Enterprises In Kosovo Research Articles

Challenges in implementing ifrs in large enterprises: a case study of Kosovo

The rapid globalization of economic activities and the integration of financial markets on a global scale have created an urgent need to harmonize accounting standards. One of the most significant manifestations of this harmonization trend is the global adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), reflecting the increasing internationalization of business operations. Harmonizing financial reporting practices aims to provide a consistent and transparent framework, enhancing comparability and reliability across borders. However, achieving such standardization requires the imposition of rigorous and uniformly applied rules, posing significant challenges for enterprises in different regions. This research focuses on identifying the specific difficulties associated with IFRS implementation in large enterprises, particularly the obstacles these companies face when adopting these standards. The study employs an inductive methodology, synthesizing findings from multiple studies conducted in diverse countries, highlighting the impact, application challenges, and barriers associated with IFRS adoption. Primary data for this research were gathered through quantitative questionnaires administered to 96 large enterprises in Kosovo, providing a localized perspective on IFRS implementation challenges. The results of the Friedman test reveal a significant discrepancy between the degree of IFRS implementation among large enterprises in Kosovo and key factors such as ambiguity in the standards, lack of professional expertise, insufficient training, inadequate educational support, and the high costs associated with compliance. These findings underscore the need for targeted strategies, including enhanced professional training and supportive regulatory frameworks, to facilitate effective IFRS adoption in transitional economies like Kosovo. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking to address these challenges and foster a more cohesive international accounting environment.

Improving production sequencing in the age of Industry 4.0: A mathematical launching model approach

Purpose: To enhance enterprise efficiency, this study examines the pivotal role of operations management in optimizing the use of materials, technology, equipment, and personnel, especially within the transformative framework of Industry 4.0.Design/methodology/approach: This article investigates operational preparation in the context of Industry 4.0. Through questionnaires and interviews with stakeholders, problems related to operational preparation were identified. To address these problems, a launching model was developed for production systems. The model considers several parameters important for the production process, including business goals, customer needs, and environmental conditions that impact enterprise performance and profit.Findings: The model determines the importance of jobs to be performed in a certain order to optimize production sequence. The proposed parameters are included in a mathematical-algorithmic launching model based on categorical levels related to the production process, such as profit, delivery times, processing times, total number of technological operations, product types, materials, required quality, product complexity, and resource use. The model was developed based on observations and investigations conducted in Kosovo's enterprises on operations research, and it has the potential to significantly improve production efficiency and profitability in the Industry 4.0 era.Practical implications: The findings of this study have practical implications for operations management within the Industry 4.0 framework, proposing a launching model designed to optimize production processes and enhance efficiency.Originality/value: The originality and value of this research lie in the development of a mathematical-algorithmic launching model that addresses operational preparation in the Industry 4.0 context, taking into account various crucial parameters.

Comparative approach to the financing of agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Kosovo and EU countries

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the financial challenges faced by agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Kosovo. It aims to compare the various forms of financing used in Kosovo with those in European Union (EU) countries. The study seeks to highlight opportunities and challenges with a focus on how they can learn from the experiences of EU countries.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on responses from agricultural enterprises in both the EU and Kosovo. Data was gathered through a survey conducted with 50 agricultural enterprises in Kosovo, whereas for EU context, information from the 2020 Survey on the Financial Needs and Access to Finance of EU Agricultural Enterprises (provided by EAFRD). Statistical data were processed using the Stata and SPSS programs.FindingsIn agriculture sector, loan is the primary form of financing to expand their activities and capacities, whereas financing for agricultural enterprises exhibits a negative relationship with the bureaucratic procedures associated with financing.Research limitations/implicationsThe main research’s limitations include the unavailability of official data from the relevant institutions in Kosovo.Practical implicationsA possible implication arising from this research is the reliance of the development of agriculture enterprises on debt.Social implicationsDue to the lack of comprehensive data in this regard, is unable to analyze the specific impact of gender in financing patterns of these enterprises.Originality/valueThis study provides real data on the current situation of agricultural enterprises in Kosovo. Considering Kosovo’s goal to integrate with the EU, this comparative approach adds significant value to the study.

Marketing Strategy as Driving Force of Export Performance Small and Medium Enterprises

Kosovo’s private sector business is led by small and medium enterprises and shows acrucial role in the economic development and promoting the growth of this sector. Dueto the lack of studies in Kosova, related to marketing strategy and export performance,the research aims to explore growth determinants of SMEs in Kosovo by emphasizingexports, revealing the importance of marketing strategy related to the performance ofSMEs. Since exporting is becoming more important, it is necessary to understand allthe factors that are involved in this booming trade. This research analyses explore theliterature dealing with small and medium enterprises' performance to inspect thetraditional and modern academic standpoints on estimating the impact of exportperformance, based on secondary data of five hundred small and medium enterprises,as trade, manufacturing, and services sectors in Kosovo. The data were analysed usingboth descriptive statistics and inferential techniques, such as logistic regressionanalysis, and probit model using the SPSS software. Results show a significant linkageof marketing strategy and export performance; managers and policymakers can takesome action to improve export performance. On the other hand, the results measure theimpact of price, production, promotion and place in export performance incorporateexpected future performance. It is argued that enterprises in Kosovo must pay moreattention to strategies, and attempt to design and implement better strategies that willbe beneficial for developing international trade, especially exports, as one way oftrading by SMEs.

Effect of Green Human Resources Management and Employee Performance on Work-Life Balance

Abstract The aim of this research is to find out the effect of green Human Resources Management and employee performance on work-life balance, in small and medium enterprises operating in transition economies, specifically in Kosovo. Additionally, this paper presents a comprehensive conceptual framework for green human resources management and work-life balance. In order to find out this relation, a questionnaire was delivered to employees of small and medium enterprises in Kosovo. The data collected was analyzed using STATA 14. To test the hypothesis, a linear model was constituted, and a regression analysis was conducted using the OLS technique. The model results indicate positive linear correlation between green human resource management, work-life balance, and employee performance, which means that green HRM and employee performance have significant impact on work-life balance of employees in small and medium enterprises in transition countries. This study contributes to practical level, as it provides important information to companies in Kosovo, who should take into consideration the importance of incorporating new green strategies in their human resource practices to facilitate work-life balance for employees, consequently leading to enhance company performance.

Analysing the impact of accounting information system components in enhancing the AIS performance in enterprises

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of the accounting information system (AIS) components in enhancing the AIS performance in enterprise. This study obtained primary data using survey methods by a considerable representative sample of public enterprises in Kosovo. The collected data was analysed by descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple linear regression analysis. The analysed results provide an overview of the impact of AIS components in enhancing the AIS performance in enterprises. The AIS components has been expressed through characteristics of AIS, designers of AIS, information technology, professional education, regulations, laws, standards and accounting practices. Irrespective of the research outcomes, it is apparent that the AIS exhibits a strong correlation with the operational aspects of public enterprises in Kosovo, underscoring its pivotal significance in facilitating diverse functions within these enterprises. The findings emphasize the importance of the AIS components, towards enhancing the performance of AIS in public enterprises in Kosovo. Furthermore, this research paper indicates that there is a positive relationship among AIS components, AIS characteristics, AIS designers, information technology, professional education, regulations, laws, accounting standards and practices and AIS performance. These findings also underscore the significance of taking into account and optimizing each of these elements in order to maximize the advantages and results of implementing an AIS and enhancing performance in public enterprises.

The Role of Pyramidal Organizational Structure in Organizational Efficiency and Effectiveness

Abstract The purpose of this article is the theoretical treatment of organizational structuring aspect, with special emphasis on the role of pyramidal organizational structure in organizational efficiency and effectiveness. More broadly, it talks about the importance of the organizational structure for the division of tasks, roles, responsibilities, authority and so on, as well as the importance of the optimal breadth of management in the success of organizations, respectively in the correct and clear understanding of roles of each member within the organization. Likewise, it is intended that through the study carried out in 50 enterprises in Kosovo, the importance of applying an adequate organizational structure that ensures their success will be presented. The study made it clear at what level the pyramidal organizational structure is applied by these enterprises and how much efficiency and effectiveness this structure has provided to them.

The impact of total quality management on operational performance

Recent studies have highlighted the positive correlation between total quality management (TQM) and the performance of manufacturing companies (Sahoo & Yadav, 2018), which has been proven, specifically that the achievement of better operational performance is enabled by the application of TQM. This research aims to measure the impact of TQM through the components: organizational leadership, customer relationship, human resource management, strategic planning development, and supplier management in the operational performance of manufacturing enterprises in Kosovo. The research was carried out using the quantitative method, where 308 managers were part of the sample. Referring to the ordinary least squares (OLS) model, it turned out that organizational leadership and supplier management had the greatest impact on operational performance, while strategic planning development had the least impact. Also, based on the Mann–Whitney U test, it was found that there is a difference in the operational performance of manufacturing enterprises by categorizing them according to the implementation of ISO standards, where the enterprises that implement ISO standards had better operational performance.

THE IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON ONLINE SHOPPING: AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH WITH KOSOVAR CONSUMERS

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the growth of online businesses in Kosovo is a topic that is treated in this paper. Due to the fall in economic activity brought on by the economy's closure, the COVID-19 pandemic inevitably had a negative impact on the Kosovar economy, just like it has on other nations around the world. The requirement for enterprises to undergo a digital transformation has been considerably expedited by Covid-19, which has had a tremendous impact on businesses, society, and the economy in general. E-commerce is based on the idea of conducting business more effectively and quickly online. Giving clients access to the company's computer system allows them to modify the product and service to their specifications and ensure on-time delivery. These automated tailored services have a significant financial impact on enterprises by boosting earnings and lowering operating expenses. This paper seeks to shed light on the Covid-19 pandemic's effects on Kosovo's internet commerce growth. For this reason, a survey was conducted online, with 251 respondents selecting the appropriate sample using a non-random selection approach. The results show that Covid-19 appears to have had a favorable effect on the growth of online businesses in Kosovo. The Covid pandemic has positively impacted the growth of online enterprises in Kosovo, and the 24/7 accessibility of the online business has positively impacted the increase in sales volume, according to the results of the hypothesis testing. The paper primarily describes how the Covid-19 epidemic affected the growth of online enterprises in Kosovo.

Applying Distributed Leadership in Micro and Small Enterprises of Kosovo

Discussions about distributed leadership and its effectiveness have been at the center of recent leadership studies. This article aims to present the perceptions of micro and small enterprises staff in Kosovo, regarding the practice of distributed leadership, the challenges of this application and the conditions that permit the improvement of enterprises leadership. In Kosovo micro and small enterprises make up the majority of companies operating in the market and serve as the main source of employment for the Kosovo population. Thus, examining the leadership issues of these ventures would serve above all to their effectiveness and success. The ideas of econometric models about the levels of distributed leadership and the challenges of the application of the distributed leadership helped to explain some features of the leadership in micro and small MSE-s in Kosovo context. The instrument created has been delivered to 37 micro and small enterprises in Kosovo. 294 entrepreneurs and enterprises staff filled the questionnaire. The study revealed that according to the respondent’s perceptions distributed leadership is practiced in their enterprise at a superficial level, according to the 3 levels presented by empirical research. There exists a “neutral” perception about the challenges faced by the enterprise while applying distributed leadership, which shows that the respondents do not have a clear idea about the challenges that their enterprise has to face while applying distributed leadership. Nevertheless, they listed “the lack of the shared responsibility amongst the staff”, as one challenge that their enterprise faces mostly, while applying the distributed leadership. According to the respondents, it is important to encourage staff to participate in the decision making, ensure well-built relations among entrepreneurs and the staff and create strong collegial relationships among staff. This could contribute to the success of the MSE-s.

Impact of Innovation Types on Enterprises Sales Growth: Evidence from Kosovo

This paper aims to analyze the impact of the types of innovations in increasing the sales of Kosovo's enterprises. The findings of this paper confirm the hypotheses that organizational innovations, product/process innovations and marketing innovations have a positive impact on increasing the level of sales. This empirical research was conducted with enterprises in Kosovo, so the main limitation of this research is the non-inclusion of enterprises of Albania, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, etc. The involvement of enterprises from these countries would provide a broader picture of the research issues for transition countries. This empirical research is of particular importance because it studies the impact of types of innovation on increasing the sales level of enterprises in transition countries. Kosovo suffer from weak enterprises sector and underdeveloped entrepreneurship sector. Without the development of an innovative system of the private sector and the entrepreneurial sector, Kosovo cannot overcome the transition process. Therefore, this paper could be a reference point for the government policies of Kosovo, which should support all enterprises in the development of all types of innovations.

The Impact of Conflict Management Styles on Organizational Performance: A Comparative Analysis

Objectives: This study aims to identify the styles of conflict management in public and private enterprises in Kosovo, measure their impacts on organizational performance, and thus fill the gap that exists between the applied style and the one that has the most impact on performance. Methods: The study used the quantitative method to answer the research questions. The study participants included 100 public and 100 private sector managers. Findings: In the private sector, the most commonly used style is compromise, while the avoidance style is the least adopted. In the public sector, managers use the dominating style for conflict management while using the obliging style the least. According to the OLS model, the obligating style explains organizational performance in the private sector, while organizational performance is explained more by the compromising style in the public sector. Novelty/improvement: This research contributes to an in-depth understanding of the association of organizational performance with conflict management styles in the private and public sectors of Kosovo. It shows through a comparative approach that organizational performance improves drastically by selecting the appropriate style of conflict management. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2022-06-04-07 Full Text: PDF

Human resource planning in manufacturing enterprises

Enterprises in Kosovo are marking significant development steps by launching quality products and services in the national, regional and international market. In this context, the role and importance of human resources is indisputable, and with it their planning. Reaching international agreements, certification of enterprises with quality standards and increasing purchasing power in Kosovo, is influencing Kosovar enterprises to produce more and more for the domestic market, but also for the international market by increasing exports. The growth trend of Kosovar manufacturing enterprises is positive and based on the current situation, this research conducted through the survey aims to bring information about human resource planning in manufacturing enterprises in Kosovo as an instrument to achieve their goals for next year, but also for the future in general. The results of this research will be able to serve enterprise managers, state decision makers and educational institutions to deepen cooperation with businesses for even deeper research that will serve you for the design of study curricula as well as for the development policies of enterprises and institutions for the future.

THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON SMES PERFORMANCE DURING A PANDEMIC

The main purpose of the study is to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and working capital management practices on the performance of small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in Kosovo during the lock-in period. In addition, the aim of the study is to investigate how employee behavior affects the relationship between corporate social responsibility, working capital management and the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. A quantitative research method is used to obtain the necessary data. Respondents are employees of small and medium-sized businesses currently working in Kosovo, and surveys are mailed and in person. The PLS-SEM method was used to examine whether there is a statistically significant relationship between corporate social responsibility, working capital management practices, and SMEs performance. The relationship between corporate social responsibility, working capital management and financial success was investigated using a quantitative research method. The study found a significant correlation between corporate social responsibility (CSR), working capital management practices and the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kosovo. The data also showed that employee behavior plays a mediating role in the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), working capital management practices and the performance of small and medium enterprises in Kosovo, according to the results. Significant gaps in the work have been identified as a result of inconsistent application of financial criteria by businesses that define sustainability. In addition, the study contributes to the preservation of enterprise valuation standards by providing guidance for small business owners and operators.

The Impact of Digital Marketing and Digital Transformation on Brand Promotion and Brand Positioning in Kosovo’s Enterprises

Digitalization is very important for every company in today’s fierce competition. The development of Information Technologies has helped companies change means of reaching their clients and changing their working practices. The paper tries to assess digital marketing (DM) and digital transformation (DT) techniques that impact enterprises in Kosovo in the process of their brand promotion and brand positioning using google analytics, social media, e-commerce, search engines, mobile apps, or other digital channels. DT is profoundly important to every company, yet the correlation between DT, brand promotion, and brand positioning for Kosovo’s enterprises has not been researched a lot. With the DT, many companies are redefining business procedures and marketing strategies. The research will collect data using a survey with 150 companies generated by the Kosovo Business Registration Agency. Partial Least Square is used to analyse the collected data. Structural Equation modelling is used to assess the relationship between exogenous and endogenous variables used in the research proposed model. A moderation effect is used to test whether COVID-19 or the company's size is linked to the usage of DM and DT. The results are expected to reveal that DM and the digitalization process of enterprises affect brand promotion and brand position. The findings also imply that social media are widely used relative to other marketing channels. Companies that use DM and invest more in technology have better chances to promote and position their brands.
 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT DEVELOPMENT IN MICRO AND SMALL ENTERPRISES

The HRM development takes on particular importance as it is considered to be an organizational function that promotes and creates space for creativity, innovation, speed, efficiency and effectiveness, thus transforming the workforce into a precious asset to the organization. In this research we investigate to what extent parts of modern HRM policies are mostly implemented in Micro and Small enterprises in Kosovo and how do they impact efficiency of the businesses and their workers, we have developed and implemented some questionnaires related to the important variables of this issue. Businesses should be able to provide competitive advantages in the market, successfully cope with the rapid advancement of technology, the effects of globalization, and the need to have an effective and efficient workforce to better fulfil their economic objectives. The HRM has its role in lifelong learning and development of employees, employee relations with co-workers and management, human relations, as well as motivation of employees. The development of HR practices has an impact not only on the economic development of an organization but also on the creation of positive effects on a country’s economic and social development. This paper has basically descriptive and analytical research. The overall conclusion of the paper is that the efficient management of human resources has an impact on the development of the private business sector, and is positively related with increases in the efficiency of the employees and the firm, therefore the need for human resources management in private businesses is necessary and essential.

The Role of Social Networks as a Tool for an Effective Recruitment Process in the Enterprises in Kosovo

This paper focuses on the determinants of the impact of social networks on the recruitment process in Kosovar enterprises, concluding that the main factor of that impact is the quality of information, cost benefits, and timeliness. Another factor of particular importance is the competitive advantages social networks provide with respect to efficiently attracting suitable candidates to recruit through their unified data processing speed.
 The managers interviewed in this study provided evidence that recruitment using social networks is faster than with traditional methods. Social networks enable firms to quickly and easily access applicants from all over the world easily at a low cost. Social networks provide in-depth discussions to understand the views and opinions of both parties in the recruitment process. The information provided by social networks on the personal and professional life of the potential job candidate makes social networks an important tool for recruitment

The impact of Covid-19 on economic aspects of business enterprises

Apart from causing a global pandemic, COVID-19 has also affected many industries worldwide, causing the economic position of businesses to weaken. This study provides an empirical assessment of the impact of COVID-19 on the economic position of micro, small, medium, and large business enterprises in Kosovo. While COVID-19 has been detrimental to many businesses, many of them have adapted to the possibilities, created by the new situation. Our findings indicate that almost all enterprises have reported a financial loss, and more than one-third have laid off employees. More than one-half of the enterprises have changed product delivery methods, and more than one-third have reorganized and changed their organizational structure. Meanwhile, around one-sixth of enterprises have changed their primary activity and have declared the need for new employees. Furthermore, surveyed enterprises have reported issues in retaining applicable contracts, supply of materials, trust in supply chain partners, and product placement, among others.

Challenges of Kosovo Micro Businesses

The challenges that micro-businesses face during the lending process are numerous. Loans are with high-interest rates. There is a lack of loans with low-interest rates that would stimulate the growth of local businesses. On the one hand, the local business faces various trade barriers such as export in the regional market and EU countries, although Kosovo is a signatory to the CEFTA agreement. On the other hand, there is a lack of institutional support, which not only does not support the stimulation of exports but also within Kosovo makes the local business non-competitive about importers of goods. Interest rates are reduced to 2-3% on an annual basis. Increase the repayment period of loans (long-term loans) for capital investments. Allow the grace period at the beginning of the investment as well as have variable payments based on business income. Reduce bureaucracies when taking loans, reduce the demand for collateral by banks when taking loans. Reduce the business tax rate. Reduce unloyal competition and the informal economy that hurts local business. To stimulate start-up businesses, to support projects especially in the field of informatics. Start-up businesses are not so much supported by banks in Kosovo. Increase women's participation in business, through support, because they make up about 13% of businesses operating in Kosovo. It is intended that the participation of women in business will reach 50%. Make greater support of micro-businesses because these businesses can grow and develop and employ a large number of employees. Microbusinesses in Kosovo make up about 98% of enterprises in Kosovo. Establish a development bank that would support local business and create better facilities and conditions for foreign investors.

Level of Implementation of International Accounting Standards by Large Enterprises in Kosovo

Level of Implementation of International Accounting Standards by Large Enterprises in Kosovo