GIP, increasing both quantity and quality. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that GF has a considerable incentive effect on carbon reduction technology, and the innovation incentive effect of GF is much greater in regions where the attention paid to the environment is high or there is a low natural endowment. Mechanism analysis reveals GF improves GIP by optimizing financial resource allocation and increasing R&D factor input. Therefore, this paper proposes the following suggestions: (1) The central government should improve the top-level design of the GF policy system and provide financial support for GLC transformation and the achievement of SDGs. (2) Local governments should explore diversified development paths for GF according to their own characteristics, stimulate market entities’ enthusiasm for GLC transformation, and improve regional green innovation performance so as to achieve coordinated and sustainable development of the environment, economy, and society.

Economic dispatch of microgrid generation-load-storage based on dynamic bi-level game of multiple stakeholders

During the participation of microgrid operators(MGO) and shared energy storage investors(SEI) in electricity market operations, unclear positioning of shared energy storage(SES) in the trading mechanism leads to decision-making limitations and mutual pricing constraints among stakeholders. Therefore, a dynamic bi-level game model based on multiple stakeholders is established in the paper. Considering the full life cycle investment costs, leasing costs, and load peak-shaving ancillary service revenue, establish a net revenue model for SEI. In the upper level, with SEI as leaders and MGO as followers, establishing a master-slave game model for optimizing SES leasing prices, and formulate leasing strategies. In the lower level, with MGO as leaders and cluster users as followers, establishing a master-slave game model for optimizing electricity prices and formulate scheduling strategies. A hybrid multi-strategy improved whale optimization algorithm based on simulated annealing(HSWMO) is proposed, combined with the theory of fixed points to solve the optimization problem of the upper and lower levels until obtaining the optimal solution that converges to a fixed point. Through case analysis, it is verified that the operational mode of SES as a market entity can bring higher economic benefits to multiple stakeholders such as MGO and cluster users. Meanwhile, the analysis from the perspective of SEI examines the optimal capacity investment and payback period for SES, providing effective reference for the comprehensive decision-making of SEI and MGO.

How Big Data Patents Affect Enterprise Data Technology's Impact on Market Value and Profitability

This paper explores in detail the impact of enterprise data technology capabilities on market value and profits. Using big data patent statistics closely related to data collection, analysis and application as a measurement standard, the study reveals the positive role of enterprise data technology capabilities in significantly improving market value, especially in the financial and wholesale and retail industries. However, despite the huge potential, most companies still face many challenges in converting this technological advantage into actual profits, and in some cases even have an adverse impact on the profits of industrial enterprises. It is worth noting that industrial internet supplier companies have successfully achieved a double leap in market value and profits with their comprehensive investment in R&D, capital, government subsidies and IT infrastructure. Based on this, the study puts forward a series of suggestions to promote enterprises to strengthen data technology capabilities, increase complementary investments, develop diversified application scenarios and profit models, and further improve data market mechanisms and infrastructure construction to comprehensively promote the effective development and utilization of data. In order to continue to promote the development and utilization of data by various market entities in USA, it is recommended to focus on improving enterprise data technology capabilities, increase complementary investments, develop application scenarios and profit models for data technologies, cultivate professional data service institutions, and promote the construction of data factor market mechanisms and infrastructure.

USE OF MODERN MANAGEMENT MECHANISMS IN DIGITALIZATION OF TOURISM SITUATION LEARNING

The article talks about the development of digitalization in tourism. The authors note the motives of the tourism market entities in the use of digital technologies. It was noted that digitalization is a new form of communication between producers and consumers of tourism services, which will become a source of competitive advantages for tourism organizations.

Insurance protection of business in the context of digitalization: the balance of private and public interests

The article discusses current issues of business insurance protection in the context of digitalization. New proposals of insurance market entities have been studied in detail — remote sale of insurance products both on their own online resource (usually the website of an insurance organization) and on specialized financial platforms, resolution of insurance cases through telecommunications innovations, settlement of pre-trial disputes via the Internet. The authors analyze the advantages and disadvantages of various types of insurance services for entrepreneurs, as well as measures taken by the state to stimulate the development of the insurance market and the desire of entrepreneurs to use insurance protection on a voluntary basis.

THE IMPACT OF DIGITALIZATION ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRO-FOOD SPHERE

The agro-food sphere is one of the key industries in the country's economy and plays a major role in ensuring food security. The development of the agro-food sphere requires the development and implementation of innovative projects in this field. The creation and implementation of such innovative projects require the availability of information support, which includes complete and up-to-date information about the objects and processes related to the project. It has been proven that the innovative development of the agro-food sphere is closely related to the digitalization process in this field. It is noted that digitalization in the management of agriculture and the agro-food sphere opens up new opportunities for increasing the efficiency, transparency, and sustainability of this industry. The main directions of implementing digitalization in the agro-food sphere have been studied, including the creation of electronic registers and databases, and the development of decision support systems. The integration of e-government services in the agro-food sphere offers significant opportunities for improving the efficiency of public administration, enhancing service delivery, improving interaction between public authorities and agricultural market entities, and ensuring sustainable agricultural development. The author has developed a methodology for the integral assessment of the level of e-government development in the country. The integral assessment is based on initial indicators, including those defined by the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. The method of the modified principal component was used to determine the weighting coefficients of these indicators in the integral assessment. Integral assessments of the components of the agro-food sphere have been determined: the food industry, retail trade in food products, and indicators related to the protection and preservation of the environment associated with the agro-food sphere. A significant correlation has been found between these integral assessments and the integral assessment of digitalization

The “Sheep Rush” phenomenon and the level of social trust during the financial crisis 2008+, the COVID-19 pandemic and chosen armed attacks in the 21st century

Economic and pandemic crises, along with military actions, constitute a strong cause-and-effect link between the occurrence of society’s loss of trust in the market environment in the 21st century. The occurrence of unfavourable situations is often related to the “Sheep Rush” phenomenon. The lack of regulations and effective tools to prevent and counteract market turmoil increases the mood of anxiety. Many consumers and investors, in a situation of ignorance and chaos, begin to imitate emerging market trends. In times of crisis, many citizens begin to buy gold, which increases in value with high demand, highlighting the scale of the unfavourable situation. The gold market responds to social unrest related to various types of crises. In this case, the appreciation of gold is sudden and the price trend is not short-term. The occurrence of a negative price on the crude oil futures market during the COVID-19 epidemic in May 2020 or the exceeding of the maximum historical limit of $2,100/ounce of gold in December 2023 illustrates the extremes of herd behaviour, which is based on panic. In turn, the inappropriate monetary policy of the United States based on a low interest rate in 2006 caused a global financial meltdown and continues to exert strong inflationary pressure on the property market around the world, including in Poland. The description of macroeconomic events in the 21st century well illustrates how important it is for market entities to trust each other and the market, as well as to make reasonable decisions. Otherwise, we usually deal with a market collapse and a domino effect. The sheep rush process is vital from the point of view of social and economic inequalities due to the impact of such behaviour on the prices of analysed goods and the level of international trust.

From Administrative Price to Market Value of Real Estate. The Evolution of the Valuation System in Poland

Abstract The article applies the method of historical research, using a temporal perspective dating back to 1985, to trace the evolution of market valuation principles for real estate in Poland. These principles evolved similarly to those in many other post-socialist countries, influenced by political and socio-economic transformations and the resulting list of objectives for which these values became essential. The changing legal regulations allowing for the emergence and development of a free real estate market played a decisive role in this process. It was also a period of preparing real estate valuation professionals to meet these requirements. Today, the methodology of valuation, under increasing pressure from various real estate market entities and the rapid advancement of intelligent data collection and processing technologies, is undergoing further evolution. In many countries, including Poland, lively discussions and disputes are ongoing regarding the legal authorization of statistical tools and automated valuation models in valuation practice. These possibilities are being considered particularly in the context of mass property valuations for tax purposes. The methodology involves the analysis of Polish legal provisions, foreign literature, and documents proving the gradual marketization of valuation principles.

Involving certain socio-demographic groups of the population in active entrepreneurship as a factor of sustainable regional economies

The article examines priority groups of the population (socially vulnerable, women entrepreneurs, young and social entrepreneurs) engaged in entrepreneurial activities, including through the conclusion of a social contract, as a factor of the sustainability of regional economies. The article is aimed at analysing the regional structure of these population groups and their support in individual subjects. The methodology of the study is based on the use of general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison). The main results of the work have showed that supporting participation of the above-mentioned groups socially integrates them, stimulating economic growth, regional and national development. In addition, it increases the level of economic competitiveness, expands entrepreneurial opportunities, and creates a favourable climate for the successful functioning of market entities. The scope of application of the results obtained during the study is based on the possibility of using them while developing mechanisms for increasing the involvement of the considered priority population groups in order to achieve a given level of sustainability of regional economies, which also determines the prospects for further research on this problem. The dependence of the level of sustainable development of regional economies and their competitiveness on the level of involvement of these groups in entrepreneurship has been established.

An empirical analysis of the development of China’s rural market economy system

ABSTRACT This paper presents a comprehensive study conducted from 2000 to 2021, utilizing a 14-indicator index to measure China’s rural Marketization economic development. The indicators encompass four dimensions: rural market subjects, rural market systems, rural land property rights, and government macroeconomic regulation and control. The research covers national and regional levels, providing insights into the following key findings: Firstly, China has witnessed a consistent improvement in the level of rural market economic development across national, regional, and provincial tiers. This progress can be predominantly attributed to advancements in rural land property rights, characterized by enhanced land tenure security and a significant reduction in land disputes. Secondly, Western China has maintained a synchronized development pace with central and eastern regions, resulting in relatively minor developmental disparities. Nevertheless, the progression of rural market subjects in western China remains a limiting factor in further enhancing rural market economic development. Simultaneously, government macroeconomic regulation and control act as a constraining element in driving nationwide rural market economic development. Given the persistent imbalance in regional development, concerted efforts should be made to gradually narrow the developmental gap among the western, central, and eastern regions at both the rural market entity and government macro-control levels.

Development of management and its impact on medicine and pharmacy

Aim. To study and generalize the main current trends in the theory and practice of management and their impact on the activities of healthcare institutions. Materials and methods. Scientific literature, legislative and regulatory acts, informational websites on the Internet were used. Such methods as the content analysis, comprehensive and systemic approach, structural-logical analysis, generalization, comparison, and grouping were applied. Results. The current trends in management have been systematized and grouped. The role of the development of organizational management theory and practice in changing approaches to management, leadership in forming new requirements for the skills of employees, increasing attention to the human factor, digitalization of management processes, socialization of management, etc., in general and in the healthcare system in particular has been demonstrated. Areas of use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical, clinical, pharmaceutical, and biotechnological practice have been identified. The impact of innovative processes on the functioning of pharmaceutical market entities has been characterized. Conclusions. Modern management trends have been analyzed; changes in management concepts and company transformation have been described; the characteristics of contemporary leadership, the implementation of a value-oriented approach, directions for the development of mechanisms for intellectual management and digitalization, and innovative approaches to management have been determined. The impact of existing management trends and achievements on the medical and pharmaceutical system has been demonstrated.

The Sustainable Development Model of China’s Tourism-Based Poverty Alleviation Industry: Analysis of the Configuration of an Active Government, an Efficient Market and a Caring Society

Tourism-based poverty alleviation strategies have played an important role in China’s efforts to eliminate poverty. In the post-poverty-alleviation era, the mechanism by which the government, market and society jointly promote the sustainable development of the tourism-based poverty alleviation industry requires further research. Based on data from 33 tourism-based poverty alleviation demonstration counties in China, this paper uses the fsQCA method to explore the role positioning and function of the three major entities of government, market and society. The results show that no single condition can promote the long-term development of tourism-based poverty alleviation. Four modes are proposed: government financial support, resource endowment, ecosystem tourism and multisubject coordination. The government provides a diverse and sustainable “haematopoietic” mechanism by focusing on different elements in each path. In addition, public tourism services are crucial to the long-term mechanism of tourism-based poverty alleviation.