Russian Enterprises Research Articles

Methodological aspects of the statistical analysis of entrepreneurial confidence in the sectors of the Russian economy

The article examines the sources of information on the entrepreneurial confidence of organizations and consumer expectations of the population collected by Rosstat. The features of programmatic, methodological and organizational issues of monitoring the conjuncture and business activity of organizations and consumer behavior of the population are summarized. The limitations of the statistical analysis of non-quantitative information (balances of evaluation of indicators as a difference in the frequency of responses) of marketoriented sample surveys are formulated. The dynamics and seasonality of the index of entrepreneurial confidence of enterprises extracting minerals, engaged in manufacturing, providing electric energy, gas and steam, air conditioning, construction, retail trade, services, and the index of consumer confidence of the Russian population for 2022-2024 are analyzed. The degree of influence of the components of the index of entrepreneurial (consumer) confidence in Russia on its dynamics for 2018-2024 was measured. The factors limiting the activities of Russian enterprises and organizations were analyzed, stable and unstable among them were identified, and structural shifts in respondents' responses about the impact of these factors for 2020-2024 were also assessed.

Studying strategic behaviour of small industrial enterprises in the context of the organizational and industry life cycle concepts

Unlike large corporations whose business patterns have been extensively studied and categorized, there is a lack of research on small business strategies, leaving them largely unexplored. The article explores the strategic behaviour of small industrial enterprises in Russia within the organizational and industry life cycle concept. The research methodology is based on strategic management theory and the concept of the life cycle. The research methods include panel data analysis, the Beta coef f icient calculation, and the matrix method. The information base is the reporting data of 134 small enterprises from industries at different stages of the life cycle: metal casting (growth) and newspaper printing (maturity). Statistics for analysis were obtained from the SPARK Interfax database for the period of 1999–2021. We identified three types of strategic behaviour (‘aggressive’, ‘de fender’, and ‘counterstrategy’) and assessed their prevalence among small enterprises in the two industries under consideration. The results showed that mature small enterprises with an ‘aggressive’ intuitively strategic behaviour are the predominant type of business in a mature industry, while for small enterprises in a growing industry ‘defender’ and ‘counterstrategy’ are the prevalent strategies at all the life cycle stages. This paradox additionally proves the validity of our idea of the intuitively strategic behaviour of small businesses. Our findings contribute to the development of the SME life cycle theory and strategic management, can be used to adjust industry policy and government support measures, and can also be of interest to managers of small enterprises.

The Rational Regional Schedule of Preventive Vaccinations

Relevance. The National vaccination schedule (NVS) of the Russian Federation includes 12 infections against 17–18 indicated in the Vaccination Schedules of most EU countries, and requires improvement in terms of expanding the number of infections and contingents subject to immunization, which is reflected in the «Strategy for the development of vaccine prevention of infectious diseases for the period up to 2035» and the roadmap for its implementation. Since the process of entry of new infections and new vaccines into NVS is quite «difficult» and economically costly (development of domestic vaccines, modernization of domestic enterprises, localization of production of foreign vaccines at Russian enterprises, formation of commitment of medical workers and public confidence in new immunobiological medicines), part of the tasks is to ensure public accessibility to vaccine prevention of infections not indicated in the The NVS can be successfully solved within the framework of regional vaccination schedules (RVS).Aims. To propose and interpret the concept of rational regional vaccination schedules, and also to outline the principles of its formation and assessment of the immediate and long-term prospects for the development of regional foundations of vaccination prevention.Results and discussion. RVS is an expanded version of NVS by including additional vaccine-controlled infections, taking into account the epidemic situation and the presence of high-risk groups of infection in the region. In modern conditions, RVS have been developed and are effectively used in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation, such as Moscow, Perm Krai, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen Regions, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, etc. The implementation of vaccine prophylaxis in the regions using this tool provides conditions for equal access of children and adults to modern highly effective vaccines, increases public awareness of the benefits and risks of vaccination and the level of population immunity, contributes to improving mechanisms for providing citizens with immunobiological drugs and the formation of epidemic well-being in the region based on a risk-based approach.Conclusions. In accordance with this paradigm, the authors introduce and interpret the concept of an «Rational regional vaccination schedules», define the basic principles of its formation and assess the short- and long-term prospects for the development of the regional foundations of vaccination.

НЕМАТЕРИАЛЬНЫЕ СТИМУЛЫ И МОТИВАЦИЯ РАБОТНИКОВ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЙ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

In today’s dynamic economy, when global processes and digitalization are radically changing the conditions of enterprises, the problem of employee incentives comes to the fore. The desire to increase productivity and retain key personnel is of particular importance for management and HR professionals who are looking for mechanisms to strengthen the incentives of their teams. Within the framework of the aspects developed in this article, the subject of analysis is the relationship between employee motivation and changes in generally accepted value orientations caused by universal transformations such as globalization. The influence of various factors, including the amount of remuneration, the quality of the work environment, career opportunities, as well as the degree of attention provided by management, on the degree of motivation of employees is documented in this study, with special emphasis on their role in increasing or decreasing active participation and productivity of staff. The questions of how modern theoretical approaches to motivation correlate with the practice of business organizations are also raised. For the teams of enterprises operating in the changing environment of modernity, the author offers unique strategic guidelines that allow optimizing internal motivation. Workshops based on relevant research designed to increase employee engagement and dedication are described taking into account the global challenges of today. Subject of the study — determining the degree of influence of non-material motivation and incentive tools for employees of enterprises in Russia. Scientific novelty and conclusions: The conducted research confirms the hypothesis that the stimulating aspect of an intangible nature has a significant impact on the performance of employees. This influence is reflected in increased productivity due to better discipline, an increased degree of satisfaction from performing work duties and, as a result, in reducing staff fluctuations. The effects of non-material labor stimulation are becoming significant factors in strengthening corporate culture and creating a favorable climate within organizations. Area of application: The results of the study may be useful for organizations with increased staff turnover and limited payroll. The practical value of labor market research in the aging phase of workers with an emphasis on the analysis of theories, concepts and models of active longevity may lie in rethinking personnel management strategies, improving employment policies and creating intergenerational interaction programs.

PECULIARITIES OF PERSONNEL SHORTAGE IN RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES

Today, the phenomenon of personnel shortage is becoming a reality, affecting both employers and job seekers, which poses, in particular, the former questions: how can we preserve our human capital and how can we increase it in the current conditions? The authors of the article conducted a study of the features of the aggravated personnel shortage at Russian enterprises, the goal is to highlight the features of the personnel shortage at Russian enterprises and, on their basis, formulate a number of recommended measures. Based on the analysis, the authors identified the following features of the personnel shortage at Russian enterprises: record low unemployment, challenges of informatization, regional imbalance in personnel provision, double personnel shortage, qualification imbalance and increased material incentives in the struggle for personnel. Based on the conducted study, the following recommendations are offered to companies, thanks to which the latter will be able to preserve and gain a foothold in the economy of the “new era”: the formation of a corporate training system, digitalization of production processes, development of a motivation system “from A to Z”.

Information System Concept Implementing Single Design and Production Space Between Vessel Life Cycle Participants

The disadvantages in the enterprises interaction and the transition of documentation between the vessel (offshore object) life cycle stages within existing systems in electronic form has been analyzed. Based on this the authors developed the concept of an unified information system implementation algorithm in a general form. The investigation object is the data movement process, which includes: design documentation at the design stage, working design documentation at the development stage, technological processes at the stage of manufacturing components and building marine equipment samples, as well as operational documentation. The investigation subject is a system being developed that provides all the necessary functions for the data movement during the participants (enterprises) interaction at all life cycle stages. The investigation purpose is to develop a new unified information system with the exception of existing disadvantages in the implementation and use of analogues at Russian enterprises. This system will implement a unified design and production space between life cycle participants, using organizational and economic mechanisms, which will significantly reduce the project implementation time, carry out open monitoring of everything process for the designer, the construction plant and the customer himself, thanks to the integration of data from all product life cycle stages on a unified information platform. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the creation of such a system will eliminate the proliferation of data records copies, as is the case with a “paper” management organization. Simultaneous access of many users to the same data will simplify maintaining the data relevance. Unification of data collection and storage formats will allow the formation data suitable for automated processing using a specific algorithm. The presence of a unified database will reduce the time of information analysis. Automation of routine operations will reduce the labor costs of performers. Ways are proposed for the formation of organizational and economic mechanisms that contribute to the selected methods implementation effectiveness in the implementation of design and production activities.

СУЩНОСТЬ УПРАВЛЕНЧЕСКОГО УЧЕТА И ЕГО МЕСТО В ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ

The purpose of this article is to study the importance of management accounting in the economic activity of Russian enterprises. In particular, the purpose of the study is to study how these organizations apply the principles and methods of management accounting. Several tasks have been set to achieve this goal: 1. To collect relevant theoretical information from scientific articles written by experts in this field, including Babaeva Z. Sh., Tsyganov V. V., Chupeeva O. V. and others. 2. Analyze the collected data and draw conclusions about the role of management accounting in the company's business activities. 3. To study the practical data on the activities of PJSC Imperial Tula Arms Plant in order to get a deeper understanding of how management accounting works in real conditions. By solving these tasks, we strive to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the importance of management accounting in Russian organizations and its impact on their financial performance. To achieve this task, we will conduct a detailed analysis of the interaction of management accounting with various functional areas of the organization, based on both theoretical research and empirical data obtained during the study of the activities of PJSC Imperial Tula Arms Plant. The study will consider various interpretations of the concept of "management accounting", as well as possible difficulties encountered in integrating management and accounting processes.

The impact of capital structure on the performance of companies in Russia

Subject. This article examines the relationship between the capital structure and the performance of companies in Russia. Objectives. The article aims to identify and analyze of the nature of the capital structure impact on the operational efficiency of enterprises in Russia for 2020–2022. Methods. For the study, we used a panel regression equation. Results. Using the panel regression method, we tested the hypothesis that an increase in the debt level leads to a decrease in the company's performance. The results of the study refute the hypothesis that an increase in the debt level has a positive effect on the company's performance in the subsequent period. Conclusions and Relevance. The conclusions of this study coincide with the results in developed capital markets and are also consistent with the conclusions obtained in the Egyptian market. At a low level, debt can play a constructive role in performance improving, providing companies with additional resources to invest in development and therefore, increasing their competitiveness. The results of the study can be used to predict and determine the capital structure, which is important for the top management of Russian companies, members of the board of directors, financial analysts and other stakeholders.

Digital twins as a tool for shaping the business environment of modern organizations

Subject. The article is devoted to the technology of digital twins as a tool for the formation of the business environment of modern organizations. Objectives. The aim is to show the need to improve the quality of business environment of modern organizations and improve the efficiency of business process management, to justify the importance of using modern digital technologies, to explore the technology of digital twins as a promising tool for shaping the business environment of modern organizations. Methods. The study rests on systems approach enabling to consider the technology of digital twins as a set of sequential modeling processes, which results in the creation of an adequate digital virtual reality. I also use the content analysis of available sources and statistical data. Results. The use of digital twins technology provides real opportunities for enterprises to operate in a dynamic market environment. However, their implementation faces a number of challenges that must be considered when deciding to implement the technology under study in the practical activities of Russian enterprises. Moreover, a fairly long investment and project cycle does not end with the creation of a digital twin, but requires constant work related to its improvement, saturation with information, technical and technological maintenance of this system. Conclusions. Currently, an urgent task is to develop pilot projects for the creation of digital twins implemented at experimental sites. These projects will provide the necessary information on the feasibility and specifics of this system implementation, and help gain necessary experience in its development, implementation, and operation.

Conditions and Factors Influencing Corporate Ecologic Responsibility at Steel-Making Enterprises in Russia

The article analyses conditions and factors, which affect realization of corporate ecologic responsibility at steelmaking enterprises in Russia. Special attention is paid to motivation of companies to keep to responsible work and assess its compliance with set standards. The research covers motivation of steel-making enterprises in respect of practices aimed at improving the ecologic situation, both internal and external factors are studied. The article analyzed current practices of big steel-making companies of Russia. The author investigates a wide range of factors that can influence company decisions in the field of ecologic responsibility. As a result the article provides a complete picture of the current situation and prospects of developing corporate ecologic responsibility at steelmaking enterprises in Russia.

Analyzing the impact of introducing automated mining process control systems on the efficiency and safety of mining enterprises in Russia

Analyzing the impact of introducing automated mining process control systems on the efficiency and safety of mining enterprises in Russia

Russian Enterprises in the Spring of 2024: Significant Increase in Investment Activity under Sanctions

Russian Enterprises in the Spring of 2024: Significant Increase in Investment Activity under Sanctions

Determinants of receiving government support by small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia

Government support measures help companies overcome various restrictions impeding their growth and develop ment, which is of special relevance for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). These measures, therefore, must reach the target companies and ensure efficient allocation of resources. The article reveals key characteristics of SMEs in Russia that increase the probability of them receiving government support. The research methodology is based on public interest theory, public choice theory and the concept of economic freedom. The research method is a two-step regression analysis, in which the binary choice model is first evaluated, and then the LASSO model is used to assess the impact of the textual content of the companies’ websites. The dataset of the study is represented by data on 2,176 Russian metallurgical enterprises for 2020–2023, of which 57% were receiving government support. The results of the first step of evaluation showed that the organization’s age and size meas ured by revenue were the key factors associated with the probability of receiving government support. At the second step, we found that the mention of certain goods or materials on the websites, the enterprise’s location and orientation towards foreign stakeholders were significantly related to the likelihood of getting state support. The study offers tools for analyzing the determi nants of government support for SMEs and highlights the importance of this analysis for more efficient allocation of government resources.

Integration of flexible corporate demographic policy tools into the personnel management system

Amid staff shortages and rising labour costs, many Russian enterprises are looking for non-material methods to man age personnel. Organizational, labour and socio-psychological aspects of employee incentives are closely linked to the corporate demographic policy tools. The article aims to analyse the demand for flexible working arrangements for employees with family responsibilities, as well as to determine the opportunities for integrating flexible organizational and labour tools of corporate de mographic policy into the personnel management system. Flexibilization theory in the context of corporate demographic policy constitutes the methodological basis of the study. The standard methods of structured personal interviews, frequency analysis with equality of proportions hypothesis test using a chi-square statistic, and comparison of mean values based on the Kruskal Wallis test were applied. The empirical evidence includes collective agreements and local regulations of the largest employers in the Russian Federation, as well as results of a sociological survey conducted in June–September, 2023 (the analyzed sample cov ered 2,804 respondents). The study statistically proves that employees working flexible hours are more satisfied with their job and life compared to those with rigid schedules. It also shows that flexible working arrangements are in demand among employees with parental commitments. The paper presents a model and an algorithm for integrating flexible organizational and labour tools of corporate demographic policy into the personnel management system. We develop a list of HR metrics and identify potential positive implications of this integration through strengthening the HR brand, increasing employee loyalty and engagement, and reducing staff turnover.

Наемный труд в условиях экспериментальных правовых режимов

The introduction of special regulation in a number of areas under the legislation on experimental legal regimes affects the jobs available to employers who are subjects of the experimental legal regime. These employers include some Russian enterprises in the transport and healthcare sectors today, and in the future in other areas as well. The article argues how the introduction of special regulation affects the sphere of labour and why the issue at hand deserves the attention of labour law specialists.

Methodological approaches to the assessment of innovation activity

Subject. This article examines the essence and content of such concepts as innovation, innovative activity of an industrial enterprise, its key elements and methodological approaches to their assessment. Objectives. The article aims to develop methodological approaches to the assessment of innovative activity of an enterprise on the basis of a system of indicators that comprehensively characterize innovative activity, innovative potential, as well as the effectiveness and efficiency of innovative activity. Methods. For the study, we used analysis and synthesis, a systems approach, indicative design of the analyzed processes, and the methods of detailing and logical generalization. Results. The article presents the author-developed methodological approaches to the comprehensive assessment of innovation activity on the basis of a system of indicators that can help quantitatively and qualitatively assess the innovation potential, trace its changes, innovative activity of the enterprise, outline the areas for improving innovation activity in order to increase the competitiveness and financial stability of the enterprise. The article also proposes a system of indicators for assessing the innovative activity of the enterprise as a whole, the research and development sector, and it recommends indicators of the impact of the results of innovation activity on the enterprise's economy, and for assessing the effectiveness of innovative projects. Conclusions and Relevance. The proposed methodology for assessing innovation activity based on a system of qualitative and quantitative indicators can help better understand innovation processes and related activities and the results obtained, as well as make optimal management decisions, identify and eliminate bottlenecks, find ways of innovative development and thereby increase the competitiveness of Russian enterprises and domestic products. The results of the study can be used in assessing the innovative activity, innovative potential of enterprises, the effectiveness and efficiency of the innovation process, in making optimal management decisions on strategic planning and making managerial decisions in the field of improving the innovation process, in the selection of the most effective innovative projects.

Typology of Leadership Styles Depending on the Nature of Decision-Making and Business/Person Orientation

The purpose of the study is to develop a classification of leadership styles based on a combination of two indicators: the degree of employees’ involvement in the decision-making process and the prevailing orientation at the enterprise either towards achieving organizational results or towards ensuring employees’ satisfaction. The scientific novelty of the work is in the approach to solving the stated problem, namely, the creation of the authors’ typology of management styles (individual authoritarian, paternalistic, collective, communal), based on a combination of the degree of staff participation in making management decisions and target orientation towards business/relationships. The results obtained show that this methodology helps to reveal most efficiently the features of management at modern Russian enterprises. This methodology was used as a basis for the analyses of the aspects determining the nature of the leadership. There was revealed its relationship with various socio-economic factors. Long-term longitudinal studies conducted at Naberezhnye Chelny enterprises provided the authors of the article with empirical material, on the basis of which it was concluded that authoritarianism and paternalism were the most characteristic of the modern domestic managers’ style. The practical significance of the study is in the possibility of applying its results at enterprises in various sectors of the economy. The proposed classification of management styles can be used as a methodological toolkit in studying the effectiveness of management work at different organizations, as well as in the process of training, retraining and advanced training of personnel.

П РИМЕНЕНИЕ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ ЭКОНОМИКИ КАЧЕСТВА ПРИ ВЫБОРЕ МЕТОДОЛОГИИ ДЛЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

The problem of choosing a methodology for decision-making at an enterprise in choosing a tool for shaping the path of sustainable development, posed by the authors, is relevant and practically significant. The purpose outlined in the article is to select tools for the scientific justification of measures that an enterprise can take to counter possible threats and dangers based on timely strategically significant decisions that meet the national interests of the Russian Federation and are necessary to preserve sustainability. As the conducted research has shown, in the practice of Russian enterprises, there are three ap- proaches to understanding achievements in the field of sustainable development that are similar in essence, but different in content and levels of implementation. In this regard, it is assumed that the use of elements of the quality economy and their tools significantly brings enterprises closer to solving problems in this area. The formation of a scientific basis for eliminating the existing methodological inaccuracy is also of interest from the point of view of strategic planning and management at the enterprise. The article substantiates the use of standardization and quality man- agement tools for the sustainable development of enterprises. The article contains recommendations on standardization of key areas of sustainable development in the enterprise.

Функционирование предприятий промышленности России в современных условиях: проблемы и возможности

The study is devoted to the analysis of the operating conditions of industrial enterprises in Russia. The relevance of the study is emphasized by the period of economic instability in the Russian economy, which revealed the insufficient efficiency of industrial enterprises, expressed in low profitability of production. The purpose of the study is to analyze and systematize factors, problems and promising directions that determine the functioning of an industrial enterprise, and to develop measures to achieve economic sustainability in an unstable external environment. As a result of the study, the main factors for the functioning of industrial enterprises in an unstable external environment were identified, and measures were proposed to increase the efficiency of enterprises, such as increasing energy intensity and developing exports.

Инвестиционная активность российских предприятий с 2015 по 2022 г. по данным Росстата РФ

In modern conditions, the activities of individual economic entities and the Russian economy as a whole are largely determined by the degree of resistance to various crisis phenomena. In response to the challenges of recent years, all market participants are reviewing their resource management policies, which also affects their investment activities. This work is devoted to assessing the dynamics of individual indicators of investment activity of Russian enterprises for the period from 2015 to 2022 according to Rosstat of the Russian Federation. The use of methods of formal logic and economic and statistical analysis allowed us to conclude that the investment activity of Russian enterprises as a whole remained unchanged during the analyzed period and the need for in-depth analysis in the context of regions, industries and types of economic activity.