Entities Of Interest Research Articles

Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Pediatric Acquired Brain Injury: An Under-Recognized Entity

Abstract Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) is a less-known neurologic emergency that can be life-threatening. It is a form of extreme autonomic dysregulation leading to multiple episodes of sympathetic hyperactivity. The pathogenesis of this interesting entity is yet to be fully understood. It presents as unexplained tachycardia, hypertension, and sometimes hyperthermia. Poor awareness of this fact leads to unnecessary workup to look for the cause of fever and interventions such as change of antibiotics. If it is not treated adequately, it can even cause complications like arrhythmias that can be fatal at times. PSH secondary to acquired brain injury is better known in adults, but there are scarce reports in children. We describe six cases of PSH in children with acquired brain injury – four secondary to traumatic brain injury and two secondary to neurologic infection (one with bacterial meningitis and the other one with viral meningoencephalitis). PSH can be seen in non-traumatic brain injury cases like meningitis. Due to a lack of awareness about this common but under-recognized entity, it is seldom diagnosed and treated. Early detection and treatment can be life-saving and improve patient outcomes. Earlier onset may be associated with poorer outcomes and mortality.

Trait-focused low-cost and stereo-based 3D plant modeling for phenotyping via deep neural detection

Abstract. Phenotyping, the measurement of plants physical traits, plays a pivotal role in advancing sustainable agricultural practices. Therefore, developing efficient, low-cost, means to generate such measures is vital. Though image based 2D-driven methods are commonly applied for that purpose due to their processing simplicity, it is clear that only 3D information can offer the necessary plant details. Notwithstanding, the generation of such data is challenged by the requirement to acquire a large set of images or the use of active sensors, which exhibit sensitivity to illumination and require lengthy acquisition campaigns. Consequently, 3D plant phenotyping is presently limited to controlled laboratory conditions and is hardly applied in actual growth setups. To address this shortcoming, this paper argues that by focusing on relevant plant traits, modeling can be simplified and the need for detailed plant reconstruction can be relieved. Accordingly, only a minimal set of images, specifically a stereo pair, can suffice for the reconstruction, thereby providing a low-cost sensing solution. To facilitate the reconstruction, we adapt an anchor-free detection deep neural network and integrate low- and high-level features to accurately detect our plant traits of interest. As the paper demonstrates our adapted network facilitates a robust 3D reconstruction of the entities of interest. Performance analysis demonstrates how our detection is reliable and accurate compared to standard anchor-free frameworks, translating to accurate reconstruction, as we validate against 3D plant scans.

Tax-Related Sustainability Reporting: Theoretical and Normative Implications from a European Perspective

Tax disclosure has become increasingly important for the stakeholders of public interest entities. The heterogeneity of tax disclosure in financial and sustainability reporting leaves open questions about the (non-) integration of tax and sustainability reporting. This article aims to explore the components of tax-related sustainability reporting (TRSR) and its derivation from existing reporting standards. Based on legitimacy and stakeholder (agency) theories, the authors stress the need for regulation of TRSR from a European perspective and introduce an innovative reporting concept.

Ethical Considerations Regarding Psychedelics for Clinical Pain Research.

Psychedelics, substances with a long history of cultural and medicinal use, are experiencing a resurgence in clinical research, particularly in psychiatry. Despite their classification as Schedule I drugs, recent studies suggest therapeutic potential, particularly in treating refractory depression. With chronic pain representing a major health concern and with few non-opioid treatment options available, psychedelics are being explored as alternative treatment modalities. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) now funds psychedelic research, marking a shift from previous decades of limited funding. However, ethical considerations loom large. Vulnerable populations, such as those with chronic pain that impairs their autonomy, require careful consideration by researchers of risks and benefits. Additionally, researchers and interested entities must navigate complex regulatory landscapes involving the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) when considering pursuing possible research. Furthermore, transparent collaboration among stakeholders-patients, researchers, and regulatory bodies-is crucial for participant safety and successful research. Although a number of ethical approaches can be taken, we posit that stakeholders consider utilizing principal-based research ethics, comprised of the principles of autonomy, beneficence, justice, and nonmaleficence, to guide the process. Ultimately, balancing therapeutic promise with ethical integrity is paramount. Careful planning, collaboration, and adherence to ethical principles can increase the likelihood that psychedelic research in chronic pain management progresses responsibly, offering hope for patients while safeguarding their well-being.

Sequential Release of Ibuprofen and the Gasotransmitter Hydrogen sulfide using Oxanorbornane-Based Synthetic Lipids as Carriers.

After understanding the biological signaling roles of hydrogen sulfide and its involvement in various physiological processes, there has been enormous interest in exploring its therapeutic utility in areas such as cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, etc. There is also growing interest in using suitable H2S donors in combination with other drugs to improve the treatment outcome through the modulation of multiple pathways. The premature release of H2S from small molecule donors and the difficulty in controlling its spatio-temporal distribution are the major challenges during these efforts. Hence the development of appropriate carriers that can release this gasotransmitter along with the therapeutic entity of interest in a controlled manner has high significance. In this regard, this report presents a novel drug delivery system from oxanorbornane-based synthetic lipids that carries a H2S-releasing 1,2-dithiole-3-thione moiety as part of the head group. Nanoaggregates of the resulting conjugate are not only capable of efficiently entrapping a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen, but also release this drug and H2S in a controlled and sequential manner.

IMPROVING WATER QUALITY MONITORING AND PARTICIPATORY MONITORING OF THE AQUA PROJECT APPLICATION

Introduction Water quality monitoring plays a key role in promoting environmental sustainability. Water is a vital resource for life and its availability and quality are intrinsically linked to human well-being and health. Through constant monitoring, it is possible to identify and mitigate pollutants, the Aqua project proposes to present a solution for evaluating and monitoring water quality, using a cell phone application and a very low-cost kit, integrating everything into an online platform. line with the aim of establishing a participatory monitoring network for rivers and water bodies. Results and Discussion The initial version of the Aqua1,2 project application, which is capable of determining: nitrite, organic matter, ortho-phosphate, ammonia and iron, all contaminants of water bodies3, stored the information only on the cell phone itself, and the georeferencing was done in a manual, where the operator himself had to manually record where the sample was taken. Furthermore, it was not available on Google Play, which made it difficult for less skilled people to install it. The application was rewritten, and is no longer local, running exclusively on the cell phone and was migrated to the cloud, now the data is also stored in a public database, where other researchers, or interested entities can have access, the account is no longer be local and is now stored on the internet, georeferencing is also now more accurate, as the application reads the location through the phone's own GPS system, and installation can be done via Google Play, removing one of the difficulties for use of the application. Conclusions With these modifications, the objective of participatory monitoring has now become easier to achieve, as the data of all users can be accessed via the internet, they have become more secure as they are no longer on the device, and the location of the sample location has become much easier. more accurate, in addition to allowing data integration.

Circular RNA: The evolving potential in the disease world

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a new star of noncoding RNAs, are a group of endogenous RNAs that form a covalently closed circle and occur widely in the mammalian genome. Most circRNAs are conserved throughout species and frequently show stage-specific expression during various stages of tissue development. CircRNAs were a mystery discovery, as they were initially believed to be a product of splicing errors; however, subsequent research has shown that circRNAs can perform various functions and help in the regulation of splicing and transcription, including playing a role as microRNA (miRNA) sponges. With the application of high throughput next-generation technologies, circRNA hotspots were discovered. There are emerging indications that explain the association of circRNAs with human diseases, like cancers, developmental disorders, and inflammation, and circRNAs may be a new potential biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment outcome of various diseases, including cancer. After the discoveries of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, circRNAs are now acting as a novel research entity of interest in the field of RNA disease biology. In this review, we aim to focus on major updates on the biogeny and metabolism of circRNAs, along with their possible/established roles in major human diseases.

Економічна сутність та роль бухгалтерської звітності в інформаційному забезпеченні державного управління

The work aims to analyze the economic essence and role of accounting reporting in the information provision of state administration in modern economic conditions. The research methodology included the following research methods: terminological analysis – to clarify to the city the essence of the concept of “information provision” of the state administration system; the method of analysis and synthesis – in order to adapt the concept of reporting to modern conditions of state administration; monographic analysis – to define and characterize approaches to the role of accounting reporting in the information provision of public administration; systematic approach – in order to determine the content of the information provision of reporting of the state administration system based on the conducted research. It is highlighted that the state administration system has also changed under the influence of information technologies. As a result, the number of scientific concepts and approaches to understanding the term “information provision” has increased. Based on definitions of the concept of “information provision” in the aspects of state administration, the following approaches are distinguished: the process of processing information, the process of satisfying information requests, the administrative aspect, the process of the total number of bodies and resources, a set of measures. The author’s definition of “information provision of reporting of the state administration system” is presented. The definitions of the entity “reporting,” “accounting reporting,” and “financial reporting” have been systematized according to various sources. We believe that financial reporting is a component of accounting reporting. It is distinguished by the fact that it discloses information about its financial condition and the results of business entities for external and internal use. Regarding the concept of accounting and financial reporting, we note that “accounting reporting” is a broader concept and can be presented to both internal and external users. Internal reporting is intended for the needs of internal management of the enterprise and its divisions and may contain confidential information that is not disclosed. External reporting, including financial reporting, reflects the financial and economic activity of the enterprise as a whole and is a means of informing external users – interested legal entities and individuals – about the activities, income, expenses, financial results, property status of the enterprise, and can be used at the enterprise itself. Keywords: information provision, reporting, information provision of public administration system reporting, accounting reporting, financial reporting, public administration.

The impact of the non-audit fee cap on audit quality in European public interest entities

The European audit reform of 2014 imposes, inter alia, a cap on the fees of non-audit services (NAS) for Public Interest Entities (PIEs). Prior academic findings do not provide consistent evidence that NAS impair auditor independence, and it is thus unclear whether a cap effectively enhances audit quality. Our study examines the impact of this cap on audit quality for listed PIEs across the EU from 2013 to 2018. We find that the cap decreased earnings management and increased audit fees for affected PIEs, i.e., those that exceeded the 70% cap before the reform, compared to unaffected PIEs. We document that the effect occurred immediately, persisted in 2017 and 2018, and was driven by companies with non-audit fees exceeding their audit fees before the reform. Furthermore, we show that the improvement in audit quality post-regulation is generally more pronounced in the sample of Big 4 clients.

Chemical entity normalization for successful translational development of Alzheimer’s disease and dementia therapeutics

BackgroundIdentifying chemical mentions within the Alzheimer’s and dementia literature can provide a powerful tool to further therapeutic research. Leveraging the Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) ontology, which is rich in hierarchical and other relationship types, for entity normalization can provide an advantage for future downstream applications. We provide a reproducible hybrid approach that combines an ontology-enhanced PubMedBERT model for disambiguation with a dictionary-based method for candidate selection.ResultsThere were 56,553 chemical mentions in the titles of 44,812 unique PubMed article abstracts. Based on our gold standard, our method of disambiguation improved entity normalization by 25.3 percentage points compared to using only the dictionary-based approach with fuzzy-string matching for disambiguation. For the CRAFT corpus, our method outperformed baselines (maximum 78.4%) with a 91.17% accuracy. For our Alzheimer’s and dementia cohort, we were able to add 47.1% more potential mappings between MeSH and ChEBI when compared to BioPortal.ConclusionUse of natural language models like PubMedBERT and resources such as ChEBI and PubChem provide a beneficial way to link entity mentions to ontology terms, while further supporting downstream tasks like filtering ChEBI mentions based on roles and assertions to find beneficial therapies for Alzheimer’s and dementia.

Scheduling optimization of shared energy storage and peer-to-peer power trading among industrial buildings

Constructing distributed photovoltaic systems on industrial building rooftops and establishing adaptive microgrid energy flow scheduling models are effective means of achieving full deployment and consumption of photovoltaics. The operational modes and stakeholders involved in shared energy storage and peer-to-peer trading differ significantly, influencing both the energy flow scheduling and on-site consumption rates of microgrids. In this study, a dual-objective function model with multiple constraints was designed, and particle swarm optimization was applied to seek optimal energy storage capacity. Pareto optimal solution sets under dual objectives with conflicting interests were explored, and comparative analyses of energy flow scheduling under shared energy storage and peer-to-peer trading microgrid modes were conducted. Furthermore, the daily cost-effectiveness of these two modes was evaluated. The results indicated that stakeholders with conflicting interests difficult to achieve win–win outcomes in energy scheduling. The integration of peer-to-peer trading not only reduced shared energy storage capacity by 18% but also achieved local consumption rates of 62% and 100% in summer and winter, respectively. Peer-to-peer trading had a minimal impact on user power costs, yet it increases power revenues by 32% and 235% in summer and winter, respectively, thereby reducing the net expenditure of the users. The results of this study provide a reference for microgrid energy flow scheduling models involving entities of uncommon interest in industrial parks.

Третьи лица, не заявляющие самостоятельных требований относительно предмета спора по делам об установлении факта, имеющего юридическое значение в арбитражном процессе

Procedure of the Saratov State Law Academy, Legal Practitioner In this article, despite the impossibility of embracing the immensity, several institutions of civil procedural law are identified, which have their own characteristic questionable features of unresolved (we will clarify as we increase): third parties without claims regarding the subject matter of the dispute, special proceedings, arbitration proceedings. The importance of the role of third parties in justice has been given over a different number of times, the practical orientation of resolving indisputable cases puzzles persons in their procedural position of the arbitration court — the applicant and interested persons, or interested entities together with the applicant with the involvement of third parties without claims in the case.

Exploring named‐entity recognition techniques for academic books

Recent advances in the natural language processing (NLP) field have achieved impressive results in various tasks. However, NLP techniques are underrepresented in the analysis of Humanities and Social Science texts and in languages other than English. In particular, academic books are a highly valuable source of information that has not been exploited by these techniques at all. The recognition of named entities (person names, organizations or locations) and their semantic annotation over books could enrich the visibility and discoverability of the information by users. This is an opportunity for academia and the academic publishing industry in which semantic search is a central task and now books can be queried by named entities of interest that are in their content. This work proposes a methodology to apply named‐entity recognition to publish the results into an ontological semantic‐web format. The work has been performed over a corpus of academic books provided by UNE (Unión de Editoriales Universitarias Españolas, Union of Spanish University Presses). Results show an enrichment of the information extracted over the books and of the possibilities of querying them at the individual level but also within the whole set of books, increasing the possibilities for books to be discovered or retrieved beyond metadata.

The application of natural language processing for the extraction of mechanistic information in toxicology.

To study the ways in which compounds can induce adverse effects, toxicologists have been constructing Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs). An AOP can be considered as a pragmatic tool to capture and visualize mechanisms underlying different types of toxicity inflicted by any kind of stressor, and describes the interactions between key entities that lead to the adverse outcome on multiple biological levels of organization. The construction or optimization of an AOP is a labor intensive process, which currently depends on the manual search, collection, reviewing and synthesis of available scientific literature. This process could however be largely facilitated using Natural Language Processing (NLP) to extract information contained in scientific literature in a systematic, objective, and rapid manner that would lead to greater accuracy and reproducibility. This would support researchers to invest their expertise in the substantive assessment of the AOPs by replacing the time spent on evidence gathering by a critical review of the data extracted by NLP. As case examples, we selected two frequent adversities observed in the liver: namely, cholestasis and steatosis denoting accumulation of bile and lipid, respectively. We used deep learning language models to recognize entities of interest in text and establish causal relationships between them. We demonstrate how an NLP pipeline combining Named Entity Recognition and a simple rules-based relationship extraction model helps screen compounds related to liver adversities in the literature, but also extract mechanistic information for how such adversities develop, from the molecular to the organismal level. Finally, we provide some perspectives opened by the recent progress in Large Language Models and how these could be used in the future. We propose this work brings two main contributions: 1) a proof-of-concept that NLP can support the extraction of information from text for modern toxicology and 2) a template open-source model for recognition of toxicological entities and extraction of their relationships. All resources are openly accessible via GitHub (https://github.com/ontox-project/en-tox).

Low-carbon economic operation strategy for multi-agent integrated energy system considering uncertainty of renewable energy power generation

The uncertainty of renewable energy output threatens the operation safety of multi-agent integrated energy system (MAIES), which makes it difficult to balance the low-carbon economic operation demands of various stakeholders. However, the existing research solely focuses on the operational strategy of multi-agent game involving integrated energy suppliers and users in deterministic scenarios, overlooking the complementary supporting role and game interaction of shared energy storage and wind farm as independent entities of interest under the instability of renewable energy power generation. Hence, this paper first establishes the optimal operation models for integrated energy system operator (IESO), user aggregator (UA), shared energy storage operator (SESO), and wind farm operator (WFO) considering the stepped carbon trading. Second, in the face of the actual situation of uncertainty of photovoltaic and wind power output, fuzzy chance-constrained programming is adopted for processing. Then, a bi-layer game equilibrium model with IESO as a leader and UA, SESO, and WFO as followers is proposed, and the existence and uniqueness of Stackelberg equilibrium solution are proved. Finally, simulation calculation is carried out based on the YALMIP toolbox in the Matlab R2023a software, and the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm and CPLEX solver are used to solve the model. The results demonstrate that the participation of SESO and WFO as independent stakeholders in the game interaction can improve the economic and environmental benefits of MAIES. The iterative optimization of demand response subsidy prices can effectively motivate users to participate in demand response, improve the ability of MAIES to cope with the uncertain risks of renewable energy generation and load, and reduce the power grid dispatch pressure.

Measures for enhancing auditor independence: Perceptions of spanish non-professional investors and auditors

Auditors fulfill a crucial societal role by increasing the credibility of financial reports, which requires that appropriate audit quality be provided and auditors are factually independent and perceived as such. So far, regulators and researchers have focused on a few measures for improving independence, namely the prohibition of non-audit services (NAS), audit firm and audit partner rotation, and joint audits. Despite these regulatory initiatives, accounting scandals still happen, and the independence of the auditors involved is questioned. Therefore, this explorative study aims to identify alternative measures that may strengthen auditor independence. Non-professional investors and auditors participated in a survey to identify promising independence-enhancing measures.Surprisingly, not only non-professional investors but also auditors support the implementation of many instruments. Non-professional investors rate measures related to oversight, controls, and sanctions as particularly useful. Likewise, auditors perceive measures for oversight and control as helpful but rank most sanctions lower than non-professional investors. They also support a stricter civil liability and rank some direct independence-improving measures as highly useful. Overall, the participants perceive a greater need for improving the independence of public interest entity (PIE) auditors.This explorative study widens the research horizon by adding alternative measures for improving independence in appearance. Thus, researchers may identify promising avenues for future research. Also, the paper is of interest to regulators and potentially helps in setting independence standards. Auditors and audit committees can identify opportunities for taking voluntary actions to ensure factual and perceived auditor independence.

Video anomaly detection: A systematic review of issues and prospects

The increase in the deployment of surveillance camera in outdoor and indoor settings have resulted in a growing demand for intelligent systems that can accurately detect and recognize human actions as well as other entities of interest within the captured video data. Although, human action recognition is a well-established topic in computer vision, abnormal behaviour detection has recently received increased research attention. Several abnormal behaviour detection systems have been proposed over the years to ensure human safety. However, only a few comprehensive and systematic reviews report on the current state and future direction of video anomaly detection(VAD) research. This present effort aims to contribute a systematic and detailed review of current research and advances in the detection of anomalous actions and entities in videos. The review focuses on studies published between 2003 and 2023. During the literature selection process, 530 scholarly articles were identified and evaluated to showcase prevalent research trends, techniques, datasets, and frameworks within the realm of VAD This review aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of key areas of focus among researchers, provide resources for commonly used public datasets for evaluation and experimentation, and examine advancements and integration of network design to accommodate the needs for handling multimedia information. To sum up, this study highlights various potential opportunities and obstacles about the VAD domain.VAD has gained significant interest in recent years due to its potential applications in various domains such as security, surveillance, traffic monitoring, medical imaging among others. Areas of further research include, Anomaly detection in real-time, multi-camera anomaly detection, privacy preserving in VAD to mention a few. The study revealed some key trends and challenges in VAD that can guide future research direction.

Effectiveness of Audit Committee Features to Asymmetric Information with Audit Quality as Moderating

Purpose: The study aims to explore the effectiveness of audit committee features, such as the total members, meeting frequency, financial competence, and independence, as a determinant of asymmetric information with audit quality as moderating. Design/Method/Approach: We employed a regression model with panel data, analyzing 260 firm-year observations for entities whose shares traded on the Indonesia Stock Market from 2017 to 2021, all of which fall under the category of public interest entities. Findings: Our examination uncovered meeting frequency was statistically significant in reducing asymmetric information, and audit quality enhanced the interrelation of the meeting frequency, reducing asymmetric information. In contrast, our examination could not uncover any correlation between the total members, financial competence, and independence with asymmetric information. In addition, the study demonstrated no relationship between audit quality enhancing correlation between the total members, financial competence, and independence to mitigate asymmetric information. Theoretical Implications: The study supports agency and asymmetric information theories by demonstrating the significant role of oversight through frequent meetings in mitigating conflicts between agents and principals. This academic support enriches the existing literature and provides valuable insights for future research in the field. Practical Implications: Our findings suggest that the regular occurrence of dialogue between audit committees and management needs to be increased to provide better oversight and ultimately improve organizational performance, benefiting stakeholders and the board. Finally, our study implies the current regulations in Indonesia have not succeeded in encouraging the efficacy of audit committee monitoring through other features of audit committees as mandated by Indonesian regulation. Hence, regulatory breakthroughs by policymakers are essential to foster the performance of audit committees. Originality/Value: Our study provides a novel perspective on how audit committee features influence asymmetric information by providing insights by investigating the involvement of audit quality as a moderating factor. Research Limitations/Future Research: While our study may be limited in its applicability due to the constrained data sourced from the Indonesian Stock Market, the potential insufficiency of proxy variables in apprising audit committee efficacy, and the restricted use of control variables, addressing these constraints should be a focus of future studies to achieve a more comprehensive understanding. Paper Type: Empirical JEL Classification: G34, O16

“PUBLIC INTEREST CORPORATION” A PROPOSED LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR A SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENTITY IN MALAYSIA

Social entrepreneurship is one of the mechanisms to overcome social or community’s economic issues. In the United Kingdom, an interesting business entity known as community interest company (CIC) was introduced in 2005 to inculcate and promote social entrepreneurship among the people. CIC was introduced to address lack of vehicle to carry out non-charitable social enterprises. In CIC, the company’s assets are “locked” and could only be used for its social objectives.
 In Malaysia the community is generally family-knit and close-community. As such, having a business entity which is established for the purpose of the community interest would be a good and appropriate alternative business vehicle. This paper discuss the possibility of introducing a new “Public Interest Corporation (PIC)” in Malaysia which could be used to carry out business activities to gain profit but with a clear objective that profits of the business shall be used for the public interest. Discussion of this paper made special reference to the UK CIC as the model for the PIC. Research methodology adopted in this paper are statutory and doctrinal analysis.

A Rare Case Report of Lipoid Proteinosis with Distichiasis and Trichomegaly: An Interesting Entity

Lipoid proteinosis (LP) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by infiltration of periodic acid schiff (PAS)-positive diastase-resistant hyaline material in the skin, oral cavity, and larynx caused by a mutation in the extracellular matrix 1 gene. Clinically characterized by beaded eyelid papules, waxy papules, nodules, plaques, and acneiform pock-like scars over the face and body. We report a case of LP, with involvement of the skin, eyes, brain, oral mucosa, and larynx, histopathologically confirmed by PAS-positive and diastase-resistant deposition in the dermis. The patient showed good response in skin lesions and quality of speech with 6-month of therapy of acitretin 0.5 mg/kg/day and followed up for 1 year without recurrences. As there is no curative and specific therapy for LP, acitretin is a very useful drug in improving quality of life, speech, and cosmetic appearance.