Entire Bag Research Articles

WHOLE-BAG (WATER) METHOD FOR DETERMINING WATER VAPOR TRANSMISSION RATE OF POLYETHYLENE FILMS

A simple method is described to obtain the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) for whole bags ofpolyethylene and other hydrophobic films. Candidate bags are sealed with 100 g water and then suspended in a controlledlow-humidity chamber above a saturated LiCl salt solution. Humidity inside the bag is uniformly maintained at 100%using paper wicks. Successive weighings at three to seven day intervals give WVTRs that are 90 to 95% accuratecompared to checks by Modern Controls, Minneapolis, Minnesota, using ASTM F372-94. Existing ASTM methods arecomparatively more expensive and complex or slower, less flexible and less accurate. The whole bag (water) method givesthe average WVTR for the entire bag surface rather than for a small sample piece and it can be determined at any desiredtemperature. An existing method also uses the entire bag surface, however, it requires a supply of air at constant relativehumidity and temperature, making it less adaptable for tests at various temperatures.

Photoanalysis of Fixation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses

OBJECTIVE: To analyse various posterior chamber intraocular lens (PC-IOL) fixation patterns by direct visualization through a uveo-sclera window. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental implantation of PC-IOLs and evaluation of fixation characteristics immediately postoperatively. SETTING: Side-view photography of PC-IOL fixation in an intact capsular bag, in the presence of radial tears, and after scleral suturing. PATIENTS: Human eyes obtained post mortem were prepared for side-view photography by removal of a uveo-scleral window, while preserving the entire capsular bag. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Optic and haptic (loop) location, uveal contact, centration, IOL tilt. RESULTS: Excellent centration and no uveal contact were achieved when both loops were located in-the-bag. Asymmetrical bag-sulcus fixation is prone to IOL decentration and tilt. Suturing into the ciliary region is most consistent when the needle exits at 1.0 mm posterior to the limbus. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal position is obtained with in-the-bag symmetrical fixation through an intact continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis.

Diagnostic Imaging in Surgery

This radiologist from Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, has hit on a good idea. He has written and extensively illustrated an encyclopedia of diagnostic surgical radiology that matches Schwartz' popular<i>Principles of Surgery</i>in its table of contents and format. Not by chance alone do the two books have the same publisher. Here, side by side with a standard surgical textbook, be it Schwartz, Sabiston, Hardy, or any other basic text, are the imaging tests that are used in diagnosis. Although profusely illustrated, it is not simply an atlas, for the author clearly indicates what he considers the proper sequencing of various imaging techniques and the test performance logic that lies behind such queuing. Needless to say, the radiologist's entire bag of tricks is represented in the book: plain films, tomograms, computed tomographic scans, ultrasound, radionuclide scans, arteriograms, magnetic resonance imaging, and so on—all the techniques that categorize these latter-day

Programs ‘CELESTE’ and ‘STELLA’ for computations in special relativity: Evaluation of the celestial view from an interstellar spacecraft

Real-time TIP is that X-ray security machine is scanning bag while projecting X-ray image of threat object into X-ray image of bag. When TIP starts, the front part of bag is only scanned. Threat object is very likely to be projected outside of bag. Therefore, we propose a real-time TIP model. This model contains a CNN-based classifier that can predict the size type of the entire bag through the front part of bag. After predicting the size type of the bag, X-ray image of the same type of threat object is projected into X-ray image of the latter part of bag. Moreover, we propose a mapping method, which can map the real-world size of bags in optical images to the size of bag in X-ray images. In addition, our model uses a novel fusion method to project the X-ray image of threat object into the X-ray image of bag.