Enlightenment Activities Research Articles

Milaja Yoo Won Pyo's Enlightenment Activities and Perception of the Outside World

Milaja Yoo Won Pyo's Enlightenment Activities and Perception of the Outside World

市川新松と市川鉱物研究室

Mr. Shinmatsu Ichikawa was a prominent mineralogist, although he was an ordinary citizen and not in government service. He lived from the late Meiji Period to the early Showa Period. He taught in elementary school and teacher training school despite not having a regular university education. He was self-taught in mineralogy and foreign language, and became a pioneer in the field of crystal morphology. His contributions include observations of the etched surfaces of natural minerals and of artificial etched quartz crystals and quartz spheres. He observed the etch pits, etch hillocks, growth hillocks and striations on the surfaces of several minerals found in Japan, engraved their positions, shapes and distributions on metal plates, and discussed his observations. He built the Ichikawa Mineral Laboratory in his house in 1918 to store his collection of minerals, rocks and fossils (more than 7000 specimens in all). His collection includes big quartz crystals twinned after Japan law from the Otome mine, twisted quartz from the Naegi region, amethyst crystals from Mt. Ametsuka and the Yusenji mine, natural etched minerals from various parts of Japan, and many minerals from the North America. The Laboratory is a historic cultural site in his hometown. Its preservation and enlightenment activities are cooperatively carried out by the local government and a neighborhood self-governing body.

生命保険文化センターにおける消費者啓発・学校教育活動の取り組み

生命保険文化センターにおける消費者啓発・学校教育活動の取り組み

ピンクリボン運動を始めとする全国乳がん啓発活動実態調査

ピンクリボン運動を始めとする全国乳がん啓発活動実態調査

Attitudes and Behaviour of Nigerian University Students towards Voluntary HIV Counselling and Testing

Despite increased campaign for voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for HIV/AIDS in Nigeria only a negligible number of young people participates in this activity. This study investigates the factors affecting the attitudes and behaviour of students at the University of Ibadan, which is a microcosm of other universities in the country, as a way of understanding the context in which apathy towards VCT occurs. The Health Belief Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action enable the study to highlight the variables that interact to influence students’ behaviour towards VCT. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and in-depth interviews (IDIs). The survey involved 400 respondents selected through a multi-stage sampling technique, while 12 IDIs were conducted among undergraduate and postgraduate students identified as relatively knowledgeable about issues related to VCT – mainly as peer educators. The findings show that although 95.3% of the students were aware of VCT, only 15% of them had undertaken voluntary HIV testing. The specific results indicate that there is a wide gap between intention and action related to VCT. Of the 57.5% respondents who had discussed VCT and intended to participate in it, only 27.3% actually underwent VCT. A combination of overconfidence in not being HIV positive, fear of testing positive to the virus, the perceived non-confidentiality of test results and stigma and discrimination strongly discourage students from partaking in VCT. The study clearly indicates the need to bridge the gap between knowledge and behaviour through vigorous sensitization and enlightenment activities.

混獲回避技術の漁業現場への普及

混獲回避技術の漁業現場への普及

Jun Lee's Political and Enlightenment activities and National Movement at the end of the Great Han Empire

Jun Lee's Political and Enlightenment activities and National Movement at the end of the Great Han Empire

里山保全活動の実態とその住民評価に関する研究―群馬県及び栃木県の里山保全団体４事例を対象として―

The paper intends to clarify the possibility of neighborhood inhabitants' support and those facilitating factors for maintaining Satoyama in local cities and agricultural areas through investigations of the actual conditions of maintaining activities and inhabitants' evaluation. Four study areas in Gunma Prefecture and Tochigi Prefecture were chosen for investigation, and the research method carried out questionnaires to the neighborhood inhabitants and junior high school students in order to clarify facilitating factors as well as discouraging factors in each study area's circumstances. The result is summarized as follows. Enlightening activities for the neighborhood inhabitants, cooperative activities with the educational institutions and local authorities are both effective for maintaining Satoyama in local cities and agricultural areas.

サンゴを対象とした自然再生事業における普及啓発活動とその効果

The total design of the nature restoration in Takegashima underwater park was planned out on the basis of investigation for about 3 years. The summary of this design and main enlightenment activities of 3 years from 2003 to 2005 were described. The effectiveness of enlightenment activities was examined by using the questionnaire surveys that had executed in 2003 and 2005. It has been understood that our enlightenment activities is not enough for improving an environmental consideration in the community.

健康科学としての歯科補綴学への期待

Prosthodontics is a practical science based on life sciences and health sciences, and takes a role to contribute to improvement of health/welfare of peoples. By prosthodontic researches including life sciences and health science, it will be proved that the practice of prosthetic dental treatments is important to health/welfare. In addition, our research activities are expected because of the demographic change caused by the increase of aging population. The scientific research activity of our society is one of the activities for main medical/dental care demanded definitely in the 21st century. Especially, promotion of brain research is just going to be expected. From a prosthodontic treatment point of view, the improvement of diagnostic study focusing on the examining method and the inspecting method is desired. It is included in a diagnosis to predict a degree of functional recovery after prosthodontic treatments. For the evaluation of masticatory function, the evaluating method for the organ and tissue constituting stomatognathic system is necessary as well as the evaluating method for masticatory function. It is hoped that efforts will be made to establish evaluating methods for each organ and tissue in stomatognathic system will be made. As a corporate judicial person, we must build up public-interest activities. It is necessary to provide sufficient information to all dentists in order to offer a quality prosthodontic care by improvement of diagnostic and treatment abilities. Moreover, it is necessary to practice active enlightenment activity about clinical significance of prosthodontic treatment, and to develop strategies to make peoples recognize "prosthodontics as a health science" widely.

Enlightenment Activities and Infrastructure Improvement of ICT for the Broadband Service Unavailable Area

Enlightenment Activities and Infrastructure Improvement of ICT for the Broadband Service Unavailable Area

『日本工人倶楽部』にみる技術者の社会連携と継続教育

“Nihon Koujin Club” and its activities are reviewed with reference to social cooperation and continuing development of engineers. Nihon Koujin Club was the first Japanese association of working-engineers (“koujin” in Japanese) established in 1920. At one time, more than 5000 engineers from various fields of engineering registered as the member of the club. Nihon-Koujin Club carried out various activities such as examinations to qualify professional engineers, enlightening activities for engineers' ethics and improvement of working conditions and so on. Proposals to governments were sometimes made one of which was that on engineering education. When it started, Nihon Koujin Club had an ambition to exchange information together with international counterparts such as The British Association of Scientific Worker. Unfortunately the direction of the club has deviated from its original purpose due to historical circumstances of nationalism of those days. Nevertheless its activities could be appreciated as an early stage of movement of engineers in Japan. The modern activities related to social cooperation or continuing development of engineers can be traced back to the activities of Nihon Koujin Club.

Status of Bone Allografting in Japan - Nation-Wide Survey of Bone Grafting Performed from 1995 through 1999.

We report the status of bone allografting in Japan on the basis of the information obtained through questionnaires performed by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA). JOA performed a nation-wide survey in 2000, in order to clarify the current status of musculoskeletal tissue grafting in the orthopaedic practices in Japan. Conducted period was for 5 years from 1995 to 1999. As the results of this survey, it had been clarified that 92,984 bone graftings, which included autografts, allografts and synthetic bone substitutes, were performed during conducted 5 years. While the allografts were used only in 3,212 cases (3%), autograftings were performed in 64,193 cases (69%), synthetic bone substitutes were used in 25,576 cases (28%) in this series. The proportion of the number of operations for use bone substitutes increased every year, whereas that autografting decreased. The proportion of the number of allografting remained almost unaltered. Of the 706 institutions which answered to have experiences of tissue grafting, only 193 (27%) performed allograft.Since Kitasato University Hospital Bone Bank was developed in 1971, we have applied to clinical while doing basic research for preserved bone allograft. When extensive bone graft is required, allograft is very useful. In Japan, however, allograft is not performed widely. The foundation of regional bone banks is expected to resolve this problem. Since excision of bone preparations from cadaver donors is not common, bone allografts are not supplied sufficiently at present. It is needed to develop a network connecting bone banks in Japan. The enlightenment activities to the ordinary people and medical institutions will also be required.

紙パ特許委員会の特許情報サービス活動について 特許電子図書館（ＩＰＤＬ）の活用

JAPAN TAPPI Patent Committee has put in operation the service activities of the patent information about Pulp & Paper technology since a long time ago. The active contents are the establishment of original patent classification, the classification of the abstracts of the patent gazette, the offer of classified abstracts of the patent gazette, planning and holding the patent seminar, and other enlightenment activities and so on. These aim of activities are the offer of useful technology information for engineers of Pulp & Paper industry. In annual conference in this time, JAPAN TAPPI Patent Committee sets up a booth in the exhibition hall, and introduce an easy searching method for patent information to make use of the Industrial Property Digital Library of Japanese Patent Office's homepage.

当教室で経験した強酸による化学熱傷：産業医学的側面よりの検討

We report two patients who suffered from acid burns while working in chemical factories. Case 1: a 44-year-old man who received burn induced by nitric acid on the face and extremities. Despite his protecting facial mask, he was exposed to nitric acid on his face through a gap between the mask and skin surface. Nitric acid was also sprinkled on his scalp which was not covered by a helmet or a protecting device. In addition, he suffered from acid burn on the right scapular region, the right upper arm, and the lower extremities through the work clothes. Case 2: a 26-year-old man who suffered from sulfuric acid burn on the forearms. Both patients were accidentally exposed to acids while they filled tanks with the acids through a hose. Following the manual of the factories, they washed the exposed skin with water for more than 15 minutes after the exposure. Although they recovered without any serious sequel, there remained partial deep tissue destruction of the skin. We reviewed these two cases from the aspect of industrial medicine, and proposed the following three points for improvement in the workplace to prevent accidental acid burns. 1) re-education or enlightenment activities for the well-experienced workers to avoid negligence to the danger of strong acid. 2) recommendation to take a complete shower to avoid overlooking of unaware acid injury. 3) improvement in the protecting facial mask. In addition, clinicians who examine acid-burn patients should not pass over the presence of deep ulcers lying behind the thick crust on the injured area.

Groping after the enlightenment activities to encourage the Buddhist faith of followers of Buddhist temple

Groping after the enlightenment activities to encourage the Buddhist faith of followers of Buddhist temple

新ＧＣＰ実施をめぐる諸問題 ８． 被験者のメリットと市民への啓発活動の必要性

新ＧＣＰ実施をめぐる諸問題 ８． 被験者のメリットと市民への啓発活動の必要性

The Young "Tatar" movement in the Crimea, 1905-1909

Hakan Kirimli, The "Young Tatar" movement in the Crimea, 1905-1909. During the 1905 revolution, a nationalist-revolutionary movement emerged among the Crimean Tatar intelligentsia, whose members were called the "Young Tatars." Strongly influenced by the Russian revolutionaries, the Young Tatars engaged in a political and social struggle involving a network of underground cells, as well as legal publications and enlightenment activities. They introduced the political concept of "fatherland," defined by the Crimea, thereby providing a territorial basis for national identity. While endorsing broader Turkic and Islamic allegiances, they concentrated primarily on the Crimean Tatar people as the starting point of their national identity.

A CASE OF MALE BREAST CANCER

Male breast cancer is a reratively rare disease but in recent years the number of reported cases continues to increase. In this paper we report on a case of male breast cancer as well as some discussion of the disease. The patient was 67 years old and at about one year after onset he came to our hospital with the chief complaints of right subareolar tumor and right axillary lymph node swelling. After examination, he was diagnosed as having a right breast cancer T2aN1bM0, stage II and standard radical mastectomy was performed. In preoperative hormone assay no abnormal levels obseved either in the blood or urine. In hormone reseptor assay of the tumor, estrogen reseptors (ER) were positive and along with postoperative radiation 50 G ray, chemotheraphy and endocrinotheraphy were conducted. A present three years later he is still healthy. A search of the literature has indicated that male breast cancer is most often observed in elderly patients and the disease period is protracted with good coincidence with this case. Moreover, since male breast cancer is said to be more commonly found in advanced stages and have poorer prognosis in comparison to female breast cancer, further enlightenment activities targeted for males are important.

From the history of Lithuanian pedagogy (K. Nezabitauskas’ primer “The New Reading…”)

At the beginning of 19th century, in the age of the collapse of feudalism and formation of capitalist relations, enlightenment activity in Lithuania became more intense. The important role in this area was played by Vilnius University: the professors of this university studied the history of Lithuania, collected records, Lithuanian students paid much attention to language matters, literary studies and enlightenment of the Lithuanian nation. One of the most prominent activists of Lithuanian publishing was K. Nezabitauskas (1800 – 1876). In 1824 his primer “The New Reading for Small Children” was published. Following the new basics of pedagogy, the primer contained readings with text illustrations which were a novelty, and Lithuanian proverbs and bibliography list of Lithuanian publications. K. Nezabitauskas sought to attract children’s attention and make learning an easy and vivid occupation. In the introduction to the primer, he spoke against scholastic learning. In his primer K. Nezabitauskas provided practical guidance and popular scientific information. The short articles included in the primer can be considered the first manifestations of the Lithuanian secular literature for children. Proverbs and, especially the bibliography list, witness that the primer was also intended to further education of the readers, mostly the youth. This primer was appraised by its contemporary Lithuanian writer D. Poška, Russian scientist P. Kepen, active culture character L. Rogalskis, Polish newspaper “Kurjer Litewski“, etc. In the second half of 19th century, M. Akelaitis intended to republish it; he was planning to skip the religious part and include folklore songs (the handwriting of this work has preserved).
 Though this primer by K. Nezabitauskas had certain ideological setbacks, its historical value is still very significant. K. Nezabitauskas was the first who started writing secular reading texts to Lithuanian children, who directed children’s education in a practical direction and utilized new principles of book compilation.