In recent years, with the proposal of the “One Belt, One Road” initiative, the domestic economy and its development have entered a new normal, which has promoted the determination and connection of the development strategies of various countries. It has brought new opportunities for the development of domestic enterprises. In this context, it has become a trend for Chinese enterprises to go international, especially in the construction industry; due to the good potential of the “Belt and Road” initiative, it is necessary to change and update from the traditional construction industry to modern construction industry. Therefore, how to promote the coordinated development of the construction company's resource management system, meet the needs of the company's own development, and adapt to the goals of internationalization and modern management have become a problem that people are very concerned about. The current domestic environmental situation is improving in part, but it is deteriorating in general. The harm caused by environmental pollution and damage is becoming more and more obvious. The construction industry is one of the national pillar industries, and it is also an industry with high energy consumption and high pollution. Based on this, this study first introduces construction enterprise management and resource optimization methods and integrates ecological environmental protection into enterprise operating cost management. Second, it establishes an enterprise-centric resource allocation model and optimization algorithm. An empirical study was carried out on the ecological management capabilities of three construction enterprises of different sizes, namely, Industrial Group, Group A, and Construction Enterprise B, and concluded that the overall level of environmental competitiveness of construction enterprises in my country is not high, among the environmental management and construction capabilities of enterprises. The standardization ability of ecological engineering construction is relatively weak, resulting in poor overall profitability of the enterprise, and the number of green suppliers does not meet the needs of ecological development. However, under the constraints of the ecological environment, construction enterprises compete with each other to control operating costs and at the same time affect the environment. At the same time, the allocation of resources by enterprises is also more conducive to the development of ecological civilization in the industry.