Mechanical Engineering Enterprises Research Articles

Оценка готовности предприятия оборонно-промышленного комплекса к диверсификации

We studied the state of military-industrial complex enterprises and assessed their actual diversification and the degree of readiness to produce goods that are exportable and/or in demand in the civilian sector. The paper considers both the practical and theoretical problem investigation level and outlines approaches to ensuring a gradual development process concerning production diversification strategies for a mechanical engineering enterprise that belongs to the military-industrial complex. We estimated production flexibility and its diversification potential. We substantiated the difference and assessed the flexibility contribution of various types of economic activity in the enterprise. We looked into the connection between activity types (government order work and work in the open market) and the enterprise production system. We propose a structural model for the information system of the enterprise production system. We investigated a preliminary approach to developing diversification strategies for military-industrial complex enterprises. We propose changes to the Berry Index that specify the position of the enterprise. We considered an approach to estimating diversification readiness using the Berry Index and the altered Berry Index. We constructed a matrix for estimating the enterprise diversification readiness. We highlight the main problems that enterprises should solve to ensure successful production diversification

Development of a Design Algorithm for the Logistics System of Product Distribution of the Mechanical Engineering Enterprise

The purpose of this research is to represent the results of the development of the design algorithm for the logistics system for the distribution of products of a mechanical engineering enterprise, which would determine the characteristics of the production distribution channel, the optimal arrangement of the elements of the logistics system of product distribution in the environment, and also to optimize the resources flow with regard to the limitations. The main content of this research is the analysis of publications of Russian and foreign scientists and specialists in the field of production management, modeling and optimization of organizational structures and production processes, design of logistics systems. The practical significance of the research is the possibility of the appliance of the presented algorithm by the management team of a mechanical engineering enterprise in a market environment. It would permit to improve the efficiency of using the existing resources of the enterprise. This article is addressed to specialists in the field of theory and practice of production organization

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФОРМУВАННЯ ЯКІСНО НОВИХ ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ СИСТЕМ НА ПІДПРИЄМСТВАХ МАШИНОБУДУВАННЯ

Organizational support stages of developing a qualitatively new logistic systems for machine-building enterprises are defined in the article. It is noted that today, due to the financial and economic crisis, the machine-building complex of Ukraine is in a rather stagnant position and requires the introduction of effective economic management methods that would allow to increase the efficiency of movement of materials, financial and information flows, reduce the costs of material and technical and raw materials supply and maximize consumers satisfaction with delivered products. It is stated that the machine-building complex of Ukraine consists of 20 specialized industries and 58 sub-branches and represents all types of mechanical engineering existing today. 11245 enterprises are represented in the structure of machine-building complex, 145 of which are large, 1878 are medium-sized and 9222 are small. Approximately 1.5 million workers are employed in mechanical engineering. Thus it is a powerful effective mechanism that requires new approaches to the organization of logistics activities at machine-building enterprises and the formation of qualitatively new logistics systems. The author defines the logistic system of the machine-building enterprise. The existing stages of creation and development of logistic system at the machine-building enterprise and the main resources of machine-building enterprises’ development are determined. It is stated that the same resources are the basis for the creation of an efficient, qualitatively new, logistic system of machine-building enterprises, since only in the interaction of these factors it is possible to achieve the main objective of logistic activity on the basis of the following prerequisites – the necessary products, the required quality, in the required quantity, delivered in time to getting to destination with minimal cost. The factors (indicators) for evaluating the most common logistics systems’ efficiency criteria are presented. The conducted research of the existing methods of formation of logistic systems at the enterprises of mechanical engineering and resources for their creation, made it possible to conclude the necessity of determining the organizational support stages of developing qualitatively new logistic systems of the mechanical engineering enterprises. The organizational support of forming a qualitatively new logistic systems for machine-building enterprises is offered, allowing to integrate regulation and control of all types of logistic flows of machine-building enterprises in order to achieve their main goal – profit maximization.

Principles of Assessing the Competitiveness of Industrial Enterprises and Areas of Successful Operation in a Volatile Market Environment

The article considers the issue of increasing competitiveness, the level of which we can talk about the effectiveness of the chosen development strategy, the correctness of management decisions, the presence of competitive advantages in mechanical engineering enterprises compared to competitors. It is established that the main task of industrial enterprises is to increase profitability, improve financial condition, increase performance, solvency, which is possible through the production of competitive products, taking into account consumer needs, increasing competition, strengthening positions both on domestic and foreign markets. It is substantiated that it is important to assess the level of competitiveness through the use of appropriate methods and it is advisable to follow a number of principles. It was found out that the implementation of certain principles will allow a consistent assessment of the competitive situation, ensure the correctness, reliability of such assessment, and take into account the impact of the market environment. Under such conditions, companies will be able to develop measures to improve performance, to form strategic prospects for development. Also, compliance with the relevant principles will ensure the formation of effective solutions and affect the quality of competitiveness management in industrial enterprises, will systematize the evaluation process, obtain reliable data, and ensure the practical use of a system of indicators to assess competitive potential. It is determined that machine-building enterprises work under difficult conditions and the directions of successful functioning in the conditions of changing market environment were formed by taking into account the peculiarities of economic activity, the implementation of which will improve their work, increase profitability, strengthen positions in the international market, level negative influence of internal and external factors. Keywords: competition, competitiveness, evaluation principles, evaluation indicators, management, market environment, areas of activity.

Main trends and prerequisites for the development of machine building enterprises

Methods. The results are obtained through the use of methods: analysis, dialectical cognition, comparison, synthesis, theoretical generalization – to study the theoretical trends in the development of mechanical engineering enterprises; grouping, systems analysis, abstract-logical analysis – to form the conclusions of the study; economic-statistical, systems and comparative analysis – to analyze the results of the volume of products produced by machine-building enterprises, their dynamics, composition and structure; graphical analysis – to visualize the results of the study. Results. The current state of the machine-building industry of Ukraine is analyzed. The state and tendencies of development of the enterprises of the machine-building complex of the country in 2014–2019 are investigated. The analysis of the volume of sold products, volumes of produced products, financial results of machine - building enterprises is carried out. The place and role of mechanical engineering among other branches of economy are defined, the basic problems are revealed and prospects of development of branch are defined. The main tendencies of structural restructuring of the mechanical engineering branch are formulated. Novelty. The characteristics of the main problems of the industry are given and the classification of factors of influence of external and internal environment on machine-building enterprises is carried out. Positive and negative factors of influence of the state and modern conditions of economic condition on the machine-building branch of Ukraine are considered. Trends in the development of mechanical engineering are identified and the problems faced by machine-building enterprises that slow down their development are identified, and possible prospects for the development of mechanical engineering in the country are outlined. Practical value. It is possible to apply the developed and presented suggestions for the formation of modern trends in machine-building enterprises, in order to increase the efficiency of their management, increase profitability and ensure the competitiveness of products. The obtained conclusions and results of the research, the given methodical recommendations will promote effective functioning of the machine-building enterprises in the world markets.

ТРУДОВІ ЧИННИКИ ЯК СКЛАДОВІ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОГО КАПІТАЛУ ВІТЧИЗНЯНИХ МАШИНОБУДІВНИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ У РЕГІОНАЛЬНОМУ РОЗРІЗІ: ПРОБЛЕМИ ТА ШЛЯХИ ВИРІШЕННЯ

Стаття спрямована на дослідження ролі трудових чинників як важливих складових забезпечення інтелектуального капіталу вітчизняних машинобудівних підприємств у регіональному розрізі, визначено проблеми та шляхи вирішення даної проблеми. В умовах сучасної інформаційної економіки однією з наймогутніших рушійних сил розвитку цивілізації є творча діяльність людини. Від обсягу накопичених суспільством знань та ефективності використання інтелектуальних ресурсів нації залежать ефективність економіки, науково-технічний рівень виробництва, соціально-економічний прогрес.
 Загальна тенденція розвитку інноваційних економік, що знаходяться під впливом інформаційної революції, характеризується новим співвідношенням між людським і фізичним капіталом, за яким людський капітал стає пріоритетом в економічному розвитку. Такий елемент інтелектуального капіталу, як людський капітал, може стати конкурентною перевагою країни у цілому, відповідно впливаючи і на окремі підприємства. Особливу роль відіграє людський капітал, впливаючи на розвиток інновацій (поряд з технологіями та капіталом). Розвиток людського капіталу відбувається через адекватне навчання, тренінги, мотивацію у школах, університетах, компаніях, суспільстві, державі. Отже, розвиток інтелектуального капіталу на машинобудівних підприємствах спроможний підвищити їх конкурентоспроможність, дозволяючи знаходити нові можливості для завоювання ринку. Посилення ролі інтелектуальних ресурсів у розвитку конкурентоспроможності підприємств машинобудування в економіці знань привело до того, що змінилися умови та способи створення доданої вартості: знання, навички людських ресурсів (людський капітал), організаційні та управлінські здібності підприємства, його компетенції (структурний капітал) перетворилися в основні фактори створення нової вартості та фактично синтезували появу інтелектуального капіталу, який можна трактувати як ключовий елемент конкурентоспроможності підприємства, тобто елемент, що формує потенційну конкурентоспроможність.
 Розкрито сутність поняття “інтелектуальний капітал”, дано авторське трактування поняття “інтелектуальний капітал машинобудівних підприємств”. Також розглянуто питання впливу трудових чинників на інтелектуальний капітал у машинобудівній галузі України. Визначено основні проблеми, які гальмують формування та розвиток інтелектуального капіталу в машинобудуванні України. Представлено рекомендації щодо ефективного розвитку машинобудівної галузі на засадах формування та розвитку інтелектуального капіталу. 
 Рекомендовано галузеве партнерство, яке в інтелектуальній діяльності виражається у вертикальній або горизонтальній кооперації, при яких машинобудівні підприємства об’єднують свої зусилля для створення певного продукту для конкретної галузі досліджуваної промисловості.

MANAGEMENT ECONOMIC SECURITY OF MACHINE-BUILDING ENTERPRISES IN UKRAINE

In particularly difficult circumstances today, domestic engineering has appeared. Today, the machine-building sector has faced a number of problems, primarily because of geopolitical changes in the external environment. In the context of the constant growth of competition in world markets, the national machine-building industry faced challenges of a strategic nature. In addition, many external and internal factors that have a negative impact on machine building and require research. The essential characteristics, factors of economic safety of the machine-building enterprise are considered. The purpose, indicators, measures to ensure the process of organization of economic security in enterprises are investigated in the modern conditions of their development. The existing concepts of development of domestic machine-building enterprises with the consideration of safety of their economic behavior are analyzed. The main function of personnel security as a component of economic safety of machine-building enterprises in general is described and grounded. Methodical approaches are proposed for removal of existing threats to economic security. The article analyzes the situation of the industry in the context of the main structural components of economic safety in order to determine the safety of the state of activity of the machine-building enterprises in Ukraine. It is substantiated that financial crisis was the most sensitive factor influencing the financial results of industrial enterprises. In order to assess the level of profitability of the enterprises of the machine-building industry, the dynamics of profitability indicators of operating activity of mechanical engineering enterprises is researched. As a result of the analysis of internal prerequisites for the formation of economic safety of the enterprises of mechanical engineering, it was established that the level of financial security of the industry is low and needs to be changed. Consequently, the development of machine-building enterprises is accompanied by the accumulation of problems that negatively affect them. Under the influence of various factors, the development of the machine-building industry is not predictable, not by plans and programs, which are formed by governments, nor taking into account the needs of industrial products and the requirements of globalization of the world economy. The situation is getting worsewith a decreases in the time spans between global crises, which adversely affects the state of the national economy of Ukraine.

Improving Efficiency of Asset Management in the Context of Ensuring Competitiveness of Mechanical Engineering Enterprises in Developing Countries

The research paper deals with the formation of new scientific solutions regarding increasing the efficiency of asset management in the context of ensuring the competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises in developing countries. The study noted the disparity in the development of economically developed and developing countries. It is revealed that one of the main aspects of such disparity is the competitiveness of both the economies of the countries as a whole, and of individual industries and enterprises. At the same time, the importance of ensuring the competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises in developing countries was noted, taking into account their potential and opportunities for stimulating GDP and employment growth in these countries. The relationship between the competitiveness of mechanical engineering enterprises and their asset management is established. The main problems of asset management at the mechanical engineering enterprises in the developing countries are localized, and the ways of their elimination are proposed taking into account the division of enterprises into those operating as part of the transnational and foreign corporations, large enterprises with national capital, medium and small enterprises with national capital. A considerable range of problems regarding the asset management in small and medium enterprises was noted. Directions of further scientific researchers are suggested.

Ключевые показатели эффективности производственной деятельности при внедрении методов бережливого производства на машиностроительных предприятиях

The article is devoted to the consideration of methods of lean production in relation to mechanical-engineering enterprises; the main key indicators of efficiency, productivity and key performance indicators (KPI), their similarities and differences. The key performance indicators, the most preferred in the analysis and management of production at mechanical-engineering enterprises, are defined in the article.

Визначення логістичних ризиків у сезонних прогнозах обсягів реалізації підприємств машинобудування

Визначення логістичних ризиків у сезонних прогнозах обсягів реалізації підприємств машинобудування

Evaluation of dynamics of related indicators of financial stability in machine-building enterprises in Ukraine and their impact on corporate culture

The article is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of the dynamics of relative indicators of financial sustainability at the enterprises of machine building in the country and their impact on corporate culture. It has been proved that the analysis of relative indicators of financial stability evaluation at the enterprises of mechanical engineering has been carried out in the following directions: comparison of actual values of coefficients with normative at the date of drawing up each balance, this contributes to the formation of a biased opinion on financial stability, insufficient financial stability, or financial instability of enterprises of mechanical engineering on the normative values of the indicator; comparison of the actual values of the coefficients in the dynamics for the significance of the trends in the change in the financial sustainability of the mechanical engineering industry: from the point of view of assessing the financial stability of the enterprises under analysis, it is necessary to formulate a conclusion on the improvement or deterioration of the financial condition of the engineering industry and to determine how this was affected by this relative indicator on enterprise strategy and corporate culture. It has been shown that using the coefficients analysis one can find strong and weak financial characteristics of mechanical engineering enterprises. The dynamics of relative indicators of financial sustainability can be used to control the activities of mechanical engineering companies, as well as to verify whether the company can meet its short-term obligations or to cover fixed income payments. Based on the values of indicators of financial stability, it is possible to build a credit policy in banking institutions, and also use it to compare advantages with other enterprises of mechanical engineering. It is proved that the positive dynamics of stocks is estimated on the basis of comparison with the dynamics of financial results of the enterprise. It is ascertained that if the growth rate of financial results of the enterprises of mechanical engineering exceeds the growth rates of stocks, this indicates an increase in the efficiency of their use.

Prospects for development of small innovative mechanical engineering enterprises on the territories of advanced development

Small innovative mechanical engineering enterprises are extremely important for the development of the Russian economy. This article discusses the different points of view on the issues of small enterprises, machine-building organizations and innovative enterprises. The analysis of the obtained problems is carried out and essential ones are selected from the point of view of the maximally hindering the successful development of small innovative mechanical engineering enterprises. Consideration of the conditions of the territories of advanced social and economic development showed that only one of the selected problems is being solved. It is a high level of taxation. The authors propose to expand the functionality of the territories of advanced development through the use of personnel marketing, the establishment of a business school and a consulting center, which will create truly favorable (but not excessive) conditions for the development of small innovative mechanical enterprises on the territories of advanced social and economic development.

Logistics technologies in mechanical engineering complex: the prospects for outsourcing applying

The current state of the mechanical engineering complex of Russia requires the application of new industry process management technologies. In this regard, we consider the technologies of the logistic approach associated with reducing the costs distribution in material resource flow management. One of these technologies is applying of logistics outsourcing system into the external logistics system of mechanical engineering enterprises.

Evaluation of dynamics of changes in load indicators and management of corporate culture of machine building enterprises

The indicators of property status of mechanical engineering enterprises have been analyzed int this article. In order to determine the effectiveness of corporate culture management at the machine-building enterprises, it is necessary to analyze the indicators of property status. It has been determined that the property of machine building enterprises can be used in internal circulation or outside of it - directed to repay the receivables invested in securities or involved in the turnover of other enterprises in the form of investment income. The indicators of the property status have been distinguished and analyzed: balance currency, average value of fixed assets, capital assets and return on capital assets, fixed assets in assets, depreciation factor of fixed assets, factor renewal of fixed assets, factor of asset mobility. It has been revealed that the volume of activity of the enterprises of mechanical engineering, liquidity and solvency depends on their size and size. It has been proved that stable financial and market position of the enterprises of mechanical engineering is the best indicator of a well-developed and competently implemented strategy. It was determined that the indicators of the property status affect the size of the profit of the enterprises of mechanical engineering, credit rating, reputation and image of enterprises, quality of products, the level of prices for products, motivation of work and the morale of the staff, the status and efficiency of corporate culture. It has been revealed that there is a tendency in the machine-building enterprises to reduce the currency of the balance sheet, the coefficient of average value of fixed assets, decrease of the coefficient of capital assets, increase of physical depreciation of fixed assets, outflow of labor force, decrease of the coefficient of mobility of assets, which negatively affects the state of corporate culture in the analyzed enterprises. Managing corporate culture is effective only in the case of a well-developed strategy of corporate culture, which contributes to increasing the chances of success for machine-building enterprises. Financial indicators of property status are increasing, and workers consider this enterprise the best place for their work.

Методика выбора функции для аутсорсинга на машиностроительном предприятии

The paper presents a method of selecting a function to outsource for a mechanical engineering enterprise. The method is based on a bi-parametric selection criterion. The first parameter of the criterion considers the strategic importance of the function transferred; the second one considers the degree to which the function transferred affects the enterprise activities in general. This second parameter makes it possible to use an unlimited number of potentially importance-weighted evaluation metrics that the mechanical engineering enterprise will identify individually. We propose to mainly use qualitative metrics for this type of estimation. Originally various measurement scales may be set up, which is especially convenient when evaluating; later these scales are converted to a unified measurement scale. The method presented makes it possible to determine the priority of function transfer, that is, isolating those functions that must be outsourced first

Reindustrialization of Old Industrial Regions in the South of Russia: Trends, Potential, Risks

In modern conditions, re-industrialization in Russia is aimed at leveling the trend of reducing the share of the manufacturing industry in the GRP of a number of old-industrial regions in recent years due to the implementation of the strategy of restoring the leading role of industry, transition to a new technological structure, the formation of productive forces. The article deals with the problem of modernizing the economy of the old industrial regions of the South of Russia based on the restoration of the industrial sector of the economy on a modern technological basis. It was noted that during the years of market reforms in the South Russian regions (Rostov, Volgograd, Astrakhan regions) almost all mining enterprises were closed, the activities of many enterprises of mechanical engineering, machine-tool construction, instrument engineering, enterprises for the production of bearings, fabrics, footwear were curtailed, which led to the destruction of existing industrial chains and provoked a new liquidation of production in other regions, the loss of its southern industry positions in the structure of the national economy. The main trends in the industrial development of the South Russian regions, which are reflected in a change in the distribution of economic activity and population in space, as well as in a change in the properties of the economic space of the region, are identified. The specific development factors are defined. They include multistructured regional economy and high dependence on economic instability factors in neighboring countries. It was concluded that it is necessary to move from the implementation of point projects to a comprehensive solution of the problems of structural imbalance in the regional economy related to increasing the capitalization level of the industrial modernization potential. The authors concluded that the strategy of re-industrialization should be based on the priority development of industrial production, allowing to enhance synergistic effects through a rational combination of the economic potentials of industrial production in central and peripheral territories of southern Russia.

Technique for analysis of defects of products machine building according to IATF 16949:2016 standard requirements

Correct techniques of and approaches to the analysis of production stability and measuring systems and management of products quality are significant for the tasks of development and improvement of a mechanical engineering enterprise quality control system. More opportunities arise for production quality managers enabling their dealing with claims and defects, elaboration of corrective actions and application of statistical methods for the analysis of quality of products. In this article, a technique for the analysis of defects of mechanical engineering products based on the system approach is suggested, and an example of its practical application is described. The main distinctive feature of the suggested technique consists in a description of each part or component of an assembly or a unit in the form of formulas offered at one of the stages. Application of the technique for the analysis of defects allows systematizing data on potential defects, probable causes and possible consequences of them, thus that leading to improvement of the management process and quality of products of mechanical engineering.

Evaluation Methodology of Prevention Emergency Situations System at the Enterprises of Mechanical Engineering

Evaluation Methodology of Prevention Emergency Situations System at the Enterprises of Mechanical Engineering

Розвиток енергоменеджменту як основний спосіб підвищення енергоефективності виробничих підприємств

Purpose. The paper purpose is to investigate the role of energy management in improving energy efficiency of enterprises. The main problem is the control at the managerial and operational levels in the industrial enterprises. Design/methodology/approach. Taking into account industry specifics, methodological approaches to energy efficiency management require some adaptation. The expediency of using energy efficiency benchmarking tools with the use of a facet system of classification of objects was grounded, bearing in mind the priority of realization of market and economic potentials. Findings. The level of energy efficiency of production significantly affects the competitiveness of the company, which directly affects the market share occupied in a market economy. However, given the constant increase of prices for energy resources, the influence of the level of energy efficiency on the successful activity of the company increases with each passing year, and the issue of increasing energy efficiency of production becomes of paramount importance. The scientific significance of the paper lies in the study of methods based on the main provisions of energy management. These techniques will allow to analyze and evaluate one or another model of energy efficiency management of an industrial enterprise. Research limitations/implications. The urgency of the topic under study is due to the need to increase the level of energy efficiency at industrial enterprises. The subjects of the study are energy efficiency indicators and the processes of establishing energy management principles at enterprises. Originality / value. The methods based on the main provisions of energy management have been explored. The disadvantages and advantages of the facet and hierarchical system were analyzed. The necessity of introduction of energy management system in mechanical engineering enterprises has been substantiated. The conclusion is grounded on the necessity of introducing energy management systems at the machine-building enterprises. The decision of the managerial problem lies in the consistent application of the system approach to energy management.

Integration Processes In Russia Engineering: Condition For Business Continuity

The article discusses the nature and main approaches to the integration of enterprises and organizations of mechanical engineering, introduces the concepts of «business continuity» and «business continuity management», offers recommendations for the implementation of a business continuity management procedure in mechanical engineering enterprises. According to the authors, integration refers to the process of strengthening production relations and economic relations, the organizational and economic merging of several components (components, parts) into a single whole, acquiring a higher quality than the arithmetic addition of parts. The limits of the integration processes of the organization are analyzed according to the three possible modern concepts of the company. The evolution and main stages of the integration processes in the engineering industry of Russia for the period from 1991 to the present are analyzed in the article. The current state of the level of integration in the engineering industry of Russia is also given. The assumption about the direct correlation between business continuity and the degree of integration in the engineering industry of Russia is formulated. The prospects for the further development of the integration of industrial enterprises in Russia are evaluated.