Sports Enthusiasm Research Articles

Jakarta Asian Games Men's 20km Walking Championship and Runnerup Comparative Study of Technologies

As a competitive event in China, the walking race not only carries the task of vying for gold for the country in international large-scale events such as the Olympic Games and the World Championships, but also bears the responsibility to strengthen the people's physique and drive the people's enthusiasm for sports. It also reflects to a certain extent the important symbol of the development of a sports power into a sports power. Walking race is a technology-oriented endurance event. On the basis of good endurance, it is also subject to many rules and technical constraints, which also makes it difficult for athletes to obtain good results. With the development of competitive sports, men’s 20km race walking is very fierce nowadays. The rise of Japan can be said to pose a direct threat to our men’s 20km race walking. We can see that Japan’s grasp of the key technologies of walking race is very in place, focusing on technology Details play a key role in improving athletic performance. In this paper, a comparative study of Kaihua Wang and Toshikazu Yamanishi, men of 20 kilometers from the Asian Games in Jakarta, is conducted by means of literature data analysis, image analysis, mathematical statistics and comparative analysis. The research shows that Kaihua Wang has a relatively large stride when walking at high and low speeds, but Kaihua Wang has uneven steps on the left and right. Although Kaihua Wang has a greater distance between the back pedal and the forward swing than Shanxi, he has an uneven force on the left and right legs. It is stronger than Shanxi Lihe and balance ability; when swinging at high and low speeds, the amplitude of upper limb swing is small, and the left and right are not balanced; Toshikazu Yamanishi and Hou Yi phenomenon are larger than Kaihua Wang, and when landing, Kaihua Wang has a small landing angle on the left and a large undulation distance on the head when supporting on the left.

Application of Information Technology in College Physical Education

With the continuous development of science and technology, modern information technology has also made remarkable progress. Social civilization has completed the transformation to an information society. Information technology has been widely used in all walks of life. While bringing convenience to people’s lives, It has also changed people’s lifestyles and living conditions. Sports industry as an important part of society, the use of information-based teaching methods in college physical education is an inevitable trend. Based on this, this article conducts research on the application of information technology in college physical education. This paper conducts research through a combination of literature review method and experimental comparison method. By consulting relevant domestic and foreign materials, it summarizes the information technology in college physical education. The application methods and strategies mainly include: use of information technology to stimulate sports enthusiasm accounts for about 21.3%, use of information technology to develop thinking ability accounts for about 15.6%, use of information technology to break through the difficulty of action accounts for about 8.6%, improve the teaching level of professional teachers and Professional literacy accounted for 16.3%, innovative teaching models, production of micro-class videos accounted for approximately 22.1%, construction of online platforms, implementation of online interactions accounted for approximately 7.6%, and establishment of information-based teaching evaluation system accounted for approximately 8.5%. The feasibility of the application of information technology in college physical education. So as to provide a reference for the reform of college physical education in China.

Based on Analytic Hierarchy Process Community Square Fitness Game and Improved Research

Community square body-building activities are the basic motivation of sports spreading in thewhole country and an important part of gymnastic industry. With lots of sports fans being there,community squares are very convenient and the first choice of sporting activities for people.Meanwhile, the spreading of community square body-building activities also contributes to thedissemination of sports among people. This text has made the game analysis and improvementstudy in community square body-building activities through the angle of people groups involvedin community square body-building activities and begins the paper by analyzing severalcommon community activities. First, the Discriminant Analysis Method is used to analyze thedegree of participation and satisfaction of people in different age groups in football, basketball,badminton, rope skipping, shuttlecock kicking, social dance, square dance and Taijiquan. It alsoraises that teenagers have passion for the community square body-building activities likefootball, basketball, badminton, rope skipping and shuttlecock kicking, etc. Second, theAnalytic Hierarchy is taken to study the square sporting activities that are suitable for teenagersand middle-aged people through comparing priorities. Then, the conclusion is: in order to raiseteenagers’ enthusiasm for sports and encourage more middle-aged and elderly people to dosports, sporting facilities should be improved. We also should build small football courts,basketball courts and put some new activities like rope skipping, shuttlecock kicking, etc. intothe ranks of sports.

Evaluation of Adjustable Loop Suspensory Anterior Cruciate Ligament Fixation Devices

Abstract Along with increasing enthusiasm for sports comes an increase of sport related injuries. One of the most common injuries in the human knee is the tear of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). The selection of a graft fixation device is an important factor that determines the outcome of an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Before the healing process is completed, the graft is dependent on tibial and femoral fixation devices to maintain normal ACL graft tension. Among various devices, the use of an adjustable loop suspensory fixation device (ALD) in soft-tissue graft reconstruction attracts current interest. An advantage of the ALD is the ability to draw the graft to the depth of the bone tunnel to achieve adequate graft tension while minimizing the empty space in the tunnel. In this study a comprehensive controlled laboratory investigation is performed to examine the biomechanical properties of commonly used cortical fixation devices, with the aim of implementing a standard testing procedure for adjustable loop devices. The procedure consists of three test series, a loop shortening test and two different stability test series (singe device and tendon device test). Those test series are used to compare the performance of a new ALD from Arthrex (Naples, USA) with five competitor devices already on the market. In order to obtain representative results eight samples of each device are tested. In comparison to the previously performed studies, a complete unloading is applied in the stability tests, which allows for a detailed examination of the ALDs locking mechanisms in dynamically loaded test situations. Furthermore, the performed loop shortening tests reveal important aspects, such as the shortening accuracy and settling effects of the loops, that are not found in previous studies. Therefore, the used test protocol can be recommended for further testing.

스포츠클럽활동 참가 여중생들의 스포츠우정, 스포츠열정, 스포츠자신감 및 학교적응 간의 관계모형 검증

본 연구는 스포츠클럽활동 참가 여중생들의 스포츠우정, 스포츠열정, 스포츠자신감 및 학교적응 간의 관계를 검증하였다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 충북 소재 중학교에서 시행되는 스포츠클럽 참가학생들을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였다. 자료 수집은 스포츠클럽에 참가하는 여중생 290명에게 설문지를 배포하였고, 자료분석은 최종적으로 269명의 자료를 사용하였다. SPSS 25.0을 이용, 빈도분석과 신뢰도, 상관관계분석을 실시하였으며, AMOS 25.0을 이용하여 Anderson & Gerbing(1988)이 제안한 2단계 접근법(two-step approach)을 적용하여 확인적 요인분석과 연구 모형 검증을 위한 구조방정식모형분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스포츠클럽활동 참가 여중생들의 스포츠우정, 스포츠열정, 스포츠자신감 및 학교적응 간의 관계를 검증하는데 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 스포츠클럽활동 참가 여중생들의 스포츠우정은 스포츠열정, 스포츠자신감과 학교적응에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 스포츠열정은 스포츠자신감에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 스포츠자신감은 학교적응에 정적영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 연구결과를 종합해보면, 스포츠클럽활동 참가 여중생들의 스포츠우정은 스포츠열정과 스포츠자신감, 그리고 학교적응에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지만, 스포츠열정과 스포츠자신감 간의 관계에서 매개 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말해 학교적응을 위해 스포츠 활동을 통한 서로 간의 우정은 자연스레 스포츠에 대한 열정이 높아져 결과적으로 이러한 열정을 통해 스포츠의 자신감을 얻는 것이 중요하다고 할 수 있다.

Investigating social media consumption, sports enthusiasm, and gender on sponsorship outcomes in the context of Rio Olympics

PurposeUsing the context of Rio Olympic games, the purpose of this paper is to investigate attitude toward sponsorship outcome as it relates to purchase behavior, gender, sponsor patronage, sports enthusiasm, and social media consumption.Design/methodology/approachData were collected using an online survey of 265 participants. Questions regarding demographics, viewing habits, sports participation, enthusiasm, attitude toward Olympic events were included in the survey. The four sub-scales were sponsorship attitude, sponsor patronage, social media consumption, and sports enthusiasm.FindingsThe findings of the study showed that social media consumption is positively related to attitude toward event and sports patronage. There was a significant gender difference on attitude toward event, social media consumption, and sports enthusiasm. Predictors for making a purchase as a result of seeing a social media advertisement were gender, playing competitive sport, and social media consumption.Practical implicationsThis study will add to the body of academic and practitioner research on sponsorship outcomes, and provides an opportunity for marketers to leverage social media networks for sponsorship communication.Originality/valueAs the use of social media networks has increased over the past few years, no previous study has investigated association of sports enthusiasm, gender, or social media consumption toward sponsor patronage which relates to consumers seeking out sponsors and being influenced to make a purchase as a result of marketing communication of sponsors.

Sports psychiatry: mental health and mental disorders in athletes and exercise treatment of mental disorders.

Sports psychiatry has developed for the past 3 decades as an emerging field within psychiatry and sports medicine. An International society has been established in 1994 and also national interest groups were implemented, mostly within the national organizations for psychiatry, some also containing the topic of exercise treatment of mental disorders. Where are we now 30years later? We systematically but also selectively review the medical literature on exercise, sport, psychiatry, mental health and mental disorders and related topics. The number of publications in the field has increased exponentially. Most topics keep remaining on the agenda, e.g., head trauma and concussion, drug abuse and doping, performance enhancement, overtraining, ADHD or eating disorders. Supported by the growing literature, evidence-based recommendations have become available now in many clinical areas. A relatively new phenomenon is muscle dysmorphia, observed in weightlifters, bodybuilders but also in college students and gym users. Further, sports therapy of mental disorders has been studied by more and more high-quality randomized controlled clinical trials. Mostly as a complementary treatment, however, for some disorders already with a 1a evidence level, e.g., depression, dementia or MCI but also post-traumatic stress disorder. Being grown up and accepted nowadays, sports psychiatry still represents a fast-developing field. The reverse side of the coin, sport therapy of mental disorders has received a scientific basis now. Who else than sports psychiatry could advance sport therapy of mental disorders? We need this enthusiasm for sports and psychiatry for our patients with mental disorders and it is time now for a broadening of the scope. Optimized psychiatric prevention and treatment of athletes and ideal sport-related support for individuals with mental disorders should be our main purpose and goal.

"I'm Not a Fan. I'm a Journalist": Measuring American Sports Journalists' Sports Enthusiasm

"I'm Not a Fan. I'm a Journalist": Measuring American Sports Journalists' Sports Enthusiasm

Role of Media in the Popularization of Physique Education in Higher School

With the rise and development of various media, more and more people have become the audience affected by the media. The influence of media on people’s life is more and more extensive, especially for young people, the influence is more profound and lasting. At present, the multimedia technology has been applied to the vast majority of college teaching, but the application in the teaching of physical education is still in the exploration and practice stage. This paper analyzes the significance of multimedia technology applied in college sports teaching from different aspects, and it believes that the application of multimedia technology in college sports teaching not only helps to improve teaching quality and cultivate students interested in sports, but also improve teachers’ occupation accomplishment. We should use the influential of media platform, to arouse public concern on the situation of college sports, to improve the students’ enthusiasm for sports, and promote the college sports education and the healthy development of Chinese adolescents.

Physical Fitness, the Military and the University: The Case of Wilhelm Paulcke, 1880s–1930s

After 1900 several European armies established, reorganized, or strengthened troops specialized in mountain and winter warfare. There were no military experts in this type of innovative warfare yet; thus experts from recently founded sports organizations (e.g. DSV, German Ski Federation) were commanded or offered themselves for transfer of specific knowledge into the military. In the case of the German Wilhelm Paulcke, this close cooperation between sport organizations and new military requirements is an exemplary case, organizationally militarizing the DSV for the needs of ‘Schneeschuhtruppen’ as well as transferring sports knowledge into the military. Back at the Technical University of Karlsruhe, Paulke, as president, stressed the importance of sport for all higher education students. He introduced a booklet, where the performance in different sports had to be signed by the Physical Education (PE) teacher. PE became obligatory for every student, no matter what subject he studied, and was a prerequisite to register for the exam. The development was a joint project energized by Germany’s traumatic defeat in the First World War, Paulckes military experience and aims, his scientific alpinism, and, last but not least, a specific and common enthusiasm for sports.

An Empirical Analysis of Purchase Behaviour for Football Ancillaries: An Emerging Market Perspective

Marketers in the modern times are increasingly viewing globalization of the sports market as a huge opportunity to enter unchartered territories by riding on the popularity of a game. The enduring motivation of the sports consumers to connect with their favourite sport comes with an advantage for marketers who can create stronger product/brand associations with the sport. Researches establishing the relationship between the sports fanship and related consumption reinforce the belief. The present study in an exploratory attempt to understand the impact of sports enthusiasm and related consumption in the context of an emerging market uses a mixed method approach with qualitative focus group discussion and a quantitative analysis of the dataset of 226 actual buyers of football ancillary from the National Capital Region of Delhi in India. Consequently, a factor analysis of the key motivators for football ancillaries buying behaviour identified three drivers; namely, social approval, individual passion and utilitarian motivation, for the urban Indian sports enthusiasts. Further, segment-wise product decisions and purchase decisions were reported along with the relative importance of purchasing football ancillaries. The significant influence of football connectedness among urban Indian consumers despite cricket being the most followed sport added a whole new dimension to the study of sports market consumers in the emerging Indian market giving directions for future research and marketing practices in the domain.

The Rookie Bookie by L. Jon Wertheim (review)

Reviewed by: The Rookie Bookie by L. Jon Wertheim Elizabeth Bush Wertheim, L. Jon The Rookie Bookie; by L. Jon Wertheim and Tobias Moskowitz; illus. by Neil Swaab. Little, 2014 262p Trade ed. ISBN 978-0-316-24981-2 $17.00 E-book ed. ISBN 978-0-316-24976-8 $9.99 Ad Gr. 4–7 Mitch Sloan’s parents, a potter and painter, lose their California business and move to Indiana, and Mitch faces the age-old problem of establishing himself socially in a new seventh grade. Things get off to a surprisingly good start when he meets Jamie, a girl who shares his enthusiasm for sports and joins in on his scheme to make quick bucks by managing bets among a few classmates on a Colts game. In no time Mitch’s locker is surrounded by kids as he hands out the week’s winnings and pockets his share of the cash. Some alert adults shut down the bookie business, though, and it looks like Mitch has lost his one true friend, never established a friendship with any of his “clients,” and worst of all, hasn’t really caught on to why taking “harmless” bets should have everybody’s knickers in a twist. Eventually, he finds a better outlet for his business acumen in helping his parents set their gallery straight, and all is right with the world. Not that readers are likely to notice, but this novel is peppered with observations and theories drawn from the authors’ adult work Scorecasting: The Hidden Influences Behind How Sports Are Played and Games Are Won that often amount to little more than aphorisms shoehorned in at appropriate moments. Once Mitch’s older brother Kevin breaks through with some candid talk on why making money isn’t the problem here—ripping off your would-be friends is—the authors’ adult and kid messages finally begin to fuse. Most readers will recognize Mitch’s archetype—the nerdy kid who tries a little to hard— among their classmates and admit that what he lacks in social skills he makes up for in chutzpah. [End Page 282] Copyright © 2015 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois

From Clothing for Sport to Sportswear and the American Style: The Movies Carried the Message, 1912–1940

When I hear the words ‘fashion’ and ‘sport’ together, what immediately comes to mind is sportswear — that casual collection of menswear-styled separates that the world now lives in. The history of its development as the essence of American Style covered some thirty to forty years. These were the same years that American movies were taking over the imagination of the world. In my opinion, this was not a coincidence. The movies are unique in the twentieth century for being both an unparalleled reflection of and influence on who we are at any given moment. Sportswear, as the foundation of American Style, developed hand in hand with the growing influence of American movies. Movies, in fact, carried this new look almost instantaneously to the rest of the world, creating a demand that few acknowledged or even realized at the time. As we will see, many influences came together to create this twentieth- century phenomenon. It all began with women's enthusiasm for sport in the mid-nineteenth century.

Sports Enthusiasm and Korean Society

Sports Enthusiasm and Korean Society

Arena and Pall Mall: Sport in the Early Modern Period

This article argues that the early modern period in Europe from c. 1450 to 1850 should be not seen merely as an independent era in the history of sport but rather as the formative period of modern sports. This is due to the high levels of institutionalization and standardization sports underwent in Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and England among other countries. In arguing this point, the article examines a number of topical examples: the codification of sports in rule books; the role of sports in educational programmes and humanist schools; sports architecture such as ball houses and pall malls; sporting goods such as palloni and racchette and their pan-European trade; the sports enthusiasm of early modern princes; the professionalization of sports through coaches, referees, professional athletes, competitions and prizes, and the beginnings of sports reporting; and pre-Coubertinian attempts at reviving the classical Olympic Games such as the Cotswold Games of Robert Dover from the early seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries.

Artist of Wonderland: The Life, Political Cartoons, and Illustrations of Tenniel (review)

Best known today as the illustrator for Lewis Carroll's 'Alice' books, John Tenniel was the Victorian era's chief political cartoonist. This extensively illustrated book is the first to draw almost exclusively on primary sources in family collections, public archives, and other depositories. Frankie Morris examines Tenniel's life and work, producing a book that is not only a definitive resource for scholars and collectors but one that can be easily enjoyed by everyone interested in Victorian life and art, social history, journalism and political cartoons, and illustrated books. In the first part of the book, Morris looks at Tenniel the man. From his sunny childhood and early enthusiasm for sports, theater, and medievalism to his flirtation with high art and fifty years in the close brotherhood of the London journal Punch, Tenniel is shown to have been the sociable and urbane humorist revealed in his drawings. Tenniel's countrymen thought his work would embody for future historians the "trend and character" of Victorian thought and life. Morris assesses to what extent that prediction has been fulfilled. The biography is followed by three parts on Tenniel's work, consisting of thirteen independent essays in which the author examines Tenniel's methods and his earlier book illustrations, the Alice pictures, and the Punch cartoons. She addresses such little-understood subjects as Tenniel's drawings on wood, his relationship with Lewis Carroll, and his controversial Irish cartoons, and inquires into the salient characteristics of his approximately 4,500 drawings for books and journals. For lovers of Alice, Morris offers six chapters on Tenniel's work for Carroll. These reveal demonstrable links with Christmas pantomimes, Punch and Judy shows, nursery toys, magic lanterns, nineteenth-century grotesques, Gothic revivalism, and social caricatures. In five probing studies, Morris demonstrates how Tenniel's cartoons depicted the key political questions of his day - from the Eastern Question to Lincoln and the American Civil War - examining their assumptions, devices, and evolving strategies. The definitive study of both the man and the work, "Artist of Wonderland" gives an unprecedented view of the cartoonist who mythologized the world for generations of Britons.

Sports for All (SFA) Strategies: An Integrated 21st Century Model of Leisure, Sports and Health in Guangzhou, China

The rapid economic growth in China not only has improved people's living standard but changed their way of living as well. The adoption of the National Fitness Program (NFP) in 1995 transformed the government's focus from elite sport to grassroots sport activity. The program aims to improve the health and well-being of the people nationwide by implementing diverse Sports For All (SFA) strategies. Guangzhou is the third biggest city in China. Its economic prosperity, well-developed infrastructure, and residents' traditional enthusiasm for sport are all advantages to promote mass sport. Guangzhou SFA strategies include: 1) developing sport facilities; 2) providing diverse sport activities; 3) establishing a service delivering system; 4) evaluating citizens' physical fitness. The mission of the city is to become a leisure, sports and health center in China as well as a historic, culturally famed city. The future direction of the Guangzhou SFA is to create an integrated model of leisure, sports, and health to meet people's growing need for personal well-being and a higher quality of life.

Artist of Wonderland: the life, political cartoons, and illustrations of Tenniel

Best known today as the illustrator for Lewis Carroll's 'Alice' books, John Tenniel was the Victorian era's chief political cartoonist. This extensively illustrated book is the first to draw almost exclusively on primary sources in family collections, public archives, and other depositories. Frankie Morris examines Tenniel's life and work, producing a book that is not only a definitive resource for scholars and collectors but one that can be easily enjoyed by everyone interested in Victorian life and art, social history, journalism and political cartoons, and illustrated books. In the first part of the book, Morris looks at Tenniel the man. From his sunny childhood and early enthusiasm for sports, theater, and medievalism to his flirtation with high art and fifty years in the close brotherhood of the London journal Punch, Tenniel is shown to have been the sociable and urbane humorist revealed in his drawings. Tenniel's countrymen thought his work would embody for future historians the trend and character of Victorian thought and life. Morris assesses to what extent that prediction has been fulfilled. The biography is followed by three parts on Tenniel's work, consisting of thirteen independent essays in which the author examines Tenniel's methods and his earlier book illustrations, the Alice pictures, and the Punch cartoons. She addresses such little-understood subjects as Tenniel's drawings on wood, his relationship with Lewis Carroll, and his controversial Irish cartoons, and inquires into the salient characteristics of his approximately 4,500 drawings for books and journals. For lovers of Alice, Morris offers six chapters on Tenniel's work for Carroll. These reveal demonstrable links with Christmas pantomimes, Punch and Judy shows, nursery toys, magic lanterns, nineteenth-century grotesques, Gothic revivalism, and social caricatures. In five probing studies, Morris demonstrates how Tenniel's cartoons depicted the key political questions of his day - from the Eastern Question to Lincoln and the American Civil War - examining their assumptions, devices, and evolving strategies. The definitive study of both the man and the work, Artist of Wonderland gives an unprecedented view of the cartoonist who mythologized the world for generations of Britons.

The end of an idyll? Sport and society in France, 1998-2002

This article considers developments in French sport in the period 1998-2002, with particular emphasis on the social representation of performances by the nation's elite athletes in international competitions. It opens with the victory of the home side in the France 98 football World Cup and closes with the defeat of the national team in the 2002 edition of that same competition. The various attempts made both before and after France 98 to use sport as a means of promoting social inclusion and national solidarity, particularly as regards hitherto alienated young males from ethnic minorities (especially those of North African origin), are considered against this background. In order to place such developments in context, attention is also given to changes in patterns of sports participation and spending among the general French population. The article concludes with a brief survey of some recent intellectual critiques of this newfound national enthusiasm for sports.

Bed and Sofa: The Film Companion by Julian s> Graffy (review)

REVIEWS I15 Leidermanand Lipovetskiiareto be congratulatedon producinga valuable resource, undoubtedly the most helpful teaching aid for the period yet available in this number of words. It is to be hoped that future editions will include a bibliography and an index extending to the writers' names and major subjects. Magdalen College, Oxford JENNIFER BAINES Graffy,Julian. BedandSofa.TheFilmCompanion. KINOfiles Film Companion, 5. I. B. Tauris, London and New York, 2001. X + I25 pp. Illustrations. Notes. FurtherReading. ?I 2.99 (paperback). ABRAM RooM'sslow-burningBedandSofa(I927) is a filmthat, on many levels, defiescategorization.The closestone can come to compartmentalizingit is to refer to it as a 'social problem' film, although as such it is well ahead of its time;more significantly,it boldlyrefusesthe fixityof the logical chain of causeeffect -remedythat characterizesthe genre its pleasureslie, if anywhere, in doubt and uncertainty. The story of a love triangle that finally rupturesas the heroine, Liudmila, leaves Moscow (and whatJudith Mayne has suggested is 'the real couple' of herhusbandKolia andhisold friendVolodia)forsome unspecifieddestination figured,if at all, ratherambivalentlyas motherhood, BedandSofamay be read in termsof eitherof two initialimages of dynamismthat imprintthemselvesin a delicate interaction acrossthe remainderof the film, and way beyond. The first, most immediate and most immediately recognizable, is that of a train. Speeding acrossthe Soviet countrysideand bearing the interloperVolodia on his journey to the capital, the opening image of the train condenses the archetypal figure of modernity, mechanization and progress, with a selfconfident knowledge of origins and destinationsas fixed spatialand temporal co-ordinates. The extent to which this motif is decentred in the course of the film until, by the end (and this time with Liudmilaas the passenger),it finally runsaway and leaves the spectatorstanding,has implicationsnot only for the Soviet state socialism it ostensibly embodies, but also for any critical project that may set itselfthe taskof 'explanation'pure and simple. Julian Graffy's contribution to the already impressive KINOfiles series from Tauris, however, is structuredmore thoughtfully around a homology with the second image that of the rippleswhich spread outwardsacross a puddle into which Volodia, upon his arrivalin Moscow, kicks a stone. This method, recently deployed to great effect in Graffy'smonograph on Gogol"s Shinel',involves maintaining a tight focus on individualdetails,whilst skilfully illuminatingboth the genealogy and the subsequentechoes and resonancesof each across Russian, Soviet and Western culture and society. To an extent, Graffyis only following the KINOfiles production/context/reception rubric, but one really senses that here he is truly in his element. The firstchapter's notes on the pre-history of cast and crew are nothing if not comprehensive, but do little to prepare the reader for the sheer wealth of scrupulously documented research contained in the ensuing painstakinganalyses of both the filmand its criticalhistory. i I6 SEER, 8 i, I, 2003 Insisting on the notion that context is everything is a particularlyfruitful approach when dealing with BedandSofa,since it interacts on an unusually large number of levels with the society and culture from which it emerged. What is particularlygratifyingabout this studyis its sensitivityto the fact that this society and culture was anything but fixed. Graffy draws on both the movie's and his own astonishinglybroad framesof culturalreference from the love triangle that haunts Chernyshevskii'sChtodelat'(pp. I7-I8) to the exploration of male homosocial desire as mediated through 'a shared enthusiasmfor sport'in Smith and England'srecent playAnEvening withGarg Lineker (p. 57) to unravel the diversity of inflections condensed in the various intertwining aspects and themes of the film: its cinematography;its portrayalof interpersonalrelationships;even its deployment of culturallyand sociologically over-determinedartefacts.The film and its companion booklet are thus located not as originatorysourcesof an easily identifiable'meaning', but as well informed and hugely informative contributions to a series of ongoing dialogues on a wide range of issues of topical (non-)debate, making their points without recourse to idealization, sentimentalism or, as Graffy indicates, the offering of 'pat solutions, either social or behavioural, for intractableproblems'(p. ii 7). Question marks still hang over Bed andSofa,a film that was specifically intended to provoke, ratherthan to end debate. If, after a lengthy period of submergence,thisgem from I927 isonce againmakingwaves, it issurelyin no small part due precisely to its refusalof the...