Enriched Supplement Research Articles

Higher Plasma Myo-Inositol in Pregnancy Associated with Reduced Postpartum Blood Loss: Secondary Analyses of the NiPPeR Trial.

We previously reported that a combined myo-inositol, probiotics, and enriched micronutrient supplement (intervention) taken preconception and in pregnancy reduced postpartum blood loss (PBL) and major postpartum hemorrhage compared with a standard micronutrient supplement (control), as secondary outcomes of the NiPPeR trial. This study aimed to identify the intervention components that may contribute to this effect. Associations of plasma concentrations of myo-inositol and vitamins B2, B6, B12, and D at preconception (before and after supplementation), early (~7-weeks), and late pregnancy (~28-weeks) with PBL were assessed by multiple linear regression, adjusting for site, ethnicity, preconception BMI, parity, and previous cesarean section. Amongst 583 women, a higher concentration of myo-inositol in early pregnancy was associated with a PBL reduction [βadj -1.26 (95%CI -2.23, -0.29) mL per µmol/L myo-inositol increase, p = 0.011]. Applying this co-efficient to the increase in mean 7-week-myo-inositol concentration of 23.4 µmol/L with the intervention equated to a PBL reduction of 29.5 mL (~8.4% of mean PBL of 350 mL among controls), accounting for 84.3% of the previously reported intervention effect of 35 mL. None of the examined vitamins were associated with PBL. Therefore, myo-inositol may be a key intervention component mediating the PBL reduction. Further work is required to determine the mechanisms involved.

Metagenome of Tibetan kefir grains and its alleviating effect on dysfunction of gut microbiome and depressive colorectal cancer comorbidity induced by chronic stress and AOM/DSS

The prevalence of major depression in cancer patients ranges from 5% to 26%. The research on the screening of neurotrophic and anticancer psychoprobiotics is way of important. The aim of this work was to demonstrate the interventional effect of Tibetan kefir fermented goat milk on colorectal cancer and a co-morbidity model established by chronic unpredictable stress (CUMS). The results showed that the Tibetan kefir fermented milk significantly alleviated the manifestations of depressive behavior and altered the level of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), serum corticosterone, and inflammatory factors (IL-6, IL-17, TNF-α and IL-1β) in serum, hippocampus and colon Moreover, the Tibetan kefir fermented milk could alleviate the inflammatory response and the hyperactivity of the HPA axis and inhibite the disturbance of 5-hydroxytryptamine system caused by colorectal cancer and CUMS to prevent the progress of depressive colorectal cancer. These results interpreted the potential mechanism of Tibetan kefir on antidepressant and anticancer. It provided a theoretical basis for the exploitation of psychotropic probiotic dairy products and enriched patients' dietary supplement.

Topographical distribution of the human brain to Plukenetia volubilis-based omega-3,6,9 enriched egg consumption

<span>Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is related to cognitive development. Consumers' brain health could benefit from changes in the omega 6:3 ratio. This study aimed to examine how the </span><em><span>Plukenetia volubilis</span></em><span>-based omega-3,6,9 enriched egg supplementation affects electrical brain activity during the attention/inhibition (Go/NoGo) test. Healthy subjects (n = 20) were chosen at random to eat 2 boiled </span><em><span>Plukenetia volubilis</span></em><span>-based omega-3,6,9 enriched eggs for 12 weeks. The ePrime v.3.0 application recorded behavioral performance during the Go/NoGo test during the electroencephalographic recording. The finding of this study was that twelve weeks of boiled </span><em><span>Plukenetia volubilis</span></em><span>-based omega-3,6,9 enriched egg consumption significantly decreased the reaction time responses compared to the baseline. The topographical distribution revealed that the mean amplitude of N1 produced a slightly larger amplitude in the 12<sup>th</sup> week compared to the baseline. The P3 component, following N1, was also larger in the 12<sup>th</sup> week compared to the baseline. After 12 weeks of consuming the </span><em><span>Plukenetia volubilis</span></em><span>-based omega-3,6,9 enriched eggs, the central nervous system activities during a Go/NoGo test were believed to be enhanced. </span>

Flavonoid enriched supplementation abrogates prenatal stress and enhances goat kids performance reared in a sub-tropical environment

The subtropical climatic conditions in the winter season characterized by low temperature may enable to induce cold stress in pregnancy and transition periods which results in the production of reactive oxygen species. However, flavonoid enriched impact on pregnancy and lactation of Beetal goats remains unclear in a subtropical cold environment. Forty-eight multiparous pregnant Beetal goats were randomly assigned into two groups, mid-pregnancy (n = 24), late pregnancy to early lactation (n = 24). Mid-pregnancy and late pregnancy were further sub-grouped into control and supplemented with an equal number of animals. Both groups of animals were offered concentrates while the supplemented group was provided additional flavonoid-rich supplementation (Loxidan) at 120 mg/kg/head during the experimental period of 45 days in each phase of pregnancy plus 33 days of kids suckling period only in late pregnancy to early lactation group. Fractional biochemical analysis of Loxidan feed revealed it contained a rich source of total flavonoids (8268 ± 92.1 μg/g) with total antioxidant capacity (14.6 ± 1.7 μM/g DW). Blood was collected fifteen days apart during mid-pregnancy (60 to 105 days) and late pregnancy plus early lactation (120 to 165 days) for the assessment of serum biochemical parameters. Results revealed that serum profile of total flavonoids, total antioxidant activity, total oxidant status, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, total phenolic, total proteins, and progesterone level showed significant values as compared to the control group in both phases of pregnancy (P < 0.05). Moreover, flavonoid enriched supplementation increased the initial kid's weight and total average weight gain as compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Overall, results illustrate that supplementation increased kid's birth weight, average daily weight gain, and fetal survival. Therefore, flavonoids could be used as an antioxidant regimen to mitigate cold stress of subtropical environment on pregnancy and lactation to improve reproductive traits.

Oligofructose-Enriched Inulin Intake, Gut Microbiome Characteristics, and the V̇O2 Peak Response to High-Intensity Interval Training in Healthy Inactive Adults

BackgroundThe gut microbiome has been associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. ObjectivesTo assess the effects of oligofructose (FOS)–enriched inulin supplementation on the gut microbiome and the peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) response to high-intensity interval training (HIIT). MethodsThe study was a randomized controlled trial. Forty sedentary and apparently healthy adults [n = 31 women; aged 31.8 ± 9.8 y, BMI (in kg⋅m–2) 25.9 ± 4.3] were randomly allocated to 1) 6 wk of supervised HIIT (4 × 4-min bouts at 85–95% peak heart rate, interspersed with 3 min of active recovery, 3·wk–1) + 12 g·d–1 of FOS-enriched inulin (HIIT-I) or 2) 6 wk of supervised HIIT (3·wk–1, 4 × 4-min bouts) + 12 g·d–1 of maltodextrin/placebo (HIIT-P). Each participant completed an incremental treadmill test to assess V̇O2peak and ventilatory thresholds (VTs), provided a stool and blood sample, and completed a 24-h diet recall questionnaire and FFQ before and after the intervention. Gut microbiome analyses were performed using metagenomic sequencing. Fecal short-chain fatty acids were measured by mass spectrometry. ResultsThere were no differences in the mean change in V̇O2peak response between groups (P = 0.58). HIIT-I had a greater improvement in VTs than HIIT-P [VT1 (lactate accumulation): mean difference + 4.3% and VT2 (lactate threshold): +4.2%, P < 0.05]. HIIT-I had a greater increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium taxa [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05] and several metabolic processes related to exercise capacity (FDR < 0.05). Exploratory analysis of merged data found participants with a greater response to HIIT (V̇O2peak ≥3.5 mL⋅kg–1⋅min–1) had a 2.2-fold greater mean abundance of gellan degradation pathways (FDR < 0.05) and a greater, but not significant, abundance of Bifidobacterium uniformis species (P < 0.00023, FDR = 0.08). ConclusionsFOS-enriched inulin supplementation did not potentiate HIIT-induced improvements in V̇O2peak but led to gut microbiome changes possibly associated with greater ventilatory threshold improvements in healthy inactive adults. Gellan degradation pathways and B. uniformis spp. were associated with greater V̇O2peak responses to HIIT.

Principles of Providing Nutrition to People Living with HIV/AIDS : a Literature Review

Introduction: Inadequate nutritional status in a person with HIV-AIDS (PLWHA) has a high risk of declining health in general. If a person is infected with HIV but has a good nutritional status, his immune system will be better than someone who is infected with HIV but has poor nutritional status. With good nutritional status, it can prevent HIV disease from entering the AIDS stage. Malnutrition that occurs in a person with HIV/AIDS can accelerate the progression of HIV disease and hinder treatment, thereby worsening the patient's condition. The use of Antiretroviral (ARV) has an effect that can worsen a person's condition if it is not accompanied by good nutritional intake.Methods: The method used in this study is a literature review with predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sample: The total number of samples obtained from the results of the literature review is 128 respondents. The instrument used in evaluating the research is using an instrument from The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). Results: Protein-energy enriched macronutrient supplementation along with ARV initiation was effective in improving physiological nutritional status and immune response in PLWHA.Conclusion: This can prevent people living with HIV from experiencing malnutrition and wasting, can restore the ideal body weight, increase and maintain the body's ability to fight various opportunistic infections, increase the effect of drugs, and can improve and improve the quality of life of PLWHA patients

Effects of fat supplements containing different levels of palmitic and stearic acid on milk production and fatty acid digestibility in lactating dairy cows

Fat supplements based on palmitic acid (PA) or stearic acid (SA) are expected to have different effects on milk production and nutrient metabolism in lactating dairy cows. In this study, the effects of prilled fat supplements containing different levels of PA and SA were tested in 12 high-producing multiparous cows (pretrial milk yield = 53.4 ± 8.7 kg/d; mean ± SD) arranged in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-d periods. Treatments were control (CON; no supplemental fat), an enriched PA supplement (HP; 91% C16:0), an enriched SA supplement (HS; 92.5% C18:0), and a blend of PA and SA (INT) fed at 1.95% of diet dry matter. All supplements contained oleic acid at approximately 5% of fatty acids. The HP treatment decreased dry matter intake (DMI) by 1.9 kg/d and 1.1 kg/d compared with SA and CON, respectively. Milk yield was not changed by treatment, but INT increased energy-corrected milk by 2.7 kg/d compared with HS. The HP and INT treatments increased milk fat yield by 0.11 and 0.14 kg/d compared with CON, respectively. Additionally, HP decreased yield of <16 carbon fatty acids (FA; de novo synthesized) by 44 g/d and 43 g/d compared with INT and CON, respectively. The HP treatment increased 16-carbon FA (mixed source) by 155 g/d compared with CON and 64 g/d relative to INT. No effect of treatment on apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, or neutral detergent fiber was detectable. The INT and HS treatments decreased total-tract digestibility of 16-carbon FA by 10.3 and 10.5 percentage units compared with HP, respectively. Total-tract digestibility of 18-carbon FA was lowest in the HS diet and highest with HP. In conclusion, supplementing PA increased milk fat yield compared with control and SA, but supplementing a mixture of PA and SA increased energy-corrected milk without decreasing intake. The FA profile of fat supplements influences their digestibility and effects on DMI and milk and milk fat synthesis.

N-3 fatty acid EPA supplementation in cancer patients receiving abdominal radiotherapy - A randomised controlled trial.

Malnutrition occurs frequently in patients with cancer during and after radiotherapy to the gastrointestinal (GI) and pelvic area and can lead to negative outcomes. N-3 fatty acids from fish, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may possess anticachectic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two nutritional interventions; dietary counselling and a daily oral nutritional supplement (ONS) containing 33.8g of protein and 2.2g EPA and 1.1g docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or standard care, including dietary counselling and protein supplementation when needed. Outpatients commencing radiotherapy to the GI area were randomized to receive dietary counselling and daily supplementation over a 5-7-week period or standard care. Outcome parameters were measured at baseline (onset of radiotherapy), week 5, and 12 weeks after commencing radiotherapy, with one additional measurement of body weight at week 2. Quality of life (QoL) was measured using the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Radiotherapy-related side effects were assessed using a questionnaire developed specifically for this study. Data from a historical control group collected in a previous observational study were included in this study to compare incidence of weight loss. In total, 30 patients were recruited to this study and 26 patients were enrolled and randomised. The rate of withdrawals was 7.7% at week 2, 15.4% at week 5, and 19.2% at week 12. In total, 22 patients completed the intervention. All the patients in the ONS-group and 85% in the control group experienced weight-loss. Using the intention to treat principle, there were no significant differences between groups in any of the outcomes. All patients experienced side effects. Five out of 11 patients consumed more than 75% of prescribed dose of the fish oil enriched oral nutritional supplement. Post hoc analysis showed that at week 2 the weight changed in high-compliant patients was+1.7% (1.0-2.6) compared with-0.7% (-2.8 to-0.1) in low compliant patients (p<0,01). The results indicated a dose-response relationship, as correlation analysis recovered a significant positive correlation between weight change and compliance to the fish oil enriched nutritional supplement at both week 2 and 5 (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively), but not at week 12, indicating a dose-response relationship during radiotherapy but not after. The proportion of patients experiencing weight loss throughout the study period was higher in this study (84.2%) than in the historical control group (73%) (p<0.05%). This study showed no effect from dietary counselling and intended protein/fish-oil supplementation on weight loss, quality of life, and nutritional intake, micronutrient status in plasma or radiotherapy-related side effects compared to the control group. However, the compliance to the fish oil enriched oral nutritional supplement was low. Post hoc analysis of dose-response relations indicate a positive correlation between the compliance and the ability to reduce weight loss in cancer patients during radiotherapy treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS. NCT04687124.

Vitamin D3‐loaded nanophytosomes for enrichment purposes: Formulation, structure optimization, and controlled release

AbstractThis study was aimed at using the nanophytosome delivery system to increase stability and controlled release of vitamin D3 due to the low stability of vitamin D3 during storage and digestion conditions. Response surface methodology was utilized to optimize the effect of reaction temperature, and ratios of vitamin D3/lecithin and complex/solvent on the responses. The optimum phytosome was characterized for differential scanning calorimetry, morphology, stability, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), antioxidant activity, moisture content, solubility, and in vitro release kinetics. FTIR spectra indicated the complex between vitamin D3 and lecithin was formed by hydrogen bonds. The optimum phytosome had a protective effect on the antioxidant activity of vitamin D3 and also had a significant increase in the solubility of vitamin D3 into aquatic media. The release of vitamin D3 in the intestine medium followed the Fickian diffusion mechanism. The optimization of variables to produce optimum phytosome increased their stability during storage.Practical applicationsA main part of the people nowadays are suffering with the lack of vitamin D3 majorly related to the loss of 7‐hydrocholesterol resources available in the skin over the years, due to the lack of contact with ultraviolet (UV) light. Several benefits reported for vitamin D3 intake including the increase of calcium and phosphorus absorption in the small intestine and the homeostasis of these minerals in the bloodstream, which prevent diseases as osteoporosis among others. Fat‐soluble vitamins such as vitamin D3 are sensitive compounds that should be protected from oxidation agents. Entrapment of vitamin D3 in phytosomes is an effective way to protect the main properties of vitamin D3 during the storage, production of an enriched food supplement with vitamin D3, and creates a physicochemical barrier against oxidation agents such as free radicals, oxygen, or UV light.

Quick and effective improvement of leucine enriched dietary supplement on malnutrition in acute stroke patients receiving enteral tube feeding

BackgroundMalnutrition often occurs in acute stroke patients receiving enteral tube feeding (ETF). Unless malnutrition is improved, their clinical outcome is poor. However, strategies to improve malnutrition in these patients have not been established. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) may enhance protein synthesis and attenuate inflammation. Our study aimed to investigate whether a leucine enriched BCAA dietary supplement (LEBDs) could quickly increase serum levels of albumin (Alb) or transthyretin (TTR) and decrease high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) in the development of severe malnutrition within a few days after stroke onset compared to standard BCAA dietary supplement (SBDs).MethodsWe retrospectively included acute stroke patients who: 1) were admitted between August 2016 and July 2017; 2) underwent ETF for 7 days or longer after admission, and 3) underwent blood examination of Alb, TTR, and CRP on admission, the fifth day and the seventh day. We defined severe malnutrition as severe hypoproteinemia: decrease of TTR to less than 15 mg/dl on the 5th day. In LEBDs and SBDs groups, patients started to receive a dietary supplement containing leucine of 1.44 and 0. 72 g twice a day on the fifth day, respectively. We evaluated Alb (g/dl), TTR (mg/dl), and CRP (mg/dl) on admission, the fifth day, and the seventh day.ResultsTwenty-nine patients met our inclusion criteria:15 in LEBDs and 14 in SBDs. In LEBDs and SBDs groups, the median Alb was 3.5 and 3.3 g/dl, TTR was 12.7 and 10.7 mg/dl, and CRP was 1.02 and 0.673 mg/dl on admission, respectively. In LEBDs, the median Alb and TTR decreased to 2.6 g/dl and 11.9 mg/dl, and CRP increased to 5.337 mg/dl on the fifth day. On the 7th day, TTR increased, and CRP decreased, although Alb did not improve. In SBDs, the median Alb and TTR decreased to 2.6 g/dl and 9.7 mg/dl, and CRP increased to 4.077 mg/dl on the fifth day. On the 7th day, Alb, TTR, and CRP did not improve.ConclusionIn acute stroke patients receiving leucine enriched BCAA dietary supplement, quick improvements in transthyretin and CRP were observed.

Resistant starch type-2 enriched cookies modulate uremic toxins and inflammation in hemodialysis patients: a randomized, double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistant starch (RS) enriched cookies supplementation on mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factors (nuclear erythroid 2-related factor, Nrf2; nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-κB), involved with inflammation and on uremic toxins levels produced by the gut microbiota in hemodialysis (HD) patients. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study with 26 HD patients was conducted. The patients were assigned to either resistant starch enriched cookies (16 g of RS per day) or placebo cookies supplementation during the first four weeks. After the washout period, patients were supplemented again, in the form of a crossover, for another 4 weeks. Nrf2, NF-κB, and antioxidant enzymes mRNA expression were measured by rt-PCR and protein expression by western blotting assay from isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers, as well as uremic toxins, were evaluated. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed, using the proc mixed procedure in SAS. In RS group, post-treatment mean mRNA Nrf2 expression was market increased from baseline values, associated with a high expression of NQO1 protein. Besides, IS plasma levels were reduced in the RS group. No significant difference was observed in the placebo group. Our results suggested that resistant starch enriched cookies may be a good nutritional strategy to reduce indoxyl sulfate levels derived from the gut microbiota and also attenuate the inflammation in hemodialysis patients.

Intervensi Untuk Meningkatan Status Nutrisi Pasien Hemodialisa : Systematic Review

Hemodialysis is a therapy in patients with kidney failure associated with inflammatory processes and malnutrition. This systematic review aims to identify and assess the effectiveness of nursing interventions that have an impact on the nutritional status of patients with hemodialysis. A systematic search was carried out in several international data bases, namely: PuBMED, ProQUEST, and Science Direct. We included 9 studies related to intervention to improve the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients who have been tested for quality with CASP and JBI. There are 3 studies evaluating educational and information interventions, 3 studies evaluating enriched food supplementation, 2 studies evaluating dietary interventions, and 1 studi evaluating physical exercise interventions. The studi included significant results on positive changes in the nutritional status of hemodialysis patients, ie there was an increase in food intake, nutritional laboratory markers, anthropometrics and there was a decrease in serum trigleserid levels, IDGW lines and dry weight, and no PEM condition was found after the intervention was given in time certain. The choice of education and information interventions, the provision of enriched food supplements, diet and physical exercise can provide a good effect on improving the nutritional status of patients with hemodialysis, but resources and cost effectiveness need to be taken into consideration.

Effects of Different Vitamin C-Enriched Collagen Derivatives on Collagen Synthesis.

Nutritional strategies to improve connective tissue collagen synthesis have garnered significant interest, although the scientific validity of these interventions lags behind their hype. This study was designed to determine the effects of three forms of collagen on N-terminal peptide of procollagen and serum amino acid levels. A total of 10 recreationally active males completed a randomized double-blinded crossover design study consuming either placebo or 15g of vitamin C-enriched gelatin or hydrolyzed collagen (HC), or gummy containing equal parts of gelatin and HC. Supplements were consumed 1hr before 6min of jump rope. Blood samples were collected immediately prior to supplement consumption and 4hr after jump rope. A subset of blood samples (n = 4) was collected for amino acid analysis 1hr after ingestion. Consumption of an equivalent dose of each supplement increased amino acids in the circulation similarly across all interventions. N-terminal peptide of procollagen levels tended to increase ∼20% from baseline in the gelatin and HC interventions but not the placebo or gummy. These results suggest that vitamin C-enriched gelatin and HC supplementation may improve collagen synthesis when taken 1 hr prior to exercise. However, large variability was observed, which precluded significance for any treatment.

Effects of Enriched Charcoal as Permanent 0.2% Feed-Additive in Standard and Low-Protein Diets of Male Fattening Turkeys: An On-Farm Study.

Simple SummaryImproving animal welfare, animal health and environmental issues is important in modern animal farming. In fattening of male turkeys, footpad dermatitis is a very frequent problem. Reducing faecal moisture is one way of controlling one source of footpad dermatitis. Therefore, in the present study, conducted under on-farm conditions, we added 0.2% enriched charcoal (known as a household remedy in therapy of diarrhoea and microbial imbalances) to the diet. Additionally, in a second experiment, the protein content of the diet was reduced by 1% from weeks 6–13 of life to slow down the growth rate and to reduce nitrogen in the litter. Three farms were visited four times during the fattening period to collect data on the birds. The charcoal-supplemented diet showed no effects on the performance of the birds or the examined health parameters. The protein-reduced and charcoal-supplemented diet did not influence the final bodyweight or the footpad status but reduced the mortality during the fattening period by 0.5%. In conclusion, enriched charcoal as 0.2% feed additive does not improve animal health, welfare or performance. Hence, a diet with temporarily reduced protein shows beneficial effects on the mortality rate and has no negative influence on the final body weight.Wet litter is the most important cause of footpad dermatitis in poultry, this in turn being a highly relevant animal-related welfare indicator. This field study was subdivided into two experiments. In Experiment 1, the standard diet was supplemented by 0.2% enriched charcoal, being a non-specific absorber and therefore might be promising in reducing faecal moisture. In Experiment 2, the experimental group received a reduced crude protein diet during weeks 6–13, combined with a 0.2% enriched charcoal supplementation. The trials were each conducted with two batches on three farms under on-farm conditions. The animals were observed at 6, 10, 14 and 18 weeks of age to collect data on body weight and different health parameters. The mortality and litter samples were analysed after slaughtering. In Experiment 1, performance and health were not affected despite higher dry matter content of the litter. In Experiment 2, the weight of birds receiving the protein-reduced diet was decreased significantly throughout the experiment. However, the slaughter weight did not differ. The mortality was reduced by 0.5% in the experimental group. Therefore, it was concluded that 0.2% of enriched charcoal is not a valuable feed-additive regarding animal health, while temporary protein reduction might have positive effects.

Cardioprotective Effect of a Virgin Olive Oil Enriched with Bioactive Compounds in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Olive oil and its derivatives have been described to exert beneficial effects on hypertensive states and cardiovascular disease prevention. We studied the effects of chronic consumption of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO), enriched in bioactive compounds from olive fruit and leaves, on blood pressure, endothelial function, oxidative and inflammatory status, and circulating cholesterol levels, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Thirty SHR were randomly assigned to three groups: a control untreated SHR group, an SHR group (1 mL/rat/day) of a control olive oil (17.6 mg/kg of phenolic compounds), and an SHR group (1 mL/rat/day) of the enriched EVOO (750 mg/kg of phenolic compounds) for eight weeks. Ten Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY) were included as healthy controls. Long-term administration of the enriched EVOO decreased systolic blood pressure and cardiac hypertrophy, and improved the ex vivo aortic endothelial dysfunction measured in SHR. Moreover, enriched oil supplementation reduced the plasma levels of Angiotensin II and total cholesterol, and the urinary levels of endothelin-1 and oxidative stress biomarkers, while pro-inflammatory cytokines were unaffected. In conclusion, sustained treatment with EVOO, enriched in bioactive compounds from the olive fruit and leaves, may be an effective tool for reducing blood pressure and cholesterol levels alone or in combination with pharmacological anti-hypertensive treatment.

Synthesis and characterization of calcium phosphorylated inulin complex as a new source of enriched calcium supplement with prebiotic effect in food

Abstract Bioavailability of calcium in food is not high. Calcium ions can react with the organic acids such as oxalic acid and phytic acid in the food to form insoluble salt. Calcium phosphorylated inulin (CaPInu) was developed as a new potential functional food. Inulin was chemically modified by importing charged group using esterification with phosphate mixture in order to chelate calcium. Two equivalence points of the introduced phosphate groups were estimated to be around 3.85 and 8.76 by potentiometric titration. The structural characterization indicated that C6-OH in the chemical structure of phosphorylated inulin was located in the outside of the sugar ring and its steric hindrance was relatively small and esterification was performed with phosphate easily. CaPInu could stimulate the growth of Bifidobacteria and decrase pH in vitro fermentation. Low pH in colon is benefit to the dissolution of calcium. Mice fed CaPInu diet had a higher serum calcium and femur weight compared with the control diet.

Evaluation of antimicrobial properties and their substances against pathogenic bacteria in-vitro by probiotic Lactobacilli strains isolated from commercial yoghurt

Milk and milk products have been used by human population since ancient ages and have been a well known source of Lactobacilli. The beneficial effects of viable probiotic bacteria as dietary supplements have gained huge research interest, Lactobacillus spp. with probiotic characteristics are widely used to prepare fermented dairy products such as yoghurts, milk-shakes etc. The goal of the present study was to examine Lactobacillus species with potential activities, total four different companies of Yoghurt samples were collected from City market of Gulbarga region for isolation of probiotic Lactobacillus species. Among the samples, 32 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated, thirteen (13/32) best Lactobacillus isolates were selected by preliminary screening as potential probiotics with antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria. All the Lactobacillus isolates were then characterized in vitro for their probiotic characteristics and antimicrobial activities against pathogens. The isolates were resistant to NaCl (1–6%), bile salt (0.5–3%) and showed good growth in the acidic condition, while maximum growth was observed at pH around 6.0. All the isolates were susceptible to clinical antibiotics; also the isolates were exhibited effective aggregation and hydrophobicity studies. Based on the results, selected Lactobacillus isolates were considered as novel and potential probiotic bacteria. Thus, further extensive research on isolation and characterization of probiotic bacteria from local dairy products and their growth optimization might be necessity for development of probiotic enriched food supplement and human health benefits through prevention and controlling of bacterial infections.

Influence of Flaxseed Lignan Supplementation to Older Adults on Biochemical and Functional Outcome Measures of Inflammation

ABSTRACT Evidence from the literature suggests that dietary flaxseed lignans have the ability to modulate inflammation, which is recognized as the underlying basis of multiple chronic human diseases in older adults. Our objective was to determine the effects of oral lignan supplementation on biochemical and functional indicators of inflammation as well as safety and tolerability in older healthy adults. We designed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in older healthy adults (60–80 years) to assess flaxseed lignan–enriched complex (∼38% secoisolariciresinol diglucoside [SDG]; 600 mg SDG dose) oral supplementation effects on biochemical and functional indicators of inflammation and safety and tolerability in older healthy adults after 6 months of once-daily oral administration. The clinical trial confirmed that plasma concentration of total flaxseed lignans (free and conjugated forms) secoisolariciresinol (SECO), enterodiol (ED), and enterolactone (ENL) were significantly associated with daily oral supplementation of flaxseed lignan–enriched complex (p < 0.05). A significant decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP; from a mean of 155 ± 13 mm Hg at baseline to 140 ± 11 mm Hg at 24 weeks) was observed in lignan-supplemented participants stratified into an SBP ≥140 mm Hg subcategory (p = 0.04). No differences were found between treatment or placebo groups in terms of cognition, pain, activity, physical measurements (calf, waist, and upper arm circumstances), and grip strength. With respect to blood inflammatory markers, lipid profiles, and biochemical parameters, no significant differences were found between treatment and placebo groups at the end of the 6-month supplementation. No adverse effects were reported during supplementation. These data further support the safety and tolerability of long-term flaxseed lignan–enriched complex supplementation in older adults and identify an ability to favorably modulate SBP, an important risk factor in cardiovascular disease.

Protocol for a 24-Week Randomized Controlled Study of Once-Daily Oral Dose of Flax Lignan to Healthy Older Adults.

BackgroundIncreased oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with aging, and contribute to an increased risk of chronic disease in older adults. Flaxseed lignans demonstrate antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, but their ability to reduce oxidative stress and inflammation markers in older adult populations has received limited investigation.ObjectiveThis is a chronic intervention trial of community-dwelling healthy older adults to examine the effects of a flaxseed lignan (secoisolariciresinol diglucoside; SDG) enriched supplement (BeneFlax) compared to a placebo. The primary aim was to demonstrate the safety of BeneFlax and confirm its anti-inflammatory efficacy on markers of oxidative stress and inflammation, and subsequent functional outcomes, including those associated with its anti-inflammatory efficacy. A secondary aim was to determine flaxseed lignan metabolite concentrations in blood.MethodsA double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted. Subjects were healthy community-dwelling adults aged 60-80 years. Testing was performed at baseline, 8, 16, and 24 weeks. The 24-week intervention consisted of 600 milligrams (mg) of SDG daily or an equivalent amount (volume) of placebo. All participants received 1000 international units of vitamin D to ensure adequate vitamin D status. Measurements consisted of blood pressure, hematology, and tolerability for safety assessments; blood oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers for efficacy; and cognition, muscle strength, and pain as functional outcomes. Secondary endpoints of plasma levels of lignan metabolites were analyzed by mass spectrometry. Other tests, such as bone turnover markers and fecal levels of flax cyclolinopeptides, will be performed at a later date.ResultsThirty-two participants were recruited (19 intervention and 13 control) and all completed the trial. Numerous Health Canada-imposed exclusion criteria limited recruitment success. Analyses are ongoing, but the baseline data available for a number of parameters indicate no differences between treatment groups. Safety measures (vital signs) did not change from baseline and were not significantly different between treatment and placebo groups at 24 weeks.ConclusionsPreliminary results indicate that no safety concerns are associated with administering 600 mg SDG for 24 weeks to adults between the ages of 60 and 80 years.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT01846117; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01846117 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6nlDZNjmA)

Selenium enriched dietary supplement rapid screening method using XRF and DART-HRAM-MS for label verification

Labelled selenium ingredients in dietary supplements can be assessed quickly, in under an hour, using a combination of XRF and DART-HRAM-MS.