Enlightenment Literature Research Articles

Devovi epigrami v Pisanicah

Parallel to its development in German Enlightenment literature epigram appeared also in Slovene poetry of the period. Between the years 1779 and 1781, Janez Damascen Dev published four epigrams in the first Slovene poetry almanac Pisanice, while six remained in manuscript form for the fourth volume. The article discusses structural features and the character of epigrams.

„O! Czemuż nie jesteś mi równą!”. O mezaliansie w literaturze polskiego oświecenia

The article focuses on the role and function of the mesalliance motif in the Polish Enlightenment literature. At the beginning, the article explains the concept of misalliance and outlines the historical context, with particular emphasis on the situation of women in Poland of that time. Then the focus turned to the analysis of selected texts in the context of questioning authority and negating the prevailing social norms. As a result, it was illustrated how the image of misalliance changed from the second half of the 18th century to the first decade of the 19th century.

Data Visualization in Enlightenment Literature and Culture ed. by Ileana Baird (review)

Data Visualization in Enlightenment Literature and Culture ed. by Ileana Baird (review)

:Fiction without Humanity: Person, Animal, Thing in Early Enlightenment Literature and Culture

Previous articleNext article No AccessEarly ModernLynn Festa. Fiction without Humanity: Person, Animal, Thing in Early Enlightenment Literature and Culture. 350 pp., figs., notes, bibl., index. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019. $69.95 (cloth); ISBN 9780812251319. Paper available.Ian DuncanIan Duncan Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Isis Volume 114, Number 1March 2023 Publication of the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/723689 Views: 13Total views on this site For permission to reuse, please contact [email protected]PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Iran and a French Empire of Trade, 1700–1808: The Other Persian Letters by Junko Thérèse Takeda

Reviewed by: Iran and a French Empire of Trade, 1700–1808: The Other Persian Letters by Junko Thérèse Takeda Susan Mokhberi Iran and a French Empire of Trade, 1700–1808: The Other Persian Letters. By junko thérèse takeda. Oxford University Studies in the Enlightenment. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2020. Recently scholars have turned their attention to the impact Asia, and especially Persia and the Ottoman Empire, made in France prior to Montesquieu's Persian Letters.1 Junko Takeda's timely book takes off from this point in the early eighteenth century arguing that Persia continued to make a strong impact in France, shaping economics, military technology, and politics from the pre-Revolutionary era to Napoleon. Takeda unearths a truly global Enlightenment era in which Frenchmen watched events in Persia and responded, revealing the commercial and intellectual intertwining of Asian and European Empires. Takeda's method advances the field of global history by taking a microhistorical approach. She relates accounts of unexpected characters including merchant-diplomats, former gambling-house Madams, Armenian envoys, and Enlightenment figures. The book uncovers how Persian and French relations advanced through the contributions of these various marginalized people from across the Mediterranean world, far from the halls of Versailles and revolutionary chambers. The diverse cast of figures negotiated treaties, dealt in arms and commercial exchange, and spread Enlightenment and Revolutionary ideas from Asia to France. Chapter one draws on Takeda's extensive knowledge of the commercial politics of Marseille, the subject of her first book. Here, she explores the rise of the Fabre family, a powerful merchant family in Marseille who had ties to Versailles. She explains how the French monarchy selected one of the Fabre family members, despite inadequate experience and more qualified candidates, to become the official envoy to the Safavid Shah in 1705. The French court "rewarded [End Page 149] loyalty over ingenuity, talent or even wealth," thereby leading to chaotic results. Chapter two traces the 1705 embassy of Jean-Baptiste Fabre to Persia and the woman who accompanied him, Marie Petit, a former Madam and woman of questionable repute. Her role in French-Persian relations was most famously laid out in the 1950s by historian Laurence Lockhart.2 The French sources, written by Petit's male opponents discredited her as a hindrance to politics and marked her as a symbol of disorder. Takeda teases out Marie Petit's voice and salvages her side of the story thereby raising Petit from a marginal, tarnished figure to a role of importance in international politics. Chapter three traces continued attempts to forge a treaty between France and Persia in the early eighteenth century. Individuals, including a rich Armenian merchant, spearheaded efforts to supply Persia with arms against the opponents that encircled the Safavid empire. Takeda highlights the personal tragedy and struggles such individuals underwent to shape international relations. For instance, the Armenian merchant was one of the wealthiest merchants in Yerevan when he embarked on his commercial and diplomatic quest to Europe. He became Persia's first consul to France but after surviving the plague in Marseille and thirteen years of difficulties, he died in Marseille in ruins. Chapter four connects Enlightenment ideas of Revolution to events in Asia. Montesquieu, Voltaire, and others wrote about the turbulent transformations in government across Asia. Takeda carefully unpacks this vast Enlightenment literature on the political convulsions that shook Persia. In tune with the recent translation of Jürgen Osterhammel's essay on the impact of Nadir Shah, the Persian eighteenth-century conqueror who took over the weakened Safavid dynasty and established a vast but short-lived Asian empire, Takeda shows how discussions of Nadir Shah's rise and fall shaped the French conversation about revolution and notions of violence and human rights.3 Taking into account the vast literature on Persian revolutions, [End Page 150] Takeda convincingly shows that the causes of the French Revolution included discussions stretching from Persia and beyond, and therefore more global than previously imagined. Chapter five spotlights the oft-forgotten personality, dubbed the "other" Rousseau, Jean-François Rousseau, the cousin of Jean Baptiste. Raised in Persia, Jean-François was an advocate of the French Revolution and one of...

What Is It Like to Be a Human?

Abstract: A review of Lynn Festa's Fiction Without Humanity: Person, Animal, Thing in Early Enlightenment Literature and Culture (Philadelphia, 2021).

Eudaimonic entertainment as new Enlightenment: Critical thinking as a mind-set effect of narratives

We propose to extend the theoretical concept of eudaimonia as a media effect with critical thinking as a mind-set effect. Critical thinking as a mind-set effect means that media narratives can stimulate viewers and readers to think critically in any situation, even outside of the exposure situation and applied to other topics. It denotes a generally heightened critical attitude or “mind-set” to approach issues and situations by taking different pieces of information into account, weighing and analyzing them, developing one's own arguments and drawing conclusions. People with this mind-set try to be well-informed, use credible sources and observations, are alert for alternatives, open-minded, maintain and change views according to evidence, and are motivated to hold accurate beliefs. In this article, we provide a theoretical elaboration of the idea of critical thinking as a mind-set effect, and connect it to traditions of Enlightenment literature as well as theoretical approaches on narrative effects. We also present data from a qualitative pilot study using the film “Don't look up” to explore the potential of such an extension of eudaimonic entertainment. Finally, we discuss implications of introducing critical thinking as a mind-set effect for narrative persuasion.

Turkish-Uzbek Enlightenment literature theoretical foundations

In this article the renewal movements in Turkey and Uzbekistan in the beginning of the ХХ th century, the works of its main representatives, Mehmed Akif Ersoy and Abdurauf Fitrat are comparatively studied. The theoretical foundations of Turkish-Uzbek enlightenment literature are determined based on the principles of comparative literary studies. There is given an overview of the Western factors that influenced this literature.

»Apologie der Vorurtheile«?

Abstract Christoph Martin Wieland’s late work deals with the function of prejudice in popular enlightenment and the, at the time, new phenomenon of public opinion. It offers a productive and original reading of enlightenment literature’s role in the modern critique of ideology.

1950년대 초반 보건세계 와 마산의 결핵계몽

The study examined the TB enlightenment phenomenon and the meaning and characteristics of he World of Health in Masan in the early 1950s, targeting The World of Health(1-8) published at the National Masan Tuberculosis Care Center. In this study, as the primary work, The World of Health’s bibliography, media tendencies, editorial direction and media characteristics were introduced in the dimension of media introduction. First, the background of the publication of the Korean Tuberculosis Association bronchial The World of Health started from the magazine You, which was published at the National Masan Tuberculosis Nursing Home in the early 1950s. Kim Daekyu, who played a pivotal role in the work, followed the first issue of TB enlightenment The World of Health on July 1, 1953, followed by the second(1953. 8) and third(1953. 9), 4(1953. 12), 5(1954. 1), 6(1954. 3), 7(1954. 4), and 8(1954. 5) were published in Masan. Since then, The World of Health has been transferred to the Tuberculosis Association without any conditions in December 1954. Next, looking at the bibliography and editorial characteristics of The World of Health(1-8), This is the oriented ideology of the magazine media, science, humanism and warm affection, and kept the system unchanged until the eighth even in difficult circumstances. And this included doctors’ columns on tuberculosis, patient's battling period, literary poetry and prose, introduction of medical facilities and current affairs. In particular, the fact that the emphasis on each book is on the comments of specialists has given meaning as a tuberculosis enlightenment magazine. At that time, The World of Health was used as a forum for information exchange among patients along with the delivery of knowledge about diseases, and played a role as a cultural magazine leading the discourse of the time on tuberculosis. In the future, discussions on The World of Health overall should be further deepened. For example, the study on the status and meaning of the cultural center for tuberculosis prevention in the bibliographical dimension, the characteristics of tuberculosis literature or medical literature in the literary dimension, and the role and prospect of tuberculosis enlightenment in the social dimension should follow. In conclusion, The World of Health has its value and status as a tuberculosis enlightenment magazine through medical knowledge and discourse on tuberculosis treatment and treatment.In this article, the meaning and characteristics of Masan’s TB discourse, which had a reputation as a city of recreation and healing, and media The World of Health(1-8), which played a pivotal role in TB enlightenment, were introduced in the dimension of local research. However, in order to understand the TB history in Korea, it is necessary to encourage Masan’s multifaceted and in-depth approach to TB enlightenment and TB literature.

Dialogues for the blind and those who can see, or Philosophy in the boudoir

The article analyzes the artistic features of Diderot and Sade’s philosophical dialogues, which allow authors to convey innovative ideas to readers, to turn a serious treatise into a fascinating theatrical show. These works (Diderot’s D’Alembert’s Dream (1769, publ. 1830–1831) and Conversation of a philosopher with the Maréchale de *** (1774, publ. 1775); Marquis de Sade’s Dialogue between a priest and a dying man (1782) and Philosophy in the Boudoir (1785)) are united not only by a dialogical form, but also by the original use of such rhetorical figures as fantasy and evidence, thanks to which abstract philosophical and scientific ideas appear directly before the reader’s eyes. Briefly dwelling on the importance and specificity of these techniques in antiquity, the author of the article examines their manifestations in the studied texts, referring to the history of their creation, structure, chronotype, heroes, mise-en-scène. All dialogues take place in a private setting, which allows the libertine heroes to express without fear their views, communicating them to their listeners in an intelligible language. In all dialogues, fictionality is combined with factuality, but if Diderot represents real characters in fictional situations, the Sade’s fictional characters quote well-known philosophical and anthropological works. The research makes it possible to better understand specificity and popularity of the genre of dialogue in the French Enlightenment literature.

Контекст текста: паратекстовые составляющие поэм Джоэла Барло

The paper presents the analysis of attendant texts in the poems of one of the authors of the American Enlightenment epoch Joel Barlow (1755 –1812) “The Vision of Columbus” (1787) and “The Columbiad” (1807). G. Genette pointed out that paratext as a system of secondary texts is the constituent part of the totality of literary work and produces its impact upon the reader. The examination of the titles, prefaces and commentaries undertaken in the paper helps to reveal means and mechanisms used by Barlow to originate the contact with the reader, and also reach the poems’ pragmatic potential. According to J. Barlow‘s intention the synergy of the text and all the paratext elements was to generate a coherent narrative of American history “from Columbus to Washington.” Comprehensive unity of the poems’ texts and their peritexts address the dual goal. First, they create a large-scale historic panorama, and on the other hand strive to implant onto readers’ minds some philosophic and political ideas having both crucial importance for the national identity formation in general, but also momentary relevance. But in “The Columbiad” paratext acquires an additional dimension of ideological and methodological guidance. The author reveals his narrative strategies defining the reading procedure. The poem’s paratext explicitly records author’s awareness of the crisis of the Enlightenment aesthetic conscience at the turn of the 18th –19th centuries. So, the comparison of paratextuality of the two poems created with an interval of 20 years at some point presents the logic of fate of the Enlightenment literature in the USA.

Influence of enlightenment literature on Indian and Kazakh society

Literature is the writer's ink manifestation of the art of expression. Fiction is the most important form of art. In the flow of communication, the synthesis of culture and literature has always been present. The influence of the concept of enlightenment in literature on culture is the subject of this article. The concept of enlightenment ushered in a period of cultural modernization in society, which was accompanied by advances in scientific, metaphysical, and social thought. The Enlightenment is regarded as one of the most pivotal times in Western and Eastern history. It was a time of intellectual movement, of liberation from darkness, of liberation from oppression by revolution, and of a shift in the social category based on rationalism and free thought. The aim of this article is to compare the harmony in the artistic heritage of Indian and Kazakh authors, who are great representatives of national culture in the dialogue of civilizations, to examine the manifestation of the concept of enlightenment in society in literature, and to demonstrate that this time brought significant social changes. Keywords: enlightenment period, enlightenment idea, literature, revolution, intellectual movement, modernization, society, realism.

최남선과 바이런: 『소년』에 출판된 바이런의 시들

This study examines Ch’oe Namsŏn’s use of Byron’s works in Sonyeon (『少年』)—Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto the forth and The Corsair. Particularly focusing on the reception history—how he came to know Byron’s works and what sources he used to compose an adaptation poem, “From the Ocean to the Boys”(「海에게서 少年에게」) and to translate “Byron’s Haejeokga”(「빠이론의 海賊歌」) and “Daeyang”(「大洋」) into Korean, this study also articulates Korean intellectual’s exposure to the Japanese literary history in which Byron was in vogue in the early twentieth century. So far, scholars have only paid passing attention to the importance of Ch’oe’s use of Byron’s works, although they are essential parts of his enlightenment literature depending heavily upon the translation of Western literature. The ocean image in Byron’s works that Ch’oe borrowed to use even as an opening poem of the first volume of the magazine affects other works in the series of Sonyeon as a pivotal symbol that Korean boys should learn from and challenge against to become a reliable future generation for the nation’s freedom and independence. With Ch’oe’s initial introduction of Byron’s works with other western literary works highlighting adventure and challenge to Korean boys, he contributed to pave a way for Korean intellectuals eventually to long for the freedom of the nation in foreign literature in the following decades.

ОТ ДРЕВА МОНАРХИИ К НАЦИИ: ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ МЕТАФОР ВО ФРАНЦУЗСКОМ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОМ ДИСКУРСЕ РАННЕГО НОВОГО ВРЕМЕНИ

The article examines three legal treatises written between the late 16th and late 18th centuries, whose authors used the language of metaphors, analyzing also the way this language was reflected in images. Both jurists and artists tried to demonstrate to their readers and spectators that society was unified and, at the same time, consisted of estates unequal in their status. For this purpose, metaphors of the human body, tree, army, and family were used. Over the period under discussion, the attitude towards metaphors changed significantly. Although the possibility of using the language of metaphors to adequately describe and know society was put into doubt more than once in the 17th and 18th centuries, contemporaries did not abandon this language. In the 18th century, many of the usual metaphors were rethought in Enlightenment literature, as well as in journalism and propaganda texts published on the eve of the French Revolution. The body metaphor received a new interpretation within the framework of the social contract concept, while the image of France as the king’s spouse was transformed into the figure of Marianne the Republic.

THE ROLE OF SIRKHAK AND KEKHWA UNDON MOVEMENTS IN THE LITERATURE OF THE KOREAN ENLIGHTENMENT PERIOD

The analysis of the complex literary processes that took place in the development of modern Korean literature is of great theoretical importance. Unlike many other national literatures, Korean literature is characterized by rapid development during its development stage. During the country’s transition from the feudal system to the capitalist system in a relatively short historical period, drastic changes also occurred in literature. This increases the importance of studying Korean literature of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Enlightenment literature occupies an important place in the formation process of modern Korean national prose. Elucidation of the study of the formation and development trends of the literature of the Enlightenment period is becoming urgent. The role of sirhak and kekhwa undon movements in the literature of the Korean Enlightenment period, the formation and development of the Korean Enlightenment literature, and the continuous efforts of the Enlightenmentists of the period to "awaken the people" are reflected in the article.

The Traces of Ahmad Yassawi in Turkistanian Religious and Enlightenment Literature at the End of 19th and the Beginning of the 20th Century

AbstractIn the history of the Turkish-Islamic world, on the one hand, the persecution of imperialism, andon the other hand, the classical and new traditions of literature continued in Turkistan from theearly 19th century to the early 20th century. Although it was not very productive compared to theold times, religious-sufistic literature partially sustained, but it was experiencing its final processes.Because, “Pir-i Turkistan” (Saint Teacher of Turkestan) written by Hoja Ahmad Yassawi, who wasknown as the founder of the religious-mystical school named as Hikmat (wisdom) in the literatureof Turkestan, as well as the founder of the first Turkic sect, and Yassawian teachings have beenpracticing for centuries in the social and spiritual life of Central Asian Turks. As a result of this effect,the ideas and views of Ahmad Yassawi spread in the Turkic world. As a matter of fact, many Yassawifollowers such as Sulayman Hakim Ata, Kul Ubaydi, Kul Umuri, Nimatullah, Miskin Kasim, andHalis developed the tradition of Hikmat with their poetry. On the other hand, Sufi MuhammadDanishmand, Husameddin Signaki, Mevlana Koylaki, Hoja Ishak Ata, Ubeydi, Hudaydad Veli,Hazini, Alim Sheikh, Muhammad Husayin Buhari, Zinde Ali, Molla Hudaydad, and many sufiwriters who lived in different times and places, created the literature of Yassawian teachings withtheir literary and mystical works. When we take a look at religious-marvelous literature in the 19thcentury, we can see dozens of vise poets such as Hudaydad, Nizami-Hokandi, Hazini-Hokandi, andKul Nadiri, who continue this tradition and inspired by Yassawi’s poems. In the article, the lifeand works of ingenious poets such as Azim Hoja Eshan, Majzub Nemengani, and Molla YoldashHilwati, who are influenced by Hoja Ahmad Yassawi’s ideas and opinions, will be discussed with aperspective of period and literature.Keywords: Azim Hoja, Majzub,

Fiction without Humanity: Person, Animal, Thing in Early Enlightenment Literature and Culture by Lynn Festa

<i>Fiction without Humanity: Person, Animal, Thing in Early Enlightenment Literature and Culture</i> by Lynn Festa

Aydınlanma Felsefesi ve Alman Aydınlanma Edebiyatı

Globalleşen dünyanın giderek artan ihtiyaçlar silsilesi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda; hoşgörü, anlayış, empati gibi insani kavramların ilk sıralarda yer almasına şaşırılmamalıdır. Homo habilis’ten bu yana insanlık sadece fizyolojik veya teknolojik gelişim ve dönüşümler göstermemiş, aynı zamanda duygusal gelişimler de sergilemiştir. Bunlar kimi zaman olumlu yönde serpilirken, kimi zaman da olumsuz yönde yayılmıştır. 18. yüzyıla gelindiğinde ise Homo sapiens geçmişten topladığı tecrübelerle, bundan sonra olumsuz yönde gerçekleşecek gelişmeleri engelleyebilmek adına, bir bakıma devrim gerçekleştirmiş ve akıl olgusunu ön plana çıkarmıştır. İnsanlığın karşısında bundan böyle Kant’ın “Sapere aude!” vurgusu vardır. “Bilen, düşünebilen insan” geçmişinden daha farklı düşünmelidir. Bu yeni düşünce şekli elbette sadece felsefe disipliniyle sınırlı kalmamıştır. Edebiyat, resim, müzik, heykelcilik gibi disiplinlerde de yansımasını bulabileceğimiz bu yeni düşünce şekli temel olarak saygı, tolerans, empati gibi değerleri esas almaktadır. Alman edebiyatının o dönem ortaya konulmuş eserlerinde onur, erdem ve hoşgörüye dair izleklere rastlamak mümkündür. 18. yüzyıl Alman edebiyatı, Aydınlanma felsefesinden belirli açılardan beslenmiştir. Özellikle de Avrupa aydınlanmasının öncülerinden Immanuel Kant’ın akıl (Vernunft) ve zihin (Verstand) gibi vurgularının Alman Aydınlanma edebiyatına yansımalarını bulmak mümkündür. Bu çalışma, aydınlanma felsefesinin yanı sıra, Lessing’in Bilge Nathan eseri üzerinden belirli örnekler sunarak Alman Aydınlanma edebiyatını genel bir çerçevede özetlemektedir.

Sleep and stress management in Enlightenment literature and poetry.

'Sleep and stress management in Enlightenment literature and poetry' argues that the relationship between sleep and stress, as we now call it, was well known in long eighteenth-century Britain. This period was one of changing theories about the nature of the body and mind due to the shift from received wisdom and religious dogma to modern experimental science, although there were some continuities with older ideas about regimen from classical medicine. The stresses known to disrupt sleep were often associated with unhealthy lifestyles and pressures of fashionable people of the upper classes, with the lower orders thought to be less susceptible to broken sleep because of their healthier modes of living (less sedentary, less corrupted by rich food and drink, earlier sleeping times more connected with natural rhythms). This article also argues that information about managing stress and sleep was delivered to a wide public audience, not only in prose self-help manuals, but also in 'regimen' poetry written by doctors. Highly popular poems such as Dr Edward Baynard's comical Health, A Poem (1719), and Dr John Armstrong's The Art of Preserving Health: A Poem (1744) gave medical lifestyle advice in an entertaining literary form that sugared the pill of dull lifestyle recommendations and treatments.