Enteritis In Pigs Research Articles

Cathodic stripping voltammetric behaviour of nitrofurazone and its determination in pharmaceutical dosage form, urine and serum by linear sweep voltammetry

The antibacterial drug, nitrofurazone [5-nitro-2furaldehyde semicarbazone] a synthetic nitrofuran derivative, was reported to possess good bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties, has an antibacterial action against a number of Gram-negative and Gram-positive micro-organisms [1,2] and is used for the treatment of burns [3] and trypanosomiasis [4]. In veterinary medicine nitrofurazone is used for the treatment and prophylaxis of coccidiosis in poultry and farm animals, and necrotic enteritis in pigs [1]. The determination of some nitrated heterocyclic compounds containing reduction sites similar to that of nitrofurazone was studied by Vignoli et al. [5] using Brittion–Robinson (BR) buffer pH of between 1.81 and 11.98. Various methods including spectrophotometry [6,7], turbidity [8], colorimetry [9,10], conductimetry [11], paper chromatography [12] and high performance liquid chromatography [13,14] have determined nitrofurazone in its pharmaceutical preparations. A little attention has been paid to the polarographic determination of nitrofurazone [15–18] or to the electrochemical behaviour of this compound [19,20]. A rotating platinum electrode was used to study nitrofurazone by a simple direct current procedure [21–24]. The present work is a continuation of our studies in the field of the determination of the antibacterial drugs using cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) at the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) [25]. This technique offers a high senstivity with respect to the other analytical techniques [26]. The aims of this study are to establish the experimental conditions, to investigate the adsorptive voltammetric behaviour of nitrofurazone and to optimize the conditions for determination of the titled compound in pharmaceutical formulations present in urine and serum. * Corresponding author.

Is enterotoxaemia in grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus) caused by C. perfringens toxovars?

In 1985, in a colony of domesticated grasscutters in Cotonou/Benin (West Africa), an endemic disease that caused severe losses of up to 50 percent of the population was found. The animals regularly showed a necrotic small intestine and strongly reddened and granulated (like a raspberry) Peyer's plaques of the whole small intestine protruding into the intestinal lumen; the latter has never been described in other necrotic enteriditis caused by C. perfringens. In further investigations (Schrägle and Müller, 1989), C. perfringens strains were typed and isolated from the faeces of healthy animals, and 81.6% belonging to the type C were found, a type that causes severe necrotic enteritis in pigs. Two figures show the pathologic-anatomic findings. Meanwhile, the disease was eradicated by the use of a prophylactic vaccination.

A diagnostic dilemma: detecting proliferative enteritis in pigs at slaughter

A diagnostic dilemma: detecting proliferative enteritis in pigs at slaughter

Enterocecocolitis Associated with Intraepithelial Campylobacter-like Bacteria in Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

We examined 28 suckling, weanling, and young adult rabbits with lethargy, inappetence, and mucinous, semifluid feces. Sixteen of the rabbits had intestinal lesions. In eight of these rabbits, the primary changes were multifocal to diffuse epithelial proliferation and accumulation of lymphocytes, macrophages, or both in the lamina propria of the small intestine, cecum, and sacculated colon. In two of these rabbits, the accumulation of macrophages in the lamina propria was extensive. The other eight rabbits had erosive and suppurative cecocolitis, and four of the rabbits with proliferative lesions also had suppurative cecocolitis. In Warthin-Starry-stained sections of affected intestine, curved or spiral bacteria were visible within degenerated or hyperplastic epithelium, in luminal exudate, or in both. Such organisms were sparse or not found in the other 12 rabbits, which did not have intestinal lesions. The bacteria ultrastructurally resembled intraepithelial Campylobacter-like bacteria previously observed in proliferative enteritis in a variety of species and in acute typhlitis in young rabbits. In immunofluorescence tests, Campylobacter-like bacteria in epithelial cells, crypt lumina, and in luminal exudates in both proliferative and erosive lesions bound monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antisera prepared against intracellular bacteria found in proliferative enteritis in pigs, hamsters, and ferrets. These observations indicate that a condition similar to proliferative enteritis of swine, hamsters, and other species also occurs in laboratory rabbits.

Early lesions of proliferative enteritis in pigs and hamsters.

Gnotobiotic pigs and conventional hamsters were given suspensions of intestinal mucosa from a pig with proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy and killed 10 or 21 days later. Affected animals had evidence of marked proliferation of immature enterocytes in the intestinal crypts. Numerous Campylobacter-like organisms were in the cytoplasm of enterocytes, and in some instances, bacteria were closely associated with enterocytes. Some intracellular bacteria lying below the microvillous border were within membrane-bound structures. Immunofluorescence and electron immunogold staining with specific antibodies indicated that these organisms were antigenically different from curved bacteria in the crypt lumen of early lesions. This study indicates that the life cycle of the intracellular organisms may involve entry into crypt enterocytes from the intestinal lumen with subsequent intracellular multiplication.

Possible relationshio of proliferative enteritis in pigs and hamsters

Three- to six-week-old hamsters were orally inoculated with broths containing one of the following cultures: Campylobacter mucosalis; C. hyointestinalis; C. coli; C. jejuni, all of porcine proliferative enteritis origin, or else C. jejuni of hamster origin. Hamsters given the last of those organisms were shown to have colonisation of their intestines by C. jejuni and 36 of 40 developed an acute enteritis. Mild hyperplasia of enterocytes in ileal crypts was evident in one hamster 2 days after it was given C. coli. No other lesions were detected. Further 3-week-old hamsters were orally inoculated with homogenised intestinal mucosa collected from 4 pigs (A-D) affected by proliferative enteritis. Lesions of proliferative enteritis were detected in 7 of 41 hamsters necropsied 10–21 days after being dosed with mucosas B or D. Marked hyperplasia of ileal enterocytes, associated with numerous intracellular Campylobacter-like organisms, were invariably detected in experimentally affected hamsters. No particular Campylobacter sp. was consistently isolated. None of the controls had demonstrable lesions. The results suggested that cross-species transmission of proliferative enteritis was possible from pigs to hamsters. Therefore a common initiating or aetiological agent may be present. No specific organism was identified as filling this role by inoculation of hamsters with pure cultures.

Tr1churisinfections in pigs: A treatment trial in the field

Abstract Extract Trichuris infection in pigs is generally considered of little importance. However, some authors (Powers et at, 1960) have reported that this worm may cause serious pathogenic effects, and more recently ill-thrift and enteritis in pigs, associated with Trichuris infection, have been seen in New Zealand. This paper records case histories from two properties, and presents results of experiments, conducted on one of these, on liveweight response to anthelmintic treatment, and on the efficacy of the drugs in removing Trichuris.

Vaccination against Escherichia coli enteritis in pigs.

Vaccination against Escherichia coli enteritis in pigs.

Enteritis in Pigs — A Working Hypothesis

Enteritis in Pigs — A Working Hypothesis

The isolation of salmonellae from the mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces of pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs and cats and from other organs of poultry.

1. The mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces of pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs and cats and the intestinal wall and other organs of chickens in Essex, England, have been examined for salmonellae. These animals were either healthy or were not suffering from clinical salmonella infection.2. Salmonellae were isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of sixty (12%) of 500 pigs, nine (4·5%) of 200 dogs, five (2·5%) of 200 cats and none of 200 cattle and 100 sheep. None was found in the chickens.3. One (0·5%) of the cats and one (0·5%) of the dogs and six (1·2%) of an additional 500 healthy pigs were excreting salmonellae in their faeces.4. Of the seventeen serotypes found in pigs, Salm. typhi-murium, Salm. anatum and Salm. cholerae-suis occurred most frequently.5. All strains of Salm. cholerae-suis were isolated in brilliant green MacConkey broth; selenite broth was unsuitable for this purpose.6. Despite the high isolation rate from pigs, clinical salmonella infection was diagnosed relatively infrequently at this laboratory. Salm. cholerae-suis was isolated from only one of seventeen epidemiologically unrelated cases of necrotic enteritis in pigs.7. The results are discussed from the public health and agricultural view points with particular regard to the part infected feedingstuffs may play in causing salmonella infection in animals.The expenses of the investigation were, in part, defrayed by grants from the Agricultural Research Council, whose help I gratefully acknowledge.I am grateful to Mr A. J. Harman and Miss Linda Kelly for their capable technical help and to Dr K. C. Sellers for useful suggestions made during the course of this work. I am also indebted to Dr Joan Taylor for typing all the salmonella cultures and to Mr L. G. Smart for collecting the lymph nodes from the cattle, sheep and pigs.