Feeding Nutrition Research Articles

Determinants of minimum meal frequency among children in Kumbungu District of Ghana: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundChild malnutrition is a public health concern in developing countries including Ghana. Ensuring a child’s minimum meal frequency is met is critical for preventing malnutrition and improving nutrient intake. However, minimum meal frequency and its context-specific determinants among children in the Kumbungu District of Ghana are yet to be investigated. This study therefore examined minimum meal frequency and its determinants among children aged 6 to 23 months in Kumbungu District, Ghana.MethodsAn analytical cross-sectional study design was used and involved 395 mother-child pairs selected through systematic random sampling. A semi- structured questionnaire was used to obtain respondents’ socio-demographic characteristics, maternal nutritional knowledge and feeding practices and anthropometric information of children. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to determine the determinants of minimum meal frequency.ResultsOf the 395 children studied, about 51.4% of them were females, with about 25.8% and 74.2% of them aged 6–8 months and 9–23 months respectively. About 72.4% of the children met the minimum meal frequency. Children aged 9–23 months were 3.48 times more likely to meet the minimum meal frequency as compared to children aged 6–8 months [Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.48, 95% CI: 1. 33-9.03, p = 0.011]. Moreover, children who met the minimum dietary diversity were 46.32 times more likely to achieve the minimum meal frequency as compared to those who did not meet the minimum dietary diversity [AOR: 46.32, 95% CI: 17.78-120.64, p < 0.001].ConclusionsThe proportion of children who received minimum meal frequency was high. Child age and minimum dietary diversity were significant determinants of minimum meal frequency. To achieve optimal minimum meal frequency for all children, mothers should be encouraged to practice age appropriate meal frequency, particularly, those with children aged 6–8 months as well as feed their children diversified diets.

Genotype by environment interactions and phenotypic traits stability of the EUCLEG faba bean collection

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important pulse crop traditionally used for human nutrition and animal feeding. With a high protein content ranging from 24% to 35% of seed dry matter, considerable amounts of globulins, essential amino acids and minerals, faba bean is today an important source meeting the growing global demand for nutritious food. The objective of study was to investigate the variability of nine phenological, phenotypical and yield related traits in 220 faba bean accessions in multi-location trials across four representative European regions. Nine field trials were carried out from 2018 till 2020 in four representative European locations (Spain, Finland, Belgium and Serbia) using an augmented p-rep design containing 20 replicated checks. Significant differences among genotypes and environments were detected, being the genotype x environment interaction (GEI) the major source of variation in five of the nine evaluated traits. The “which-won-where” analyses identified two mega-environment namely South European mega environment (SE-ME) and North European mega environment (NE-ME), while the best performing and most stable genotypes according to the nine traits were identified using “means vs stability” analyses. According to the highest trait value in each mega environment several winning genotypes were identified showing better performances than some commercial varieties (controls) or checks. Our results suggest that the geographical locations falling into each mega-environment can be used as faba bean test locations. The genotype ranking for the multi-trait stability index (MTSI) revealed that the most stable and best ranking genotypes in SE-ME are G018, G086, G081, G170 and G015 while in the north mega-environment are G091, G171, G177 (Merkur), G029 and G027. Hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analyses showed a clear correlation between the traits analysed and the botanical type. These findings indicate that botanical type is one of the most significant factors affecting development in any environment, and it must be taken into account in faba bean breeding activities. The information derived from this study provides a chance for breeding new resilient faba bean cultivars adapted to different agroecological European regions, a critical point for addressing Europe’s reliance on protein imports and enhancing sustainable agriculture practices.

High Nutritional Conditions Influence Feeding Plasticity in Pristionchus pacificus and Render Worms Non-Predatory.

Developmental plasticity, the ability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to environmental conditions, has been subject to intense studies in the last four decades. The self-fertilising nematode Pristionchus pacificus has been developed as a genetic model system for studying developmental plasticity due to its mouth-form polyphenism that results in alternative feeding strategies with a facultative predatory and non-predatory mouth form. Many studies linked molecular aspects of the regulation of mouth-form polyphenism with investigations of its evolutionary and ecological significance. Also, several environmental factors influencing P. pacificus feeding structure expression were identified including temperature, culture condition and population density. However, the nutritional plasticity of the mouth form has never been properly investigated although polyphenisms are known to be influenced by changes in nutritional conditions. For instance, studies in eusocial insects and scarab beetles have provided significant mechanistic insights into the nutritional regulation of polyphenisms but also other forms of plasticity. Here, we study the influence of nutrition on mouth-form polyphenism in P. pacificus through experiments with monosaccharide and fatty acid supplementation. We show that in particular glucose supplementation renders worms non-predatory. Subsequent transcriptomic and mutant analyses indicate that de novo fatty acid synthesis and peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathways play an important role in the mediation of this plastic response. Finally, the analysis of fitness consequences through fecundity counts suggests that non-predatory animals have an advantage over predatory animals grown in the glucose-supplemented condition.

PRODUCTION of AROMATIC BRAN USING LIQUID ORGANIC SUPPLEMENT of COW MANURE EFFECTS ON LACTIC ACID, pH, DRY MATTER LOSS and FLEIGH VALUE (NF)

This study aims to determine the effect of different doses of liquid organic supplements made cow manure added to rice bran to produce aromatic rice bran with the best values in terms of lactic acid, pH, dry matter loss, and Fleigh Value (NF). The research was conducted from May - June 2024 at the Ruminant Nutrition and Animal Feed Chemistry Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, Padjadjaran University. This experimental study employed a Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments and 6 replications, P0 = 1 kilogram of bran + 300 grams of molasses, P1 = 1 kilogram of bran + 200 grams of molasses + 100 mL of SOC, and P2 = 1 kilogram of bran + 100 grams of molasses + 200 mL of SOC. Data analysis was using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the use of cow manure SOC affected the pH, lactic acid content, and dry matter loss of aromatic rice bran, but did not affect the Fleigh Value (FV). The application of SOC with a dose of 100 grams of molasses + 200 mL SOC produced high lactic acid (21.12%), the lowest pH value (4.52), dry matter loss (8.21%), and a Fleigh value of (167.59%).

Impact of maternal nutritional literacy and feeding practices on the growth outcomes of children (6-23 months) in Gujranwala: a cross-sectional study.

Malnutrition contributes to approximately 45% of deaths among under 5 years children in low and middle-income countries. Poor maternal knowledge and failure to comply with recommended Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices are known risk factors for malnutrition but there are inconsistencies in the literature. Therefore, this cross-sectional study of 100 mother-child pairs in district Gujranwala aimed to assess maternal nutritional literacy (MNL) and maternal feeding practices (MFP) and their ultimate impacts on child growth. A researcher administered questionnaire that was the combination of WHO model questionnaires and FAO Nutrition-related KAP model questionnaires was used to collect the data from mothers while and anthropometric measurements of children were taken by following the standard methods. Results showed that 57% of mothers had average nutritional knowledge and feeding practices were not satisfactory. Only 12% of mothers-initiated breastfeeding within the first hour of birth, 7% of infants were exclusively breastfed, while 27.27% continued to be breastfed beyond 1 year. Complementary foods were timely introduced to 53% of infants, 47% received minimum meal frequency and 34% met the minimum dietary diversity criteria. Additionally, the consumption of unhealthy foods, sugar-sweetened beverages, and zero consumption of fruits and vegetables was practiced by 71, 23, and 27% of infants and young children, respectively. Prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight was 19, 9, 12, and 12%, respectively. A non-significant association was observed between MNL and MFP with growth outcomes with a few exceptions. The odds of being wasted (β = 1.903, OR = 6.706, p < 0.05) and underweight (β = 1.732, OR = 5.654, p < 0.05) are higher among children who had vaginal birth. Higher odds of being stunted (β = 2.173, OR = 8.788, p < 0.05) were observed among those whose mothers had middle school education compared to those having higher education. Overall results indicated a dire need not only to create nutritional awareness among mothers in Gujranwala but also to provide a support system for mothers to help them implement standard feeding practices.

The assessment of chemical composition and biological activity of faba bean pods as a potential feed additive utilized in piglets nutrition

The study addresses the utilization of food waste by-products from faba bean (Vicia faba L.) pods (FBP) as an alternative feed supplement to promote sustainable piglet growth by reducing antimicrobial use. Objectives include evaluation of FBP in terms of nutritional components (proximate composition, fibres, minerals), phytochemical composition (total phenols, HPLC-MS profiling), and in vitro biological activities. Air-dried FBP from the cultivar ‘Bizon’ contained high levels of crude protein (144 g/kg), dietary fibre (413 g/kg), potassium (27.8 g/kg), and iron (126 mg/kg). Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract from FBP revealed significant levels of polyphenols, including vestitol, piscidic acid, hydroxyeucomic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol glycosides with no detectable tannins. The extract showed negligible activity against porcine digestive enzymes (α-amylase, lipase, and trypsin) (IC50 > 4 mg/mL) and demonstrated a dose-dependent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica in concentrations of 1–8 mg/mL. The extract had low cytotoxicity (IC50 = 432.6 µg/mL) against IPEC-J2 – cells derived from porcine jejunal epithelium. The results indicate that FBP ‘Bizon’ is a valuable source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial properties, without adverse effects on porcine enzymes or IPEC-J2 cells, supporting its potential as a sustainable feed in piglet nutrition, in line with circular economy concepts.

Nutritional quality assessment of mulberry leaves from different varieties as an alternative feed in ruminant nutrition

Nutritional quality assessment of mulberry leaves from different varieties as an alternative feed in ruminant nutrition

The nutritional feed gap: Seasonal variations in ruminant nutrition and knowledge gaps in relation to food security in Southern Africa

AbstractLivestock production is critical to food security and rural livelihoods across Southern Africa. Despite progress in livestock science research in recent years, the seasonal availability and quality of feed remains one of the key challenges to livestock productivity in Southern Africa. In particular, dry weather conditions, the lack of rain and lower temperatures in the dry season cause herbaceous plants to die back and browse species to defoliate, limiting the abundance, quality, and variety of feed available. This creates a ‘Nutritional Feed Gap’, defined here as the combined effect of the sharp reduction in both forage quantity and quality from the wet to the dry season and the risk that it poses to ruminant production systems and the food security of the people and communities reliant on them. Understanding the nature and extent of how seasonality impacts ruminant production potential can thus contribute towards mitigating negative impacts of extreme weather and climate change on food systems. In this review, we characterise this nutritional feed gap in terms of forage abundance and nutrition as well as discussing how climate change may shape the future nutritional landscape. Whilst some forage nutrient concentrations varied little by season, crude protein and phosphorus were consistently found to decrease from the wet season to the dry season. We also identify a shortfall in primary research that assess both forage quality and quantity simultaneously, which forms part of a broader knowledge gap of our limited understanding of the impact of limiting factors to ruminant production on short and long-term food security across Southern Africa.

Ecologic and economic motives for transforming calcium-based food wastes into sustainable value-added products: a review.

An overview of various industrial and bio-applications of unavoidable bio-waste materials reported in the literature over the last 25years is presented in this review. Calcium-based food wastes or "unavoidable bio-wastes" are hybrid bio-composite materials, consisting of a softer organic matrix surrounding a stiff mineralized ceramic phase. A wide range of different bio-wastes that are already in use or are investigated for multipurpose applications are presented. Bio-wastes hold considerable potential to contribute more widely to the circular management strategy through, for example, being processed to make new consumer products for a variety of applications, which include the use as a filler in polymers, biogenic hydroxyapatite, limestone or lime in construction products, nutritional feed supplements, soil-improving material and fertilizer, or precursor for making catalysts and adsorbents for the remediation of environmental contaminants. This review summarizes the results of various reported approaches with regard to the development of cost-effective value-added products from under-utilized food waste residues such as eggshells, seafood shells, and animal bones via a simple, eco-friendly, and economically viable approach. Therefore, the work is an advancement toward the goal of achieving a sustainable product by ensuring a holistic design approach from bio-wastes to various salable products, where calcium-based food wastes can compete with non-renewable resources.

Seasonal dynamics of forage nutrition in smallholder goat production systems in Malawi

Forage and browse are a valuable natural resource in Malawi that can be used to support livestock production which, in turn, can contribute towards delivering income and nutrition to households and communities. However, the quality and quantity of forages can be poor, especially during the dry season. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritional composition of naturally available forages across smallholder livestock systems in Malawi, with particular focus on seasonal differences in quality and quantity. Samples of herbaceous forages and browse were collected over 17 months, across four sites (30 farms/smallholders) in central Malawi. Forages underwent nutritional analysis for crude protein, fibre and ash/organic matter. NDVI obtained from satellite imagery was used as a proxy for forage availability. Forage nutrition and availability were most adequate in the wet season, with higher concentrations of crude protein and a greater availability of herbaceous plants. There were significant differences in low-digestibility fibre fractions between locations, likely due to local factors such as soil and hydrology. The fall in crude protein concentrations from the wet season to the dry season along with a reduction in forage biomass represents a seasonal nutritional feed gap that may impact productivity within livestock systems.

Nutritional management and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents unique challenges related to feeding and nutritional management. Children with ASD often experience feeding difficulties, including food selectivity, refusal, and gastrointestinal issues. Various interventions have been explored to address these challenges, including dietary modifications, vitamin supplementation, feeding therapy, and behavioral interventions. To provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence on nutritional management in ASD. We examine the effectiveness of dietary interventions, vitamin supplements, feeding therapy, behavioral interventions, and mealtime practices in addressing the feeding challenges and nutritional needs of children with ASD. We systematically searched relevant literature up to June 2024, using databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus. Studies were included if they investigated dietary interventions, nutritional supplements, or behavioral strategies to improve feeding behaviors in children with ASD. We assessed the quality of the studies and synthesized findings on the impact of various interventions on feeding difficulties and nutritional outcomes. Data extraction focused on intervention types, study designs, participant characteristics, outcomes measured, and intervention effectiveness. The review identified 316 studies that met the inclusion criteria. The evidence indicates that while dietary interventions and nutritional supplements may offer benefits in managing specific symptoms or deficiencies, the effectiveness of these approaches varies. Feeding therapy and behavioral interventions, including gradual exposure and positive reinforcement, promise to improve food acceptance and mealtime behaviors. The findings also highlight the importance of creating supportive mealtime environments tailored to the sensory and behavioral needs of children with ASD. Nutritional management for children with ASD requires a multifaceted approach that includes dietary modifications, supplementation, feeding therapy, and behavioral strategies. The review underscores the need for personalized interventions and further research to refine treatment protocols and improve outcomes. Collaborative efforts among healthcare providers, educators, and families are essential to optimize this population's nutritional health and feeding practices. Enhancing our understanding of intervention sustainability and long-term outcomes is essential for optimizing care and improving the quality of life for children with ASD and their families.

Early antiviral use and supplemental oxygen decrease the risk of secondary bacterial infections: a multi-centre, nested, case-control study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the treatment strategies that dictate the host susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This nested, case-control study was conducted in three general hospitals in China between 1st December 2022 and 1st March 2023. A total of 456 confirmed COVID-19 patients matched 1:2 (152 cases and 304 controls) based on age, sex, disease severity and age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (aCCI) using propensity-score matching (PSM) were included. Association of secondary bacterial infections with treatment strategies including the supportive measures, antiviral, and antibacterial therapies were the main outcome measures. Conditional logistic regression analyses demonstrated that among categorical variables, use of antibiotics, antivirals, intravenous injection of human immunoglobulin, glucocorticoids or anticoagulants were not associated with the risk of secondary bacterial infections in the COVID-19 patients. The use of supplemental oxygen by either low (odds ratio (OR): 0.18, P<0.001) or high flow (OR: 0.06, P<0.001), but not through ventilators were associated with significant protection against secondary bacterial infection. In contrast, feeding through gastric tube (OR: 10.97, P<0.001) or parenteral nutrition (OR: 3.97, P=0.002) was associated with significant increase in the risk of secondary bacterial infections. Similar data were obtained when data were analysed using continuous variables. Further, the early (<5 days post symptom onset, OR: 0.09, P<0.001), but not the late use of antivirals was associated with protection against secondary bacterial infections. Oxygen supplementation in non-ventilator settings and early use of antivirals were associated with decreased incidences of secondary bacterial infections, while parenteral nutrition or tube feedings were associated with increased incidences of secondary bacterial infections.

Pemberian Asupan Gizi Seimbang terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Anak Usia Dini

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of balanced nutritional foods on early childhood growth and development at Sindang State Kindergarten. This study uses a Quantitative research method with a survey type. This method is used in evaluation to make a systematic, factual, and accurate description of the facts and properties of a particular population or area. The total research population was 33 children, then taken using purposive sampling so that the research respondents became 15 children. The instruments used in this study used observation sheets in the form of checklists with data collection through observation, documentation, and structured questionnaires regarding the effect of the application of balanced nutritional feeding on early childhood growth and development. The data analysis technique used a simple linear regression test using the help of the SPSS technique. This research data analysis technique tests validity, descriptive statistics, normality, homogeneity, simple linear regression, correlation, and dependent sample tests using statistics with the help of SPSS. Based on the results of this study there is a significant effect of balanced nutritional feeding on early childhood growth and development in Sindang State Kindergarten. This is evidenced based on the Ftable results calculated using the f test with a sig of 0.05 is 2.70 so that fcount&gt;ftable (9.006&gt; 4.543). This shows that Ha is accepted Ho is rejected, which means that providing balanced nutritional food has a positive and significant effect on the growth and development of children after early age at TK Negeri Sindang.

Dolutegravir with enteral feeds in intensive care: nutrition vs viral suppression

Abstract Introduction People living with HIV requiring admission to intensive care often receive enteral nutrition via feeding tubes. Enteral feeds contain cations which may interfere with dolutegravir (DTG) absorption due to chelation1. For this reason, temporal spacing (six hours before/ two hours after DTG administration2) is recommended, possibly leading to suboptimal caloric intake3. The clinical significance of the interaction between enteral feeds and DTG when co-administered is not fully understood and public data are sparse. Aim We aim to evaluate the impact and outcomes of co-administering DTG and enteral feeds. Methods Review of prospectively collected data on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and electronic patient records of patients on DTG and enteral feeds, whilst in intensive care unit (ITU) between 2022 and 2023. Maximum (Cmax) and trough (Ctrough) DTG concentrations were measured and compared to reference ranges (DTG 50 mg once daily: Cmax 3340 ng/mL; Ctrough 830 ng/mL). All data were anonymised and collected as part of routine care for analysis. According to the National Research Ethics Service guidelines, further patient consent and ethical approval were not required. Results Six cases were identified with eight incidences of TDM sampling: 2 (33%) female; median age 34 (IQR 33-42); 3 (50%) non-white ethnicity; mean number of days on ITU 46 days; mean number of days into feeds 28 days; all (100%) suffered from hypoalbuminaemia (18-26 g/L). All patients were taking tenofovir-based regimens as their backbone antiretroviral therapy and once daily DTG, unless when co-administered with rifampicin where twice daily DTG is required to overcome enzyme induction effects of rifampicin. In three of the eight samples, temporal spacing with enteral feeds occurred as per SPC guidance2. The highest Cmax with once daily DTG seen in this cohort was 2201 ng/mL which was achieved without temporal spacing, whilst the lowest Ctrough (44 ng/mL) was observed in a different individual with sufficient temporal spacing. The viral loads measured while patients were receiving feeds varied, with 3 (50%) remaining suppressed. All (100%) patients had a fully suppressed viral load after enteral feeds ceased, including one patient who was naïve to treatment prior to admission with a high viral load. Discussion/Conclusion DTG Cmax were lower than those observed in literature regardless of temporal spacing from enteral feeds. Ctrough concentrations were also lower than expected in all cases. Six of eight Ctrough were lower than the DTG minimum effective concentration (MEC) of 300 ng/mL, however, only one was below IC90 for wildtype virus (64 ng/mL). Virological failure or onset of resistance was not observed in any of the patients. Multiple factors are likely to be contributing to low DTG concentrations, of which the most significant is likely impaired drug absorption, whilst nutritional feed co-administration seems to not be relevant.

Temporal profile of amino acids and protein fractions in the developing kernel of maize germplasm

Maize, the most important source of animal and poultry feed, is deficient in essential amino acid methionine. Therefore, methionine is added to the poultry feed to meet its nutritional requirements. Keeping in view, an urgent requirement exists to develop high-methionine maize. The present study was designed to understand the synthesis and accumulation pattern of methionine, lysine, tryptophan, total protein, and protein fractions in the developing maize kernel. Results revealed that methionine accumulation starts before 15 DAP and increases towards maturity. Total protein, albumin, and globulin accumulation showed a declining trend, whereas, prolamin, prolamin-like, glutelin, and glutelin-like fractions increased with kernel maturity. Methionine showed a significant positive correlation with prolamin and a negative correlation with glutelin, indicating their use as markers to select high methionine lines. Higher level accumulation of lysine, tryptophan, and methionine, the three essential amino acids deficient in maize, was observed highest in lines 174705 and 194010 indicating their use as a potential donor for developing high methionine maize genotypes. The high methionine line identified in the present study can be used in breeding programs through introgressing maize germplasm of diverse genetic backgrounds to develop high-yielding methionine-rich maize genotypes to develop a sustainable nutritive feed supply chain.

Pengaruh Pemberian Nutrisi Daun dan Jenis Pupuk terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Cabai Merah Besar (Capsicum annum L.)

The research was carried out in an experimental garden at the Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, Jatinagor District, Sumedang Regency. The altitude of the place is 700 meters above sea level. This research was conducted from May to August 2022. The purpose of this study is to determine the interaction of foliar nutrition and fertilizer type on the growth and yield of large red chili plants (Capsicum annum L). The environmental design of this research is a Split Plot Design which consists of two treatments and is repeated four times. The main plot is the administration of a foliar nutrient solution (F) consisting of two levels: f0 (without administration) and f1 (one-time 10-day administration). The plot is a type of fertilizer (P) consisting of three levels: p1 cow manure 4 t ha-1 p2, Soil Conditioner Growth Booster (SCGB) 6 kg ha-1 and p3 ameliorant plus 4 t ha-1. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance with Duncan's double-spacing advanced test at a rate of 5%. The results showed that there was an interaction with growth (Plant height 1 Week After Planting (WAP), 2 WAP, 3 WAP, Number of leaves 3 WAP, stem diameter 2 WAP, 3 WAP, 4 WAP, 5 WAP) and yield (Weight per fruit). The best results were shown in foliar nutrition and SCGB administration against plant height growth of 2 WAP, 3 WAP, leaf count of 3 WAP and stem diameter of 3 WAP as well as foliar nutrition and ameliorant plus feeding of 5 WAP stem diameter. Types of ameliorant plus fertilizers that were not fed foliar nutrition show the best results against plant height growth of 1 WAP stem diameter of 2 WAP, 4 WAP and weight yield per fruit.

Testing The Physical Properties of Various Onggok Balance with Tofu Making Liquid Waster as Alternative Feed Ingredients

Onggok is a by-product of tapioca flour processing which can be utilized by adding tofu making liquid waste. This study is to determine the difference and the best balance on physical properties, namely specific gravity, stack density, and stack compaction density. Carried out at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Animal Feed Chemistry, Padjadjaran University. The study used an experimental method with a Complete Randomized Design (RAL) using five treatments and four repeats consisting of P0 (2 kg onggok: 0 liters of tofu liquid waste), P1 (2 kg ongdok: 2 liters of tofu liquid waste), P2 (2 kg onggok: 1 liter of tofu liquid waste), P3 (2 kg onggok: 700 ml of tofu liquid waste), and P4 (2 kg ongdok: 500 ml of tofu liquid waste). The results showed a noticeable effect (P&lt;0.05) of physical properties testing. The P2 treatment produced the highest value in the specific gravity test of 1.111 g/mL, the P1 treatment produced the highest value in the pile density test of 0.237 g/mL, and the result of the stack compaction density in P1 of 0.282 g/mL. This study concluded that the addition of tofu making liquid waste can increase pile density and pile compaction density

MANEJO NUTRICIONAL E CONSCIENTIZAÇÃO NA PREVENÇÃO DA OBESIDADE EM GATOS CASTRADOS

Feline obesity is one of the most prevalent health issues in cats, especially following neutering, a method used for population control. Neutering is an essential measure for public health and animal welfare, which is also associated with increased food intake in cats. This procedure leads to a hormonal decrease, resulting in a reduced energy requirement for the animal. This combination often leads to weight gain if nutritional control is not implemented. With this in mind, the aim of this study is to assess the knowledge of cat owners, through a questionnaire, about nutritional management for neutered cats, emphasizing their specific needs, challenges following neutering, and dietary strategies to ensure their health and quality of life. A total of 54 responses were included, revealing that no owner follows the manufacturer’s feeding recommendations. Most owners understand the importance of nutrition but practice improper feeding, including the provision of treats. However, all respondents indicated a willingness to improve the animals' nutritional management with appropriate guidance. To address these issues, an informational guide was developed to provide advice on appropriate feeding and care for cats post-neutering. This guide includes information on specific nutritional needs, the importance of dietary control, suggestions for physical activities, and general care to promote feline well-being. The initiative aims to support owners in implementing more informed and effective practices, helping to prevent issues such as obesity and promoting a better quality of life for their pets. Continuous education for owners is essential to ensure that neutered cats receive adequate care, thereby contributing to their health and happiness.

Pelatihan Transformasi Minyak Jelantah Menjadi Lilin Aromatik: Solusi Pengurangan Sampah di Desa Sinarsari

Aromatherapy is beneficial for maintaining and enhancing physical, physiological, and spiritual well-being by consuming flowers, roots, fruits, resins, bark, and other aromatic compounds from plants. In Indonesia, around 90% of the used cooking oil produced is not managed properly, leading to environmental issues and contaminating soil and water, as well as public health. To reduce its negative impact on the environment and public health, it can be processed into valuable products such as aromatherapy candles. The purpose of this study is to study the impact of using used cooking oils and its benefits for the community of Sinarsari Village so that they can utilize this waste more sustainably and efficiently. The Tim PPK Ormawa HImasiter IPB (Student Association of Nutrition and Animal Feed) plays a significant role in promoting new innovations that benefit the community, one of which is the creation of aromatic candles with the aim of learning how to recycle used oil into useful products. The results of this comprehensive evaluation will assist the implementing team in identifying the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges of this program.

Risk factors for enteral nutrition feeding intolerance in stroke patients: A scoping review.

Feeding intolerance is a common issue in stroke patients who are receiving enteral nutrition, and it has a substantial effect on their recovery and rehabilitation. Understanding the various factors of feeding intolerance in this patient population is vital for improving care and outcomes. This review aims to map the existing literature on enteral nutrition in stroke patients, identifying key themes, gaps and areas for future research. This review was conducted as a scoping review following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist to ensure comprehensive coverage and methodological rigour. We conducted a scoping review by searching databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, CNKI and WangFang from 1 January 2000 to 31 January 2024. We aimed to locate research about issues with enteral nutrition feeding in stroke patients. We collected data on the patient's characteristics, medical status, therapies, feeding protocols and nursing care. A total of 25 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Twenty-two influencing factors were identified and categorized into patient factors (5), disease factors (8), treatment factors (2), feeding management factors (5) and nursing factors (2). Notably, age, intra-abdominal pressure, serum albumin levels, APACHE-II scores and central venous pressure (CVP) were among the most commonly reported. This scoping introduction uniquely focuses on stroke patients receiving enteral nutrition, explaining specific influencing factors for feeding intolerance. Health care professionals must identify and manage risk factors for enteral nutrition feeding intolerance. Ongoing professional development and specialized training on the significance of enteral feeding in stroke rehabilitation can improve patient care and outcomes.