Entire Command Research Articles

Application of SHE for Irrigation‐Command‐Area Studies in India

One of the key topics in irrigation engineering today is water management in irrigated command areas. This paper presents application of a comprehensive modeling approach based on the Système Hydrologique Européen (SHE), which allows an integrated modeling of all the relevant processes—overland flow, unsaturated zone flow, interception or evapotranspiration, ground‐water flow, and river‐channel flow to irrigation studies—at different scales ranging from a small plot to an entire command. Results of modeling studies the Barna command area in Madhya Pradesh, central India, are presented. The SHE simulated the advancing front of soil moisture as surface irrigation originated from the head end of a field, resulting in a nonuniform water distribution along the field. Furthermore, the effect of a shortage of water supply at the tail end of an irrigation canal was simulated. The study was carried out within the framework of an Indo‐European project cooperation resulting in the transfer of the SHE technology to the National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India.

Ecological studies in the Ukai command area

Abstract The present study was directed towards studying the impact of the Ukai-Kakrapar irrigation project on the ecology of the command area with particular reference to changes in cropping pattern and land degradation due to waterlogging/salinity. The data used were multitemporal (1972-1981) LANDSAT imagery of the entire command area, multitemporai colour infrared plus black-and-white aerial photography and multispectral scanner data over a test area of about 1200 km2 collected from November 1980 to February 1982. Land-use maps for the entire command area at 1:250 000 scale (LANDSAT) and land-use/cropping-pattern maps for the test area at 1:12 500 scale (aerial photography) have been prepared. The results indicate that due to the introduction of large-scale irrigation, the cropping pattern has changed and the acreage under heavy perennial crops such as sugar-cane and banana has increased beyond permissible limits resulting in a rapid rise in the water-table in the area. The areas delineated as waterlog...

Bereavement: Intervention Following an Accident Involving Multiple Deaths and no Survivors

Abstract : Accidents resulting in multiple deaths of service personnel involved in a military mission can cause the personnel of the parent command and their dependents to be stunned and in considerable distress. The bereavement that follows can be so severe that unit readiness is impaired. Mental health clinicians may be called upon to intervene in this situation. The objective of this paper was to devise an intervention plan that could be put into effect by clinicians and be comprehensive enough to involve the entire command and its dependents. A plan was devised that was divided into two phases: (1) evaluation and preparation, and (2) intervention. It was suggested that the first phase consist of meetings with key command personnel, formulating an understanding of the situation, identifying high-risk personnel and selecting members for a response team. The intervention phase was recommended to consist of structured meetings with one or more of the following groups: (1) the entire command, (2) small groups, (3) high-risk personnel, (4) non-functioning personnel, (5) upper command personnel, and (6) dependents.

Hood's Texas Brigade: Lee's Grenadier Guard (review)

BOOK REVIEWS259 Hood's Texas Brigade: Lee's Grenadier Guard. By Colonel Harold B. Simpson. (Waco: The Texian Press, 1970. Pp. 493. $10.00.) Texas was located a long way from the principal scenes of the Civil War, but Texans played an important role in the drama by sending some of its finest sons, natural and adopted, to fight in die big battles of the cast. Some went individually and selected dieir own area of service, but most went in the command known affectionately as Hood's Texas Brigade . John B. Hood, its temporary commander, was not a native of die state, but his name is permanently linked widi this fine fighting force. Few units, North or South, saw more combat or suffered greater losses. A shell of itself at war's end, die few who returned brought back enough pride for the entire command. The story of this brigade has been adequately and admirably told by Colonel Harold B. Simpson of die Confederate Research Center at Hillsboro , Texas. Although a Yankee, Colonel Simpson has put his heart and soul into the study of this brigade. Already he has published countless articles and a book, Hood's Texas Brigade In Poetry and Song, on die subject, and two more are projected. Physically, this is a big book, but its print is easily read and is comfortably large. Simpson's style is simple and clear, if a bit detailed, and he seems to be straining a bit during die opening chapters to fill out his narrative. But overall it is a fine addition to Civil War letters. Simpson accurately keeps his focus on the brigade itself, dealing with die glamorous Hood only when he is in actual command or closely affiliated with it. The stories and vignettes about the men, die day-to-day events of die war, and die hardships they endured, makes die war very real to a modern reader. Overgenerous footnoting takes away most of die tedium except for diose who wish it, and Simpson does not hesitate to point out the faults of die group, such as petty theft which he calls "foraging." In fact, he seems to glory in dieir proficiency in diis military "art." The book also has some very fine maps, and not die least of its attractive features is a striking cover design, a reproduction of John Adams Elder's "The Battle of the Crater." Hood's Texas Brigade will make a fine addition to any Civil War library . Archie P. McDonald Stephen F. Austin State University A Southern Record: The Story of the 3rd Louisiana Infantry, C. S. A. By Willie H. Tunnard. Edited by Edwin S. Bearss. (Dayton, O.: Morningside Bookshop, 1970. Pp. xx, 581. $15.00.) War History of the Old First Virginia Infantry Regiment, Army of Northern Virginia. By Charles T. Loehr. (Dayton, O.: Morningside Bookshop, 1970. Pp. vii, 87. $7.50.) ...

THE SERVICES OF THE MILITARY MENTAL HYGIENE UNIT

The experience of the mental hygiene unit has been one of progressive expansion and experiment. Methods and procedures have been developed and created under the pressure of new problems and a greatly increased case load. However, the areas of the unit's responsibilities, as defined by directives promulgated nearly two years ago, have remained fundamentally fixed. It is, of course, only one of the sections within the command whose ultimate purpose is to achieve the best possible utilization of man power assigned here for training. It is important to emphasize that a psychiatrist in the army is basically seen as another officer. It is neither sufficient nor possible to stand on one's professional or clinical experience, as may be possible in civilian life. It has been difficult to indicate sufficiently clearly in the body of this report the tremendous debt the unit owes to Brigadier General Edgar L. Clewell and to the line officers of his command. It would be evading the truth to deny that any such clinic must, quite properly, prove itself before being accepted or to deny, either, that there is a certain skepticism of professional ways of thinking and doing. Nevertheless, the mental hygiene unit has found only the most complete cooperation and what measure of success it can report is part of the success of the entire command. It does not mean that the clinic has been unchanged by the impact of the opinions of the command. Rather, there has been a mutual accommodation, based on a genuine desire to work for the army, which has even more important results in store for the future. The soldier referred to the unit for reclassification, but found to be a schizophrenic, is a spectacular case, it is true, in demonstrating the importance of having such a unit in an army setting. Of greater import, however, is the fact that of 1089 men seen by the unit in the seven months' period from June I to December 31, 1942, over 80 per cent were able to continue and complete their training in the replacement training center. This was primarily the result of the careful selectivity of the manifold services which the unit has to offer, both in its personnel and in the resources which it has found available in the army. Such a unit as is described in abbreviated form in this paper can function successfully only if it is an integral part of the command. That this working relation has been possible is due to the Commanding General's recognition of the need to give special consideration to the types of problems discussed in this report. The keynote of the unit's work has been the use of professionally trained workers, the psychiatric social worker, psychologist and psychiatrist functioning as a clinical team. Some of its methodologies are new to the work of a replacement training center. Many represent ways of meeting problems for which there were no other facilities. None of these methods contradicts or duplicates already established procedures. It is true however that the military psychiatrist and mental hygiene worker have had to adapt their functions in terms of new demands and a new setting, and that more changes will be necessary. Of particular importance has been the liaison provided with the replacement training center's total program in the original directive setting up the clinic. This coordination with all other sections is made possible through the officially defined character of its mission and has enabled the clinic to call upon the widest possible resources. This report is an outline of the structure and application of professional skills as they have been adapted toward the fulfillment of this replacement training center's mission. It is perhaps not too much to term it a small aspect of the entire democratic approach which has characterized the formation and training of the army. While the responsibility has been accepted for training the best possible soldiers in the best possible army, the rights and personality of the individual soldier have always been respected. Through the mental hygiene unit here described, it is believed that a foundation for service to thousands of American soldiers has been made.

SPECIAL TUBERCULOSIS EXAMINATIONS IN THE MILITARY SERVICE

It was my privilege from the middle of last July to the middle of January of this year, to participate in the examination for tuberculosis of various branches of our army, including 7,589 prospective officers at the two Plattsburg training camps, 6,081 Regulars at Fort Ethan Allen, Plattsburg and Camp Devens, and 4,167 drafted men of the National Army at Camp Devens, Ayer, Mass. Before taking up in detail our findings at the various camps, it might not be out of place to state a few lessons which practical experience taught us regarding the best method of procedure for the expeditious examination of so large a number of men. BEST METHOD OF PROCEDURE 1. The Personnel of the Examining Board. —If the number of men to be examined is not more than 5,000, three medical officers will be able to examine the lungs of the entire command within one month.