Enterprise Architecture Method Research Articles

Integrated Operational System Enterprise Architec-ture Designing Using TOGAF-ADM Method Case Study at PT. XYZ (Construction Company)

XYZ is a construction company that belongs to the civil sector of construction, especially in the field of water management and waterwaste management in private and public projects. In its journey, PT XYZ continues to grow following the development of existing technology. However, in its development in the implementation of information systems, it turns out that some of the main processes at PT XYZ are still carried out manually. So that problems arise and disrupt the business processes of PT. XYZ. These problems include problems with data integration, communication and loss of information due to certain things. Especially in processes that are still done manually such as warehouse and project management. From this problem, an analysis will be made that will identify the problem in detail with company XYZ. So the idea of developing an integrated operational system emerged that would be built according to the Enterprise Architecture (EA) method. EA can be analogous to when building a building, a model, design and design of the building is needed. These things are needed as models and foundations for the design. Similar to the implementation of information systems, before its development, the basis and foundation of the design are needed in the form of information system models or architectures. In this research, the EA method that will be used is TOGAF-ADM. This method was chosen because TOGAF ADM is a complex method that can meet all EA development needs, so it is used based on organizational needs.

Arsitektur Perusahaan Untuk Mendukung Transformasi Digital: Systematic Literature Review

This study aims to describe the development of studies on Enterprise Architecture (EA) in supporting Digital Transformation. The Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method was used to obtain 36,513 studies with manual searches in two databases, and finally 12 primary studies were selected with a time limit of 2018-2022. A total of seven issues/issues were identified and analyzed, namely EA support analysis, EA weakness analysis, Enterprise Architecture Management (EAM) benefit analysis, EA evolution, EA method development, and EA model development. EA's contribution is explained with a description of the problems / issues that have been identified, and the research sectors analyzed include Small and Medium Enterprises in Mechanical Engineering, manufacturing, health, and Small and Medium Enterprises in general, and some studies that do not limit their research sectors. The results show that studies on EA in supporting Digital Transformation have decreased in the last five years. Studies related to the benefits of EAM still show EA's weakness in supporting Digital Transformation. The limited research sector consists of SMEs and health. This review provides some guidelines for future researchers who want to research on this topic.

Transformation enterprise architecture method for company’s sustainable development

In the last decade, the scientific field of enterprise architecture has been formed and is actively developing. The study of enterprise architecture has become an important research task. In the article the authors managed to trace the connection between the architecture of the enterprise and the management of the social system. To consider the personnel as a part of the architectural approach. To apply typological analysis and personnel construction method to the architectural framework. Many organizations have ongoing challenges and are in constant search of synchronization of business goals and objectives and their information system development processes. Enterprise architecture is used to solve these problems. These problems reflect the need for research and change in the methods of management of social systems in the organization.

On enterprise coherence governance with GEA: a 15-year co-evolution of practice and theory

General Enterprise Architecting (GEA) is an enterprise architecture method which has emerged out of a need in practice, and has been developed and matured over the past 15 years. The GEA method differs from other enterprise architecture approaches in that it has a strong focus on enterprise coherence and the explicit governance thereof. This focus followed from the observed need to move beyond the Business-IT alignment and ‘Business-to-IT’ stack thinking that is embodied in most of the existing enterprise architecture approaches. The main objective of this paper is to report, and reflect on, the development of the GEA method (so-far), which involved a co-evolution between theory and practice. In doing so, we also present core elements of (the current version of) GEA, and illustrate these in terms of a real-world (social housing) case. We will, furthermore, also discuss some of the lessons learned in applying GEA across different organizations.

Banking Information System Study Through Enterprise Architecture TOGAF

The development of information technology has changed different views in Indonesian society today. In the era of the industrial revolution 4.0, all industries including the banking industry have implemented the latest Information Technology in accordance with the needs of the industrial revolution. One of the readiness strategies is to make changes to information technology planning based on Enterprise Archi- tecture. The Enterprise Architecture method of this research uses TOGAF (The Open Group Architec- ture Framework). The goal is to develop business architecture, application architecture, information architecture and technology so that they can adapt to the industrial revolution. The application of En- terprise Architecture needs to perform gap analysis and implementation strategies. Application system development does not need to be done totally, but there are several application systems that need to be changed. The application of Enterprise Architecture can be carried out starting from architectural de- sign, gap analysis to implementation strategies so that they are able to face the industrial revolution 4.0.

A Proposal of a Situational Approach for Enterprise Architecture Frameworks: Application to TOGAF

Enterprise Architecture (EA) frameworks have justified their efficiency to improve the enterprise functioning by providing a whole vision of an organization aligned to its strategy. However, these frameworks are often heavy and are not used integrally as they are not completely suitable for the situation at hand. To tackle this problem, we suggest using a component-based vision of EA frameworks. Our goal is to identify a set of EA components that could be used independently from each other and to use them depending on the context. This approach could be used to implement the whole EA method in an organization, to provide a progressive integration of different components, or to improve an existing EA by adding the lacking components. We called our proposal the SEA (Situational Enterprise Architecture) approach. In this paper, we propose a model to formalize EA components and illustrate this model with the TOGAF framework.

Application of Artificial Intelligence Technology in Power Grid Enterprises based on Enterprise Architecture Method

The rapid development of contemporary new information technology provides new opportunities and challenges for power grid enterprises. As a new technology with rapid development, artificial intelligence technology has begun to play an important role in related fields. Because of the complexity of power grid enterprise structure, how to realize the in-depth implementation of artificial intelligence has become the current concern of power grid enterprises. In order to solve the problem, the enterprise architecture method is used to deeply analyse the power grid enterprise architecture, and the application of artificial intelligence is clearly planned according to the architecture system level. Based on the planning of business category, application category, technology category and data category, artificial intelligence can be applied to complex power grid structure more thoroughly. Successful application cases of artificial intelligence in power grid enterprise are be used as an example analysis. The application of artificial intelligence technology in power grid enterprises, the efficiency and ability of enterprises, and the pace of energy transformation will be improved.

Application of organization goal-oriented requirement engineering (OGORE) methods in erp-based company business processes

Abstract The implementation of an information system that supports company goals is the main strategy of an organization. But aligning business strategies with information system(IS) and information technology(IT) is not as easy as it seems, because there are several gaps of strategies between upper level and practical level. Often the focus in system development is only on the architecture of the future system, even though the study says that the engineering model of needs is the most important thing in the process of developing the company’s system. PT. SBS is a distributor and supplier company. Along with the development of its business, business processes also become more complex. The information system that was originally felt to be sufficient is considered to be no longer optimal so that it often results in delays in delivery with a fairly large percentage. Therefore, an Enterprise Resources Planning(ERP) system will be developed but it must be ensured that the business processes used are oriented towards organizational goals. The purpose of this study is to introduce and explain the stages of the Organization Goal-Oriented Requirement Engineering (OGORE) method as a requirement engineering method in a company’s business processes that focuses on organizational goals. The research method was done by collecting business process data and defining key performance indicators(KPIs) in a small discussion group with stakeholders in the company. The results of this method were Goal Tree Model (GTM) diagrams which was then used as a reference in describing new business processes and in preparing the requirements specification documents. The conclusion obtained that the stages of the OGORE method are able to eliminate needs according to the organization’s goals. It is also recommended to use the OGORE method as one of the requirements management steps in the Enterprise Architecture method to create new method as an agenda for the future.

Automated Modeling with Abstraction for Enterprise Architecture (AMA4EA): Business Process Model Automation in an Industry 4.0 Laboratory

The transformation towards the Industry 4.0 paradigm requires companies to manage large amounts of data. This poses serious challenges with regard to how effectively to handle data and extract value from it. The state-of-the-art research of Enterprise Architecture (EA) provides limited knowledge on addressing this challenge. In this article, the Automated Modeling with Abstraction for Enterprise Architecture (AMA4EA) method is proposed and demonstrated. An abstraction hierarchy is introduced by AMA4EA to support companies to automatically abstract data from enterprise systems to concepts, then to automatically create an EA model. AMA4EA was demonstrated at an Industry 4.0 laboratory. The demonstration showed that AMA4EA could abstract detailed data from the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system and Manufacturing Execution System (MES) to be relevant for a business process model that provided a useful and simplified visualization of production process data. The model communicated the detailed business data in an easily understandable way to stakeholders. AMA4EA is an innovative and novel method that contributes new knowledge to EA research. The demonstration provides sufficient evidence that AMA4EA is useful and applicable in the Industry 4.0 environment.

ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE APPROACHMENT FOR DESIGNING IT MASTER PLAN BASED ON ERP FOR WATER UTILITY COMPANY

A comprehensive planning document that is written in the IT Master Plan has the purpose of addressing the company’s need and guiding the implementation process to minimize failure. But many IT master plan was not based on integrated and best practice adoption using ERP. The development of the IT master plan also does not use the proper enterprise architecture (EA) method. This research designed an IT master plan based on ERP using Enterprise Architecture approachment for water utility companies and adopt ERP best practice references model. The Enterprise Architecture’s method was TOGAF ADM from a prelim phase, requirement management phase, vision architecture phase, business architecture phase, and information system architecture phase. This research gave the results of 23 system recommendations named IT Integrated Solution for water utility companies which consist of 10 integrated applications, 8 ERP modules, and 5 ERP Industry Solution-Utility (IS-U) modules. To get a comprehensive IT Master Plan based on ERP, the water company needs to pay attention to other stages of TOGAF ADM. There needs to be a study to be able to validate the IT Master Plan, which has been developed.

Penggunaan TOGAF ADM 9.1 Pada Perancangan Enterprise Architecture Fungsi Layanan Beasiswa Universitas Kristen Maranatha

In Indonesia, which poverty rates reaching 9.82% in March 2018, education cost is a barrier for sections of societies with low household income. So that the availability of scholarships is a solution. Based on this, Maranatha Christian University provides tuition assistance in the form of scholarships for students with several categories, which are managed by Student Welfare Sector, under the supervision of the Directorate of Student Affairs. The problem in managing the scholarship is that there is no adequate system.
 The goal is this research is to design a business strategy and information system strategy to achieve harmony based on present and future needs. TOGAF Framework, the enterprise architecture method is chosen to provide an effective and efficient solution from the business architecture phase, information system architecture phase, and technology architecture phase. The result of this research is in the form of TOGAF ADM artifact, as the blueprint architecture and IT development recommendations that are expected to be a guide in the development of scholarship services at Maranatha Christian University.

A Rationale for the Choice of Enterprise Architecture Method and Software Technology in a Software Driven Enterprise

Enterprise architecture frameworks (EAFs) provide tools and methods to categorise, document and depict interrelationship between enterprise business processes, stakeholders and information classes. It explicitly documents information generation, processing and consumption pattern facilitating communication and management. But there is a confusing variety of EAFs for organisations to choose from. There is no explicit guidance or justifiable rationale available to choose an EAF over others. This paper provides a rationale and attributes based evaluation of popular EAFs and conclude superiority of Zachman framework (ZF) for a software-driven enterprise (SDE). Further, this paper surveys salient aspects of different software technologies and provide an assessment framework to compare them and conclude suitability of agent technology for realising information system infrastructure of an SDE. This work makes a provocative argument that many of the modern EAFs are not suited for an SDE due to their affiliation to software technologies that are found to has several limitations.

A rationale for the choice of enterprise architecture method and software technology in a software driven enterprise

Enterprise architecture frameworks (EAFs) provide tools and methods to categorise, document and depict interrelationship between enterprise business processes, stakeholders and information classes. It explicitly documents information generation, processing and consumption pattern facilitating communication and management. But there is a confusing variety of EAFs for organisations to choose from. There is no explicit guidance or justifiable rationale available to choose an EAF over others. This paper provides a rationale and attributes based evaluation of popular EAFs and conclude superiority of Zachman framework (ZF) for a software-driven enterprise (SDE). Further, this paper surveys salient aspects of different software technologies and provide an assessment framework to compare them and conclude suitability of agent technology for realising information system infrastructure of an SDE. This work makes a provocative argument that many of the modern EAFs are not suited for an SDE due to their affiliation to software technologies that are found to has several limitations.

Future Development of Taiwan’s Smart Cities from an Information Security Perspective

Smart cities are primarily based on information and communications technology development and applications across various academic subjects and domains. Integrating new-generation information and communications technologies, including the Internet of Things data collection, cloud computation, big data applications, and mobile network, smart cities organize the people and things of a city according to application needs to perform real-time computation and processing. Information transmission must be rapid and reliable to protect personal privacy and to secure data. All types of information security problems can lead to disastrous consequences; in particular, they pose great challenges to traditional information security systems. To explore possible solutions to the challenges that Taiwan’s smart city information security faces, this study used the enterprise architecture method and discussed the emphasis and investment capacity of the government and enterprises on information security. Moreover, this study reviewed correct methods of using a smart information security collaborative system to protect not only privacy, however also networks with a large attack surface; the purpose was to establish a reliable data sharing practice and alleviate the cascading effect of failures of smart networks. Finally, this paper provides future research directions for building smart cities and encouraging further explorations in this domain. It is hoped that smart cities can conduct overall planning for information security during the process of construction. Future researchers will be able to propose more effective solutions for smart city information security while developing information and communication technologies.

Specifics of projects in the area of Enterprise Architecture development

Dmitrij V. Koznov - Associate Professor, Department of Software Engineering, Saint Petersburg State UniversityAddress: 28, Universitetsky Prospect, Stary Peterhof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russian FederationE-mail: st008149@spbu.ruMaxim Yu. Arzumanyan- Assistant Professor, Department of Information Technologies in Economics,The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications;Smart Architects Ltd.Address: 22, Prospect Bolshevikov, St. Petersburg, 193232, Russian FederationE-mail: maxim.arzumanyan@gmail.comYury V. Orlov - General Director, Smart Architects Ltd.Address: 61A, Moyka, St. Petersburg, 191186, Russian FederationE-mail: yury.orlov@smartarchitects.ruMaxim A. Derevyanko - Engineer, Department of Information Technologies in Economics, The Bonch-Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications; Smart Architects Ltd.Address: 22, Prospect Bolshevikov, St. Petersburg, 193232, Russian FederationE-mail: maxim.derevyanko@gmail.comKonstantin Yu. Romanovsky - Senior Lecturer, Department of Software Engineering, Saint Petersburg State UniversityAddress: 28, Universitetsky Prospect, Stary Peterhof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russian FederationE-mail: k.romanovsky@spbu.ruAnastasia A. Sidorina -Student, Department of Computer Science, Saint Petersburg State UniversityAddress: 28, Universitetsky Prospect, Stary Peterhof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russian FederationE-mail: sidorina-nastia@mail.ru Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a discipline for business and IT system management, describing the fundamental artifacts of business and IT. Introducing EA activities in a company is done via special projects (referred to as EAMprojects). While much research focuses on EA as is, EAM projects are not yet considered properly. This paper deals with EAM projects as a special kind of IT project. The definition of an EAM project is suggested using the IT solution concept ofthe Microsoft Solution Framework. This is justified, since the EAM-software introduced in a company is the main result of a typical EAM project. Based on the definition of a work product in CMMI, this paper introduces the final delivery of an EAM project. In addition, domain specific modeling is used to describe EAM project delivery, since the most important partof EA is concepts and terms for describing business and IT in a company. To implement the language formed by these termsand concepts, an EAM tool is selected and customized (Mega, IBM System Architects, Aris, etc.), and additional software (i.e. Web-portal, integration scripts, etc.) is implemented. All of the EA principles and methods could be considered as guidelines for this software (EAM tool and additional software). Final delivery of an EAM project is divided into the following parts: method (domain specific language, EA method, EA process, integration, modeling results), technology (EAM tool, additional software, documentation), support and training. Using the concepts introduced in this paper, four EAM projects are analyzed. Lack of support of the EA method is identified as a common problem of these projects.

Kajian Perolehan Sertifikasi Profesi Internasional Bagi Lulusan Jurusan Sistem Informasi

Having a professional certificate in information systems and information technology fields means having the recognition for related skills and knowledge requested by the industry. Some countries and institutions have tried to bridge these needs by organizing conferences and seminars. Information systems department of Bina Nusantara University always tries to meet those needs. One effort is to introduce the Enterprise Architecture method initiated by Bernard for use in the course of information systems and information technology strategic planning. The results of this activity suggest that obtaining international certification requires the implementation of learning in a referenced standard. This approach is expected to accelerate the acquisition of professional certification for graduates majoring in information systems and technology.

A Modeling Framework for Analyzing the Viability of Service Systems

Recent research has explored the principles of service system viability based on systems inquiry invoking perspectives from Systems Theory and Cybernetics in particular Stafford Beer’s viable systems model (VSM). However based on Banathy and Jenlink (2004), Systems inquiry encompasses more than just Systems Theory and includes domains such as Systems Methodology and Systems Philosophy. Building on the extant literature, this work has the following particularities: 1) it is based on an explicit systems philosophy in which the authors explicitly define what they view as viability and, 2) it involves a systems methodological approach to either analyze the viability of a service system or to design a viable service system. This is achieved by means of applying a systems modeling technique called SEAM (Systemic Enterprise Architecture Method). SEAM rests upon systemic principles and embodies conceptualizations from VSM. The authors apply SEAM to concretely model a utility company in Geneva, Switzerland in order to gain an understanding of how a service system maintains its identity and remains viable in its environment.

Enterprise modeling using the foundation concepts of the RM-ODP ISO/ITU standard

Enterprise architecture (EA) projects require analyzing and designing across the whole enterprise and its environment. Enterprise architects, therefore, frequently develop enterprise models that span from the markets in which the organization operates down to the implementation of the IT systems that support its operations. In this paper, we present SEAM for EA: a method for defining an enterprise model in which all the systems are systematically represented with the same modeling ontology. We base our modeling ontology on the foundation modeling concepts defined in Part 2 of ISO/ITU Standard “Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing” (RM-ODP). This work has two contributions to enterprise architecture: the SEAM for EA method itself and the use of Part 2 of the RM-ODP standard as a modeling ontology.