Enterobius Vermicularis Research Articles

Mebendazole for Pinworm Infection in a Resident of a Facility for the Disabled

Mebendazole for Pinworm Infection in a Resident of a Facility for the Disabled

Prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated risk factors among primary school children in Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

Intestinal parasitic infections have become a global public health, and this burden is even higher among children in primary schools. Therefore, the study aims to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infection among primary school children in both public and private schools in Uyo urban was investigated. A cross sectional parasitological study consisting of 2000 school children 1000 each from five private and five public primary schools was carried out in Uyo metropolis. Structured questionnaire was used to obtained data on associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infection. Microscopic examination of stool specimen of children by wet mount and formol either concentration technique was used for parasitological analysis of faecal samples. The results implicate poor toilet facilities, contamination of sources of drinking water, poor environmental sanitation and children attitude of playing bare footed and poor personal hygiene as the major risks factors. The overall prevalence of 952 (47.6%) was recorded with 342 (34.2%) from private school and prevalence of 610 (61.0%) from public school out of 1000 pupil examined from each group of schools. The most dominance parasites were Ascaris lumbricoides (10.5%) Guardia intestinalis (8.9%) Ancyclostoma duodenales (8.9%) Entamoeba histolystica (10.5%) Trichuris trichuira (10.9), E coli (3.0%) Enterobius vermicularis (2.4%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (2.1%). There was corresponding decrease in infection rate as the age increase. There is an urgent need for government and school authorities to create and maintain better sanitary and toilet facilities in school.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections among Children Attending Some Schools in Amran Governorate, Yemen

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a global health issue among schoolchildren, with high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasite infections among schoolchildren in the Amran governorate, Yemen. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out among 200 schoolchildren aged 7–15 years between December 2021 and March 2022. The stool specimens were collected and the parasite species was detected according to standard laboratory methods. Results: The overall rate of parasite infection was 48%. Entamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent parasite among children (25%), followed by Giardia lamblia (13.5%), Entamoeba coli (12%), Enterobius vermicularis (10%), and Hymenolepis nana (6.5%). Furthermore, a higher infection was among males (57%), those aged 7 to 10 (45%), those whose parents had a basic education (60.7%), and those who consume unwashed vegetables and fruits (57.7%). Additionally, a higher infection was among those who do not wash their hands after defecation (57.7%) and individuals who maintain their nails (54.8%). Conclusion: As a result of the high prevalence of IPIs among the study's participants, environmental sanitation, personal hygiene, and health education are all required for promotion in order to avoid parasitic infection among children

Nutritional Significance and Parasitic Contamination of Vegetables: A Comprehensive Review

Vegetables are plants consumed whole or in parts. Furthermore, they have long been recognized as a significant source of sustenance. The current study reviews vegetables' nutritional attributes and health benefits. This paper also outlines the main parasites that cause vegetable contamination. Moreover, vegetable components, such as leaves, stems, roots, bulbs, seeds, and fruits, can be used to feed humans. In addition, they have relatively few calories to consume regularly. It also contains a lot of water and fiber. The World Health Organization advises consuming 400 grams of non-starchy veggies daily to enhance general health. Vegetables have an essential role in disease prevention and therapy. Their consumption lowers the risk of many cancers, regulates blood pressure and heart disease, avoids blocked arteries, fights obesity, improves cardiovascular health, improves skin health, and promotes digestive health. Nonetheless, vegetables are a major cause of foodborne diseases in both people and animals. It can, for example, constitute a route for the transmission of numerous parasites infections. For instance, they may be a route of transmission for various parasitic pathogens. Several investigations and study projects have documented the contamination of numerous kinds of vegetables with parasites that are liable for transmitting diseases, including Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium spp., Strongyloides spp., Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, Toxocara spp., Toxoplasma gondii, and plenty of others. Numerous hypotheses have been proposed to explain vegetable contamination with these parasites. Some of these include the use of contaminated water for irrigation, contamination from the soil, exposure to environmental factors like rain and wind, transmission by animals and insects acting as vectors for parasites, contamination during harvesting, processing, and storage, as well as during transportation of vegetables to markets. To mitigate these risks, it is crucial to enhance hygiene practices, promote education and awareness, and foster a clean culture. Additionally, using clean water and proper tools is recommended. Washing vegetables thoroughly before consumption reduces parasite-related infections.

Transverse Myelitis in the Setting of Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) Infection: Case Report

Myelitis is a rare inflammatory myelopathy, and known associated etiologies only account for a small number of causes. A significant percentage of cases have an unknown etiology and are considered idiopathic. With 64% to 68% of cases fitting into the idiopathic category, helminth infections, and specifically pinworm parainfections, should be considered in cases that would otherwise be classified as idiopathic. This case report outlines a pediatric patient diagnosed with myelitis given her progressive weakness, fussiness, refusal to bear weight as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrating T2-hyperintense signal and/or T1 gadolinium enhancement, and/or positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory markers. This patient had a negative evaluation for typical known etiologies for myelitis including no signs of multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder on brain MRI, oligoclonal banding and aquaporin-4 autoantibodies, and no evidence of bacterial or viral meningitis given normal cell counts and cultures in CSF. She was found to have a pinworm infection, suggesting a parasitic parainfectious etiology of her myelitis. This case outlines the first case noting the correlation between myelitis and pinworm infection in a pediatric patient.

The Influence of Inadequate Handling Conditions on the Prevalence of Parasites in Commonly Consumed Fluted Pumpkin Leaves (<i>Telfairia occidentalis</i>) in Delta State, Nigeria

Vegetables are crucial for a healthy diet; however, when not washed properly, they can act as carriers of protozoa cysts and helminth eggs/larvae, posing a risk of transmission. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of parasitic contamination of fluted pumpkin promoted by inadequate handling conditions in Delta State, Nigeria. Samples of Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin vegetables) were collected from Effurun town and Otokutu local markets in washed and unwashed conditions and examined for parasitic contamination. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-economic factors associated with parasitic contaminations on vegetables. The vegetable samples were examined using the simple sedimentation concentration method. The educational status of the vendors was ascertained, and 75% of the vendors had secondary school education, while 25% had primary school education. Four hundred seventyeight parasitic contaminants were recovered from the 48 vegetables samples. The species and stages of parasites detected were Trichuris spp, Moniezia spp, Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Strongyloides spp, Hookworm eggs, Strongyle eggs Strongyloides stercoralis larvae, Schistostoma spp, Platynosomum fastosum and Eimeria spp. Fifty per cent (50%) of the produce was not washed, while 50% of the produce was washed before displaying by the retailers. The result from the paired t-test revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) in total parasitic contamination between washed and unwashed vegetable samples from both Effurun and Otokutu markets. This study showed that handling conditions of washing and the environment where vegetables are sold can influence the amount of parasitic load. Therefore, adequate washing and proper handling of raw edible vegetables before consumption are recommended. The government must create awareness and educate vegetable vendors about the importance of proper handling and hygiene, as they can play a major role in mitigating public health issues.

The Histopathological Findings in Appendectomy Specimens in an Iranian Population.

Appendicitis is one of the most common causes of acute abdominal surgeries. The importance of parasitic etiologies in the pathogenesis of appendicitis is not well known in appendectomy specimens on a large scale in southwestern Iran. The current study aimed to retrospectively assess the demographic data and histopathological records of appendicitis in a 28-year period in Fars province, southwestern Iran. Histopathological records of 13,013 patients who had undergone surgeries for appendicitis at Dr. Ali Shariati Hospital, affiliated with the Fasa University of Medical Sciences from December 1993 to January 2021 were reviewed and data concerning the patients' demographic data and histopathological records were retrieved from each record. More than 6800 archived microscopic glass slides were also reviewed. From a total of 13,013 histopathological records of surgical excisions of appendicitis that were reviewed over a 28-year period, 8,189 (62.9%) were male and 4,842 (37.1%) were female. Patients' age ranged from 2 to 98 years, with a mean age of 24.68±19.87 years. The most common inflammatory changes were 5,687 (43.7%), 1,228 (9.4%), 670 (5.1%), 522 (4%), and 363 (2.8%) cases of acute appendicitis, suppurative appendicitis, early acute appendicitis, gangrenous appendicitis, and perforated appendicitis respectively. Microscopically, no viral inclusions, fungal elements, and histopathologic findings of bacterial causes were found. Parasitic infections such as helminthiasis were detected in 74 (0.6%) cases aged from 6 to 63. Enterobiasis (Syn. oxyuriasis, pinworm infection) accounted for 73 (98.6%) of the 74 helminthiases, while ascariasis accounted for 1 (1.4%). Out of 74 cases, 29 (39.2%) showed evidence of appendicitis. The results suggest that although parasitic agents are minor causes of appendicitis, these agents should be kept in mind during differential diagnosis. However, whether every parasitic infection leads to appendicitis is controversial.

A large-scale study on the prevalence of intestinal parasites in patients referred to medical laboratories in Urmia, Northwest Iran

IntroductionIntestinal parasitic infections (IPIs), caused by helminths and protozoans, are among the most prevalent infections in humans in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of IPIs in patients referred to three educational and medical centers affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences in Urmia.Materials and methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 2845 stool samples, including 2174 (76.4%) males and 671 (23.6%) females, were collected from patients referred to Imam Khomeini and Shahid Motahhari hospitals and Shahid Nikkhah Health Center in Urmia, Northwest Iran, from January 2020 to February 2022. The microscopic examination for IPIs was carried out using the wet mount method, and the hard-to-identify samples were stained by trichrome for accurate identification of protozoa. For diagnosis of infections by coccidian parasites modified Ziehl-Neelsen (mZN) staining was used.ResultsBased on the results, two hundred nine intestinal parasites were identified in 184 out of 2845 (6.5%) patients of which 136 out of 2174 males (6.3%) and 48 out of 671 females (7.2%) were positive. Some patients had tested positive for multiple protozoa. The observed intestinal protozoa are as follows: Blastocystis spp. 118 (4.1%), Endolimax Nana 42 (1.5%), Entamoeba coli 24 (0.8%), Giardia lamblia 13 (0.5%), Cryptosporidium spp. 6 (0.2%), Iodamoeba butschlii 3 (0.1%), Chilomastix mesnili 2 (0.1%), and an accidentally detected helminthic infection Enterobius vermicularis 1 (0.05%).ConclusionAccording to the results, the most prevalent IPIs in West Azerbaijan Province are caused by Blastocystis spp., and Giardia lamblia. Most intestinal protozoa observed in the study were nonpathogenic and commensal, which shows water or food contamination in the area. Thus, medical technologists in the parasitology section must be trained and aware of IPIs in medical laboratories.

Prevalence and Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Parasitosis Among the People of Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Gastrointestinal parasites play crucial roles in mortality and morbidity. They are most prevalent in rural areas. Parasitosis affects all age groups. Inchildren, it causes slow mental and physical growth, produces long-term effects, leads to a deficiency of vital nutrients, and hampers growth and development.This prospective study aimed to assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitosis in stool samples among the people of Uttarakhand, especially of Dehradun,from January 2017 to January 2018. To identify intestinal parasites, 1528 samples were examined for consistency and the presence of any parasitic particlesusing the visual, direct wet mount, and concentration methods. The SPSS statistical program was used to conduct the statistical analysis. Differences with a pvalueof less than 0.05 were considered significant. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection rate was 32.85%. The prevalence of the parasites wasin the following order - Giardia lamblia (29.48%), Entamoeba histolytica (20.91%), Ascaris lumbricoides (18.52%), Hymenolepis nana (7.96%), Trichuris trichiura(7.56%), Taenia sp. (7.17%), Strongyloides stercoralis (5.97%), Ancylostoma duodenale (2.19%), and Enterobius vermicularis (0.19%). The chi-square test (χ2 – 30 andP-value = 0.224) was insignificant, while Levene’s test was significant (F = 10.08, P-value = 0.008) of A. duodenale in both genders. Parasitosis of high levels wasdetected among the children. Health education, personal hygiene, and safe drinking water would reduce infection. However, designing specific controlmeasures requires proper identification. The present study may prove helpful for developing such measures for Uttarakhand in general and Dehradun inparticular.

Enterobius vermicularis (Pinworm) Appendicitis: The Real Vermiform Appendix.

Enterobius vermicularis is the most common helminthic infection in the United States, infecting an estimated 40 million persons. A rare complication of E. vermicularis infestation is appendicitis. The diagnosis must be considered during pathologic examination to ensure appropriate treatment with anti-helminthic therapy.

Prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections among pregnant women in Taiz Governorate, Yemen: A hospital-based study.

Intestinal parasitic infections in pregnant women have been associated with severe adverse outcomes such as anemia, low birth weight, and mother and fetus morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection and its associated risk factors among pregnant women in Taiz, Yemen. A cross-sectional study was conducted between July 2022 and January 2023. Sociodemographic and other explanatory variables were obtained via face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. The wet-mount and formol-ether concentration techniques were applied to identify the IPIs. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20, and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. An analysis of descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression was conducted. A p-value < 0.05 was deemed statistically significant. The study included a total of 393 pregnant women. Of the 393 pregnant women screened for intestinal parasites, 144 (36.6 %) had at least one parasite. The most common intestinal parasite was Giardia lamblia (12.2 %), followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (10.9 %), Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (7.4 %), Enterobius vermicularis (14.3 %), and Hymenolepis nana (1.8 %). Being a farmer (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.69-4.26, p = 0:003) and drinking from unsafe water wells, streams, rain, and dams (AOR = 2:6, 95% CI: 1.68-4.25, p ≤ 0:001) were significantly associated with IPIs. Pregnant women in the study area still face a severe health burden due to intestinal parasitic infection. Therefore, it is recommended that health education should be improved, and safe tap water should be provided to pregnant women to reduce the incidence of IPIs.

Parasitic Contamination of Naira Notes in Circulation Within Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

The study focused on the investigation of parasitic contamination of naira notes in circulation within Yenagoa metropolis, Bayelsa State. A total of 200 (25 each) naira notes of N5, N10, N20, N50, N100, N200, N500 and N1000 denominations were randomly collected from members of the public. Normal saline and Zinc Sulphate concentration techniques were used to isolate the parasites from the samples. The results from the laboratory analysis of the naira notes revealed that 52(26%) out of the 200 various denominations of the naira note was contaminated with one form of parasite or the other. The results further indicated that contamination was more on the #100 note (48), followed by #200 note (40%), #50 note (32%), #20 note (24%), #5 and #500 (20% each),while #10 and #1000 notes were the least contaminated (12% each). Among the various species of parasites identified, Ascaris lumbricoides and Enterobius vermicularis were most prevalent (26.9%) each, followed by Giardia lamblia (25%), while Entamoeba histolytica was the least prevalent (21.2%). Education and sensitization on the need to use wet pads or simply clean water instead of tongue wetting the fingers while counting money, putting of money into wallets and not on dirty surfaces, discouragement of spraying the naira notes on individuals during parties and proper hand washing with soap and water after using the toilet are recommended to reduce contamination of the naira notes.

Exploring the anthelmintic activity of Olea europaea L (Olive) leaves extract and oleuropein in mice naturally infected with Aspiculuris tetraptera.

Oxyuriasis, caused by the nematode Enterobius vermicularis, is one of the cosmopolitan intestinal infections of humans. Aspiculuris tetraptera commonly infects mice and it is morphologically similar to E. vermicularis. Parasitic resistance reduces the efficiency of synthetic drugs and poses economic impacts on the dairy sector, thus necessitating novel anthelmintic agents. Olea europaea L. (Olive) is a bioactive plant with potent pharmacological activities. However, its effects on oxyurids are poorly known, and no studies are currently exploring olives' anthelmintic potential. In this study, we investigated the pharmacokinetic behaviors of O. europaea leaves extract (OLE) and its phenolic compound oleuropein in mice infected with A. tetraptera, in comparison with Albendazole (ABZ), a standard drug used to treat parasitic worms. Fecal flotation method was used to identify the infestation with A. tetraptera eggs by examining the stool samples from mice. Infected animals were divided into 7 groups. 250 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg, and 1000 mg/kg doses of OLE, 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg doses of oleuropein, 10 mg/kg of ABZ and tap water were orally administered by gavage for 7 days during treatments. Drug efficacies and statistical differences between the treatments and controls were evaluated. Our results revealed 92.43 % efficacy of ABZ, similar to 92.19 % efficacy of 1000 mg/kg of OLE. At the same time, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg concentrations of OLE remained 70.03 % and 63.18 % effective in reducing worm counts. Efficacy percentages of 5 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg of oleuropein were 9.27 % and 70.56 %, respectively. Statistical analysis of ABZ was significant compared to 1000 mg/kg of OLE, which was almost equal but insignificant. In general, our results confirm the anthelmintic potential of OLE and oleuropein against mice pinworms and open the way for targeted extraction of bioactive compounds from plants to optimize its use in human and veterinary medicine.

PREVALENSI INFEKSI CACING USUS PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI DESA PED KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG

Background : Intestinal worms is still a health problem in Indonesia, intestinal worm infections are included in neglected disease, which means this disease has not received special attention from the sufferer. Ped Village, Klungkung Regency is an area with warm temperatures, sandy loamy soil, and clean water has not been reached. This factors raise the suspicion that in Ped Village, Klungkung Regency there is one or more species of intestinal worms, so it is very important to determine the prevalence of intestinal worm infections in elementary school students Ped Village, Klungkung Regency.&#x0D; Aims : To determine prevalence of intestinal worm infection in elementary school students in Ped Village, Klungkung Regency.&#x0D; Methods : This study uses a descriptive cross sectional method, where researchers will determine the prevalence of intestinal worm infection through fecal samples examined by the kato-katz method, intestinal worms are identified under a microscope with an objective magnification of 10x to 40x.&#x0D; Results : There were 139 respondents who met the inclusion criteria of the study, including 72 men and 67 women, from the results of laboratory tests, prevalence of intestinal worm infection was 0.7%. Infection occurs in male children with the worm species Enterobius vermicularis.&#x0D; Conclusion : The prevalence of intestinal worm infection was 0.7% in elementary school students Ped Village, the species found was Enterobius vermicularis in boys. The cause of this infection is thought due to environmental and personal hygiene factors which are still not well maintained in students.&#x0D; Keywords: Intestinal worm infection, prevalence, elementary school children, Ped village

Microscopic Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Gastrointestinal Disordered Patients in Wasit Province, Iraq

Background: Intestinal parasites (IPs) have been a big concern for low-income countries as they are the major cause of high morbidity and mortality. Aims: Identification the prevalence of IPs in gastrointestinal disordered patients, with estimation relationship of these pathogens to hematological and some epidemiological parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 individuals with a history of abdominal pain, anal itching, colic, diarrhea, dysentery, and nausea or vomiting were selected, and asked to obtain of fecal and blood samples. Traditional microscopic methods were used to detect the parasites; while, Automated Hematology Analyser was served for blood counting. Results: There were 59.5% positive patients with intestinal parasites; in which, 68.91% with single infection (particularly Entamoeba histolytica, Enterobius vermicularis and Giardia lamblia), and 31.09% with mixed infections (particularly Enterobius vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides as well as Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica). Concerning risk factors, significant higher values of positivity were showed in patients of 3-7 years old, males more than females, and in rural more than urban areas. Regarding hematology, insignificant variation was recorded between infested and non-infested individuals, but macrocytic type of RBCs was highly prevalent in infested individuals. Subsequently, macrocytic type was increased significantly prevalent in patients with Ascaris lumbricoides; while, normocytic and microcytic types were seen in Balantidium coli. In patients with mixed infections, macrocytic type was recorded significantly in patients having Enterobius vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides as well as in those having Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica; while, microcytic type was identified in patients with Enterobius vermicularis and Ascaris lumbricoides, and those with Enterobius vermicularis, Giardia lamblia and Balantidium coli. However, normocytic type was seen significantly in patients with Entamoeba histolytica and Balantidium coli; Entamoeba histolytica and Enterobius vermicularis; and Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica. Conclusions: The findings imply that intestinal parasites among gastrointestinal patients were prevalent as single or mixed infections. Age, sex and areas were related significantly with the existence of parasitic infection, in addition to the effect of these parasites on shape of RBCs. However, annual surveillance appears of great importance to detect the prevalence of intestinal parasites in different individuals.

Investigation of Parasites in Food Handlers in Turkey.

Increasing world population parallelly also brings an increase in food production and consumption. As food consumption increases, so do foodborne infections. In cases where adequate food safety and hygiene is not provided in places such as restaurants, dormitories, prisons, hospitals where mass feeding is made outside the home, many parasitic agents can be transmitted to people through food. People working in the food processing and distribution sector and who are in the position of porters play an important role in the spread of parasites, as they can transmit parasitic agents to food through fingernails and hands. Parasites such as Enterobius vermicularis, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia intestinalis can be transmitted to food and then to patients through nails and hands. This study was planned to investigate the presence of parasites in hospital food production and distribution workers, such as cooks and waiters, using various methods. Stool and serum samples were taken from 100 food production and distribution workers. Stool samples were examined by native-Lugol, concentration, trichrome, acid-fast staining, and cellophane tape methods. E. histolytica antigen in stool and Toxoplasma and Taenia antibodies in serum were searched by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parasites were detected in 59% people, and 41 were evaluated as negative. This positivity was 71.9% (23/32) in the 45-61 age range. Blastocystis sp. (27%), Toxoplasma (25%), E. histolytica (10%), Taenia spp. (7%), E. vermicularis (7%), Entamoeba coli (7%), G. intestinalis (5%), Chilomastix mesnili (1%), and I. butschlii (1%) were detected in food handlers. High Toxoplasma antibody positivity (25%) suggests the possibility of transmission to kitchen workers through ways, such as infected raw meat. However, the detection of E. histolytica, Taenia spp., E. vermicularis, G. intestinalis parasites in workers at significant levels poses a significant risk for society consuming these foods. As a result, it is important to investigate the presence of parasites in the employee dealing with food production and distribution to protect patients from parasitic infections especially in hospitals where the people are immunocompromised and more susceptible, and where mass meals are eaten.

PREVALENCE OF INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSON’S AND HOST COMMUNITIES IN MUBI NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

A study on the Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections was carried out among Internally Displaced Persons and the host community in Mubi North Local Government Area of Adamawa State. 400 stool samples were collected from three communities namely, Barama,Yelwa and Wuro Hande. The Stool samples was processed using formol ether concentration technique and examined under microscope for the cyst of parasites with the aid of identification manual..121 were infected with a Prevalence rate of (30.3%). Eight Parasites species were encountered namely, Ascaris lumbricoides(36.1%), Schistosoma mansoni (22.5%), Ancylostoma duodenale (12.6%), Entamoeba histolytica (5.3%), Hymenolepis nana (2.6%), Enterobius vermicularis (3.0%), Entamoeba coli (6.0%) and Giardia lamblia (7.0%.). Ascaris lumbricoides was the most prevalent parasite while Hymenolepis nana was the least encountered. Internally Displaced Persons were more infected (34.5%) compared to the host community (26.0%), though statistically not significant P&gt;0.05. Males were more infected among the IDPs (41.1%) than females 29.1%, while females (27.2%) were more infected than males (24.4%) in the host communities.. The study showed that infection was wide spread within the communities irrespective of settlement status. This could be attributed to poor personal hygiene, and indiscriminate dumping of waste, coupled with the challenges of portable water supply. There is the need for improvement in the availability of portable water supply and proper waste management in mubi and environs.

Monitoring of soil transmitted helminth (STH) Helminthiasis on school-age children in final garbage dump, Bantar Gebang, East Bekasi

The prevalence of helminthiasis in West Java is 13.9%, but there is no data on STH helminthiasis on school-age children in the final garbage dump (FGD), Bantar Gebang, East Bekasi, Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor STH helminthiasis on school-age children living around FGD. This study aims to determine the description of helminthiasis on school-age children who live in the FGD Bantar Gebang, Indonesia. This type of research is descriptive quantitative with a cross-sectional design. The sample in this study consisted of 79 stool children aged 5-9 years, 5 g of fly vectors from wet, dry, and soil were taken from 36 locations around the FGD. STH examination on stool, flies, and soil samples was carried out using the native, Harada Mori, flotation, and sedimentation methods. All data were analyzed using a descriptive approach to determine the percentage of the incidence of STH. The results of this study, among others, from 79 children there were six (7.60%) children infected with STH with the genus or species Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura. As for the 18 points of soil extraction, there were 12 (66.7%) positive points containing hookworm larvae, while the flies found were more dominant in Musca domestica than Chrysomya sp. with worm parasites attached to the fly's body are Ascaris lumbricoides, Diphyllobothrium latum. Enterobius vermicularis, hookworm, Hymenolepis sp., Schistosoma sp., Trichuris trichiura. The conclusion of this study is percentage incidence of STH helminthiasis on school-age children living in FGD Bantar Gebang is 7.60% which is in the low category.

A Case Report of an Appendicitis and Parasitosis

Appendicitis is a common clinical problem but is not specific to a parasite. A 43-year-old patient consulted for digestive troubles, mostly acute abdominal pain, in the right part. Taenia saginata was found in appendectomy. Different parasites were found in the histopathological evaluation of the appendix, mostly Enterobius vermicularis, but also Ascaris, Taenia, amoeba, and Schistosoma. Acute appendicitis was proven by submucosal fibrosis, active suppurative inflammation, and active granulomas surrounding eggs or larvae of parasites. However, parasites were detected by chance in uninflamed and histologically normal appendices or appendices with chronic inflammation removed during other surgical procedures. The role of parasites in the pathogenesis of acute appendicitis is unclear. An adapted antiparasitic treatment is always necessary after appendectomy following finding parasites.

A Study on Intestinal Parasites that Cause Diarrhea and Some of Physiological Effects on Children in Baghdad

Abstract &#x0D; In developing nations, such as Iraq, diarrhea is the main cause of sickness and mortalities in children under the age of five, Diarrhea is the augmentation of water content in stools because of an imbalance in the normal functioning of physiologic processes of the small and large intestine responsible for the absorption of various ions, other substrates, and consequently water. The most common cause of diarrhea is eating foods that upset the digestive system ,allergies and intolerances to certain foods (Celiac disease), malabsorption of food (poor absorption). Numerous infections, such as viruses, bacterium, and parasites, are responsible for its development. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency of intestinal parasite (IP) infections, kinds and it physiological effects on children under the age of five who had diarrheal diseases.&#x0D; Methods: A cross-sectional research study was carried out in Baghdad, Iraq (al mahmoudia and other Hospitals), between September 2021 and January 2023. The analysis comprised youngsters under the age of nine who attended healthcare facilities during the observation period and had diarrhea. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect demographic information and risk factors for intestinal parasite infections (IPIs). As per usual practices, single, fresh stool samples were used to check for IPs utilizing the direct wet mount investigation and Ziehl-Neelsen staining of formyl-ether concentrated specimens. SPSS software for Statistics version 20 was used to analyze the data.&#x0D; Results: 150 kids in all—32.67% boys and 67.3 girls participated in the investigation. In total, there were 41/150 IPs, or 27.3% of the population. In six youngsters (4%) there were two species of IPs found. Giardia lamblia was the parasite that was discovered the most frequently (8%), followed by Enterobius vermicularis (6.7%). After adjusting for other factors, the multivariable findings suggest that ≥age 24 months was a factor in IPIs (AOR=0.332, 95%CI: 0.094-0.465). Conclusion: This research discovered that children with diarrheal illnesses frequently had intestinal parasites. The Giardia lamblia genotype was the one that was found most commonly. Parents of young children ought to get health advice on how to avoid diarrheal infections generally and IPIs particularly.