Enterprise Production Research Articles

Group technology empowering optimization of mixed-flow precast production in off-site construction.

Faced with immense pressure to reduce environmental impact, off-site construction (OSC) is considered a sustainable alternative to conventional practices. However, challenged by component diversity and a significant surge in demand, deficient or empirical-based scheduling management struggles to effectively harness the potential of mixed-flow precast production to improve efficiency, instead resulting in environmental impacts, and falling short of expected benefits in OSC projects. Therefore, this study addresses the conflict between efficiency and environmental impact arising from the application of mixed-flow precast production by integrating multi-objective optimization and group technology. A multi-objective optimization framework is proposed, incorporating grouping technology for mixed-flow precast production scheduling and aiming to minimize carbon emissions and reduce tardiness/earliness penalty. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), adjusted by adaptive population initialization strategy and group technology, is introduced to solve this problem, striking a balance between sustainability and penalty costs. Through a real-case analysis, the proposed approach demonstrates an average reduction of 37.5% in carbon emissions compared to rule-based scheduling methods, a 30.1% reduction compared to previous research methods, along with over 10% reduction in tardiness/earliness penalty. This study enhances environmental benefits and efficiency from a production scheduling perspective and establishes an automated, practical method, fostering low-cost, high-efficiency green production for construction component enterprises, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises, thereby promoting sustainable development in the construction industry.

Mathematical scheduling model of complex industrial process combining swarm intelligence algorithm and swarm dimension reduction technology

The swarm intelligence algorithm is widely used in scheduling problems due to its superior searchability and adaptability, but it faces high computational costs and low efficiency when dealing with high-dimensional complex data. To enhance the handling of large-scale and intricate data, as well as enhance the accuracy and efficiency of scheduling, this study develops a mathematical model for industrial scheduling. The model is based on swarm intelligence algorithms such as symbiotic evolution algorithms, grey wolf algorithms, cuckoo algorithms, population dimensionality reduction techniques, and resource optimal allocation calculation methods. The final test results showed that the accuracy of the model in calculating the objective function was about 80 % in cases of high complexity and about 90 % in cases of low complexity. Compared with other algorithms, its accuracy was improved by 7 %, error rate was reduced by 50 %, time cost was reduced by about 30 %, and conversion rate was fast and more stable on average after 200 generations. The experimental results indicate that the proposed mathematical scheduling model, which integrates multiple intelligent algorithms and population dimensionality reduction technologies, has certain practices and feasibility in large-scale and multi-dimensional production for enterprises. This study combines swarm intelligence algorithms with population dimensionality reduction techniques, which is an innovative attempt at complex industrial scheduling problems.

Energy price uncertainty, environmental policy, and firm investment: A dynamic modeling approach

Environmental quality is closely related to the production and investment behavior of enterprises, which depends on the discounted future cash flows that are affected by energy price uncertainty. Meanwhile, with the increasing awareness of environmental protection, environmental policies have been introduced to restrict firm investment choices. However, the role of environmental policy has received less attention in the previous research on energy prices and firm investment. Therefore, this paper develops a dynamic firm investment model that incorporates energy price uncertainty and environmental regulation and makes the following predictions. First, ceteris paribus, energy price uncertainty negatively impacts firm investment. Second, environmental regulations mitigate this negative impact of energy price uncertainty. Third, the mitigating effect of environmental policy is greater in pollution-intensive industries. This paper merges the micro-data on A-share listed firms in China between 2004 and 2018 with the macro-data on energy prices and environmental regulation. The empirical results align with the theoretical predictions. The robustness tests, including instrumental variables, alternative measurements, and estimation methods, validate the baseline findings. These theoretical and empirical findings yield important implications for policymakers.

Technical assistance and verticalization of production in cooperative enterprise of family farmers

Technical Assistance is one of the bases for public policies to encourage production and reduce costs in family farming. Understanding this guided the action research carried out by teachers and students from IFMT, Campus Várzea Grande, MT, Brazil, together with a milk processing cooperative, COOPERGRANDE. The objective was to present the importance of public technical assistance for the verticalization of milk production, which could reduce the cooperative's transaction costs, by expanding ties between the cooperative and its members, strengthened by close relationships. The methodology used was action research and the results obtained demonstrated that technical assistance, as a public policy, offered by EMPAER, is deficient, mainly due to lack of government investment. It is concluded that the objective was partially achieved, because despite the trust established between the cooperative members and the team of teachers and students, there was an absence of local public authorities in the training and monitoring carried out by the interveners.

Corporate digital transformation and safety production performance: empirical evidence from A-share listed companies

ABSTRACT This paper examines the influence of enterprise digital transformation on safety production performance. Our results indicate that digital transformation significantly improves the safety performance of China’s listed enterprises. Furthermore, a series of cross-sectional analyses confirm that the effect of digital transformation on safety production performance is more prominent not only in regions with higher levels of marketisation and stronger enforcement of safety production systems but also in markets with higher competition and stronger supervision. Moreover, the proposed effect is also more significant in corporations with higher capital intensity and lower financing constraints. The mechanism tests reveal that digital transformation improves the quality of internal control and optimises corporate innovation, thereby improving the safety production performance. Our findings highlight the impact of digital technology application on enterprise production safety performance, serving as a valuable reference for promoting the development and implementation of digital technologies in the field of production safety.

Approaches to accounting for random events in the modeling of production processes of production and logistics systems of machine-building enterprises

The paper considers approaches to the analysis and prediction of the state of production and logistics systems of machine-building enterprises. The main groups of random events that occur during the operation of production and logistics systems and can have a significant impact on the implementation of the production program are systematized. Simulation modeling systems are analyzed: AnyLogic, Plant Simulation, PlantTwin. The functional capabilities of simulation modeling systems for setting random events are considered. A comparison of simulation modeling systems is carried out by the method of setting the distribution of a random variable and by the possibilities of accounting for random events.

Інформаційний менеджмент у малому та середньому бізнесі

The current state of small and medium-sized businesses in Ukraine depends on the stability of the economic situation, the availability of a favorable tax and regulatory environment, the availability of financing, competition in the business environment, the pace of technological development and the sufficiency of qualified personnel in the labor market. The aim of the article is to study the role and analyze the impact of information management to support small and medium-sized businesses. On the basis of the carried out research, the main objectives of information management have been allocated and characterized, the influence of each factor on the indicators of efficiency and productivity of enterprise has been considered. It has been established that proper work with information is a crucial element for the success and sustainability of any organization or enterprise. Information problems can have serious consequences for a business’s operations, so it is important to pay due attention to information management and ensure that data is processed and protected effectively. This process contributes to effective management, informed decision-making, increased competitiveness, and information security. The article develops recommendations for further elaboration of information systems at small and medium-sized enterprises related to ensuring security and data protection, optimizing internal processes and improving the system of data collection and processing. The future development of information management will be characterized by the introduction of advanced technologies, improved data protection and privacy, real-time analysis, and the provision of mobility and teamwork.

Інтегральний підхід до логістики постачання, виробництва та дистрибуції на основі формалізації логістичних бізнес-процесів

The article considers the problem of integration of logistic business processes of supply of resources (logistics), production and distribution at an industrial enterprise. The aim of the article is to develop an integrated system of logistic management of a production enterprise on the basis of a study of the mechanism for managing the material flow. As a result of the study, the principles of building a logistic system for integrated management of purchasing, production and distribution logistics of enterprise have been formulated and an integrated management scheme has been elaborated, in which complexes of tasks at certain levels of management have been allocated. At the upper level of management is the distribution of the quarterly production program by months, taking into account production capacities based on the principle of specialization of production in time. At the middle level of management – drawing up interrelated plans and schedules of logistics, manufacture and shipment of finished products. At the lower level of management – the compilation of shift-daily tasks on the basis of operational planning of the work of workshops, sites and individual workplaces. When drawing up interrelated calendar plans-schedules for the release and shipment of products, decisions are made that simultaneously meet the requirements of production and the conditions for the sale of products. These decisions are the basis ones for further specification of them by production units of the enterprise. The proposed scheme provides for communication along a closed loop of the logistic system of integrated management: planning, accounting, control, regulation. To solve problems at all levels of enterprise management, it is advisable to use modern software systems, such as SAP ERP, Oracle Supply Chain Management, Microsoft Dynamics 365 Supply Chain Management, Infor SCM, Plex Manufacturing Cloud.

МАРКЕТИНГОВЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧНОГО РИНКУ УКРАЇНИ

The article presents a marketing research of the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine. It was determined that the marketing research of the prospects for the development of the pharmaceutical market in the new socio-economic conditions is extremely relevant, both directly for the manufacturers of the pharmaceutical industry, the population – consumers of drugs, and for the Ukrainian economy. Based on the results of the research, it was established that the consolidation and expansion of the pharmaceutical business are necessary conditions for survival and development in the conditions of martial law, fierce competition and the growth of costs aimed at scientific research, development and establishment of an effective sales system. The structure of the pharmaceutical market, which consists of the retail market of pharmaceuticals and the hospital segment, is analyzed. It was determined that the creation of products with high added value and significant employment of the population are important features of the pharmaceutical industry. The pharmaceutical industry provides high-skilled jobs in the context of direct employment, contributes to the creation of many ancillary jobs and the dissemination of knowledge. Employment growth in the pharmaceutical industry is to some extent due to higher wages compared to other industries. The structure of the consumption of pharmaceutical products, which consists of the consumption of prescription and non-prescription drugs, was studied. The volumes of production and sales of pharmaceutical products were analyzed. It was determined that one of the most important and socially acute problems of the development of the modern Ukrainian pharmaceutical industry is the problem of drug pricing. The main problems faced by the pharmaceutical market in today's conditions are revealed, namely: damage or even destruction by missile attacks of the production and storage capacity of pharmaceutical enterprises; low purchasing power of the population; large migration of the population who were potential consumers of pharmaceutical products; power outages; the importation of large volumes of humanitarian aid into the territory of Ukraine.

Методи прийняття багатоцільових рішень щодо управління транспарентністю розвитку підприємств в умовах конвергенції інвестиційних процесів

It is determined that one of the priorities in any national economy is the problem of forecasting and assessing the level of transparency of development, quality and reliability of functioning of industrial enterprises, their technological and economic subsystems. This has a direct impact on the level of investment, the nature of financing, the distribution of costs for the production of finished products with the achievement of a given quality and reliability, as well as on the financial condition and image. In addition, it has a direct proportional effect on the well-being of society and the quality of life of the population. On the other hand, investing in the real sector of the economy requires banks and other investors not only to optimize investment programs, but also to take into account the specifics of financial, production, economic and socioeconomic activities of industrial enterprises as market participants, and, accordingly, application of models that appropriately link investments with sales policies, production, management, staff, location of production facilities, taxation, etc. It is concluded that the positive level of management of transparency of development of industrial enterprises in the context of convergence of investment processes is inseparable from the processes of planning, regulation, control and forecasting of production and technological processes, as well as the allocation of resources in the process of performing certain complex tasks. Determining the optimal options for current and future development is often associated with solving large-dimensional optimization problems with a large number of different conditions and constraints (for example, requirements for the completeness of variables combined with requirements for the absence of time losses), which, due to their extreme nature, complicate the solution of such problems. Effective methods for optimizing multi-purpose investment decisions in managing the transparency of the development of industrial enterprises in the context of convergence of investment processes include methods for analyzing the usefulness of goals, criteria and alternatives, including those with several vectors; methods of hierarchy of goals, taking into account a number of advantages; information about the chosen strategy, alternatives, their parameterization, stochasticity, substitution ratios, and other characteristics. All these factors can be taken into account for the classification of models of multi-purpose and program-target solutions and the use of the most effective of them when choosing the optimal investment solution in managing the transparency of the development of industrial enterprises in the context of convergence of investment processes.

Digital transformation and total factor productivity in oil and gas enterprise Mediating effects based on innovation performance

The research sample for this study consists of oil and gas enterprise listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares in China from 2013-2022. The results of this study empirically examine the impact of digital transformation (DT) on total factor productivity (TFP) of oil and gas enterprise and its internal mechanisms using stepwise regression analysis. Additionally, innovation performance (IP) partially mediates this effect. After a series of tests, the above conclusion still holds true.

DIRECTIONS OF STATE SUPPORT TO DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES DURING WAR

The article examines the directions of state support for domestic enterprises in the conditions of the war in Ukraine. The dynamics of changes in the number of economic entities of Ukraine during 2012–2021 have been analyzed. The influence of the full-scale invasion on the development of domestic business has been determined, as well it has been determined that about 50% of Ukrainian companies stopped working on the market, 29% of them completely suspended their activities (in particular, those companies that were located in the temporarily occupied territories). The list of the main actions of the Ukrainian government to support business during the war has been characterized. It has been determined that starting from 2014, the income tax was reduced by 5% compared to 2011, which had a stimulating effect on the development of Ukrainian businesses and investment in the development of production and labor resources of enterprises. The main changes to the payment of taxes in Ukraine (including personal income tax, value-added tax, excise duty, single tax, and single social contribution) have been considered.

Прогнозирование развития обрабатывающей промышленности Урала в условиях нарастания внешних финансовых рисков

The article is devoted to the current problem of industrial development in the context of increasing external financial risks. A significant share of the production of Russian industrial enterprises is focused on exporting their products. Restrictions on foreign trade and sanctions may lead to threats to the implementation of planned product output on international markets. External financial threats to industry also include declining foreign investment and limited access to advanced technologies. The object of the study is industrial enterprises of the Ural Federal District, operating in conditions of increasing external financial risks. The purpose of the study is to construct a forecast for the industrial development of the Urals based on a simulation model that takes into account the influence of both internal growth factors and external financial risks. The fulfillment of this goal predetermines the solution of the following tasks: to determine the conditions and factors for the competitive development of industry in modern conditions; identify key indicators reflecting the dependence of industry on external and internal factors; build an exponential econometric model for forecasting the development of regions of the Ural Federal District in the context of the implementation of external financial risks – a reduction in imports and foreign investment; to determine the conditions and factors for leveling external financial risks for industrial enterprises of the Urals The study used methods of statistical, comparative and structural analysis. To build the model, the multiple linear regression (MLS) method has been used. The work uses available data from the Federal Customs Service and the Federal Statistics Service for the period 2013-2020. As a result of assessing the parameters of the obtained regression models, the hypothesis about the significant average statistical impact of external financial threats (imports and foreign investments) on the manufacturing and mining production of the subjects of the Ural Federal District has not been confirmed. The results of the study can serve as a guide for further study of the impact of external financial risks on the development of regional industrial systems.

The formation of output capacity of industrial housing construction enterprises

The productivity of industrial housing construction enterprise (IHCE) is determined by its output capacity, reflecting the volume of construction products realized by it for a period. The output capacity of IHCE is based on its potential - the totality of all the resources available to the enterprise, which can be used by it in economic activity. Under the influence of various factors, the potential of IHCE is transformed into its input capacity. Input capacity reflects the maximum volume of construction products that IHCE can produce over a period. Being limited by the resource base, the input capacity of the enterprise is transformed into the resource capacity. Due to low workload, unfavorable probabilistic events and reasons related to economic management, there are losses of resource capacity, and the remaining part of it represents the output capacity. To increase the output capacity of the enterprise it is advisable to resort to the process method - based on the stages of the product life cycle of industrial housing construction enterprises to make a system of interrelated processes and consider the output capacity of each of them.

Адаптивний підхід до масштабування діяльності підприємства

In the conditions of the modern market economy, which is constantly transforming and changing, it becomes obvious for any enterprise to maintain its position in the market, ensure the proper level of competitiveness, its own economic potential, and expand the scope of its activities. The production and economic activities of enterprises should be constantly adjusted in accordance with the requirements of the external environment. This need is mainly due to the fact that changes in environmental factors will lead to a certain disproportion and imbalance between the enterprise and its operating environment. In order to minimize the negative impact of environmental factors and ensure positive dynamics of growth vectors, the enterprise, regardless of its current state, must adapt to the requirements of the existing market conditions and timely implement necessary structural changes in its activities. The aim of the article is to disclose and substantiate the essence of the adaptive system for managing the development of enterprise activities. For a timely response to changes in the external and internal environment, the measures taken by the enterprise in order to preserve the system of production and economic management, ensure the appropriate level of competitiveness, its own economic potential and expand the scope of activity in the market are to be determined. The factors of minimizing the occurrence of changes unfavorable for the current activities of the enterprise be identified. The formation of the enterprise’s own scale of activity, taking into account the components of the adaptive management system, is a complex and multi-level process. The scale of activity is a synthetic characteristic of the enterprise’s activity, therefore, in order to understand the deep essence of the relevant economic category, it is expedient to consider the components of the formation of the scale of activity by enterprises, which are also elements of the system of adaptive management at the enterprise. Prospect for further research in this direction is the development of a conceptual approach to the formation of the scale of enterprise activity, taking into account the components of the adaptive management system, which is due to the development of the main vectors and priority areas of economic activity of enterprise, the introduction of original innovative product conceptions, non-standard operational managerial decisions.

РИЗИКИ ТА ЗАГРОЗИ ЕФЕКТИВНОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНОГО МЕХАНІЗМУ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

The article analyzes various aspects of the formation and implementation of the logistics mechanism of the operation and development of the enterprise. The purpose of the study is to improve methodical approaches to identification, analysis and leveling of risks and threats to the effective functioning of the logistics mechanism of the enterprise. It is argued that the logistics mechanism plays one of the key roles in the production and economic activity of enterprises of the real sector of the economy, acting as a continuation of the technological component of business and its spread into the sector of distribution and consumption of products. It is shown that for enterprises that specialize in the production of products and promote them to the market, as well as importers and organizations of trade or distribution in the domestic market, logistics plays one of the decisive roles, implementing functions and tasks that are closely related to promotion, distribution and sale goods; thus, logistics serves as an intermediate link between the sectors of production (import) and retail sales of products, their consumption. Special attention is drawn to the challenges, risks and threats of building and effective functioning of the logistics subsystem of the economic entity. Thus, the object of the study is the improvement of methodical approaches to the identification, analysis and leveling of risks and threats to the effective functioning of the logistics mechanism of the enterprise. The basic elements of the risk management policy in the field of formation of the logistics mechanism of the functioning of enterprises have been determined. It is substantiated that the risk and threat management model of the logistics mechanism of the enterprise involves the implementation of a number of functions and tasks in such directions as protecting the interests of the enterprise from changes in the institutional-legal and institutional-organizational environment of logistics; ensuring control and proper efficiency of logistics and warehouse personnel; taking into account changes in the market situation and their impact on the volumes and economic efficiency of the enterprise, etc.

Open Hardware - Evaluation Criteria Concerning the Quality and Sufficiency of Technical Documentation

The multiple crises of our time bring new goals, such as circulating capability, longevity, and individuality, to the fore. Producing more locally at the point of need to approach the overarching goal of a circular economy is worthwhile. However, every physical materialization of an artifact precedes today, commonly a digital design process. The open design paradigm aims to make all product development information and documentation freely available. The result is Open (Source) Hardware, which can be distributed, developed, and used by anyone. The number of Open (Source) Hardware designs is constantly increasing; platforms bundle thousands of designs accessible to anyone interested. Public interest in using these designs is rising; unlike makers, they cannot compensate for missing details in the technical documentation with their skills. One solution is the production by multi-identitarian production networks close to the point of need. Even more complex value-adding tasks could be solved locally through cross-company production by various well-equipped small and medium-sized enterprises. However, inadequate technical documentation in such companies quickly increases costs and prevents economic materialization. The following approach aims to clarify whether Open (Source) Hardware is suitable for production in small and medium-sized enterprises. Criteria must first be derived to recognise systematic failures or gaps in the Open (Source) Hardware documentation. The evaluation criteria, based on international standards for technical documentation, were applied to assess 49 designs. This assessment was conducted by a group of experts, followed by a statistical analysis.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Coal Mine Production Safety Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation

In view of the potential safety hazards existing in the production and operation process of coal mining enterprises, through expert consultation and comprehensive investigation, sort out the relevant risk factors, establish the corresponding coal mine production risk evaluation index system, conduct fuzzy comprehensive evaluation by combining AHP and fuzzy mathematical evaluation method, and calculate the weight of each index and the risk level of coal mine production, Finally, through a case study of a coal mine in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the feasibility of the risk evaluation method is verified, which provides a theoretical basis for coal mine production enterprises to formulate risk management schemes and a reference for risk management of coal mine production industry.

To the question of forming the structure of technical service in Palestine

The article analyzes the existing system of maintenance and repair of vehicles in Palestine. The factors influencing the production and technical base of technical service enterprises are considered, and ways of its optimization are proposed in order to reduce the costs of maintaining the vehicle fleet. An algorithm for constructing a mathematical model is proposed to describe the studied organizational and technological processes and methods for forming the structure of car technical service. Keywords maintenance, vehicle repair, service system, optimization, factors, organizational and technological processes, scientific research, cost reduction

Evaluation of the portfolio of commercial products of a timber procurement enterprise with maximizing the use of raw materials

To date, it is possible to produce a large number of variants of finished wood products. At the same time, each type of product requires its own production process, raw materials and different costs. The cost of the products will also vary. In addition to the above, a large number of parameters affect the portfolio of marketable products being formed. They have different degrees of influence, which makes it difficult to form a list of effective products. The purpose of these studies was to conduct a factor analysis of the formation of a portfolio of commercial logging products. The method of factor analysis and expert assessments was applied to the research. To conduct a factor analysis, 14 factors were identified in three groups (technical and technological, raw materials, economic and legislative). To assess the influence of factors on the choice of a portfolio of marketable products, experienced employees of the engineering and technical direction of logging enterprises were invited. According to the calculations carried out in the framework of the research, the opinions of experts are consistent. According to the research results, the demand for products; the market price of products; defects of raw materials (9%), as well as the required level of personnel qualification; the cost of production; the cost of raw materials and the purchasing power of the population (8%) have the greatest influence on the choice of a portfolio of marketable products to maximize the use of raw materials. The obtained data is planned to be used to compile mathematical models and form rational technological chains of the logging process for natural, climatic and production conditions.