Enjoyment Of Narratives Research Articles

조선 후기 훼절소설 속 ‘복수의 남성성들’과 남성 젠더 실천의 다층성

In the late Joseon Dynasty, a group of novels called ‘Hwejeol Fiction(Stories about Men Breaking His Faith)’ appeared. They shared the narrative that the heterosexual sexuality of the male character is confirmed through tests. This narrative means the process of confirming the heterosexual sexuality of individual men and granting them membership in the homosocial communities. This work was examined the homosocial between mens through three works of Hwejeol Fiction: ‘Jibong-jeon’, ‘Oyuran-jeon’, and ‘Samseon-gi’.
 First, in ‘Jibong-jeon’, a dominant man who rejects heterosexual sexuality and has the potential to discord with homosocial standards appears as the main character. In this text, as the relationship between the dominant men is focused, the virtue of the public relationship between them is particularly emphasized to sustain the male bond. The dominant male protagonist never becomes profanity in the process, and is embraced into the community after the interruption.
 Next, in ‘Oyuran-jeon’, an immature man who pursues hegemonic masculinity appears. The narrative deals with the process of growing these immature men into true dominant men. He grows up with the help of men in private relationships such as family and friends, and in the process, a humorous episode in which they are shown there naked bodies. At the end of the narrative, they transforms into a being who embodies full hegemonic masculinity and lives happily as a member of the homosocial community.
 Lastly, ‘Samseon-gi’ is distinguished from the previous two types in that it shows the practice of a newly adjusted ‘alternative masculinity’ rather than actively incorporating into the homosociality by breaking personal beliefs. Here, women have much more active voices and self-awareness than in the previous two types. Since the gender practice of the male protagonist poses the greatest threat to the maintenance of male same-sex society, unlike other narratives, hostile forces that block him appear, showing explicit hostility toward the protagonist. In the end, the protagonist is not fully incorporated into the existing homosocial society but is incorporated into a different world.
 The fact that most of these narratives written in Chinese characters, have been mainly enjoyed between male readers. It suggests that the enjoyment of narratives itself can be an practice for male readers’ homosocial solidarity. The existence of a long-running these narratives clearly reveals that the concept of masculinity, which on the other hand seems to be a firm power, is only a fragile component that is constantly challenged, but it also has great implications today in that it also tells us how difficult and can have a great influence on the existing male model holding hegemony.

Stories about “Us” and “Them”: An Experimental Inquiry into the Relative Appeal of Populist Narratives

AbstractDue to continued mediatization of politics, storytelling plays an increasingly important role in political communication. Against this background, it is often argued that populist narratives are essentially more appealing than non-populist political narratives, yet empirical evidence to support this assumption was missing. A multi-message experiment was conducted among U.S. citizens (N = 206) to compare how populist and non-populist political stories affect narrative transportation—a psychological state strongly associated with narrative enjoyment. The results show that populist framing significantly increases the ability of political narratives to cause transportation, controlling for the political partisanship and populist predispositions of the participants. This effect is mediated by the identification with story characters and feelings of anger and anxiety. The positive impact of populist framing extends to the story-consistent attitudes of the participants, suggesting a parallel–serial mediation model. The study enhances our understanding of psychological responses to populist storytelling.

Character Gender and Disposition Formation in Narratives: The Role of Competing Schema

ABSTRACT How viewers form dispositions toward narrative characters is a central question of affective disposition theory. Two routes are explained by current models: Schema activation, whereby viewers’ dispositions are based on perceived narrative role, and behavioral approbation, whereby viewers’ dispositions are based on moral approval/disapproval of behavior. What remains unclear is how competing character schemas function: Do they exert their influence in the same location of the serial process? Or, does the impact of schemas on disposition formation depend on the schema? The current paper builds on past work that experimentally manipulated schema activation and behavioral approbation with experimental inductions. We extend that past work by crossing its hero/villain-schema induction with another: character gender. After validating stimuli in a pilot study, our main experiment demonstrated that gender did not moderate hero/villain-schema activation; behavioral approbation, however, was more extreme for female characters. Theoretical implications suggest that various character schemas may have distinct roles to play in disposition formation, with these distinctions being unaccounted for by current theory. Practical implications suggest that female characters may elicit stronger positive/negative dispositions and, through outcome evaluation processes, narrative enjoyment. Thus, Hollywood’s current lack of female character representation is likely hurting their bottom line.

How European adolescents get engaged with films?: Psychometric properties of the narrative engagement scale

Narrative engagement is a fundamental factor in understanding the enjoyment of narratives and their effects. This study seeks to develop a measure of engagement for youngsters and to gather evidence of validity and reliability for a sample of European adolescents. After watching a dramatic film, 310 European high school students (68.71% Italian, 17.74% Spanish and 13.55% German) responded to the proposed narrative engagement scale. The results confirmed the existence of a common factorial model of four factors for Germans and Italians and invariance measurement between samples. The mean score comparison shows that German adolescents have a greater understanding of the narrative than Italians. Also, Germans demonstrated greater emotional understanding than Spaniards. These results contribute to the comprehension of the narrative engagement and illuminate the conceptualization of the psychological phenomena related to the reception of dramatic narratives by youngsters of different cultures across Europe.

In the uncanny valley, transportation predicts narrative enjoyment more than empathy, but only for the tragic hero

The uncanny valley is a term used to describe the phenomenon that human simulations that are nearly but not quite realistic often give viewers an uneasy, eerie feeling. Given the prevalence of computer-animated human characters and a narrative framework in videogames, serious games, and health-related scenarios, it is important to examine how the uncanny valley influences narrative empathy and enjoyment. In a 2 × 2 × 2 between-groups posttest-only experiment, 738 participants took the role of a patient in a virtual consultation with a doctor; the consultation varied in the doctor's character (hero or villain), its subplot ending (happy or tragic), and its depiction (computer animated or real). The participants' posttest results showed greater emotional empathy and enjoyment in the hero condition and no significant difference in emotional empathy for the computer animation but greater narrative enjoyment and persuasion. Just endings (hero rewarded, villain punished) elicited much greater pleasure than unjust endings. In comparing computer animation with recorded video, emotional empathy was a significantly stronger predictor of narrative enjoyment than transportation only for the real hero with a tragic ending. The enjoyment and persuasiveness of the computer-animated doctor–patient consultation bodes well for the use of animation in interactive visual narratives.

Modeling the antihero narrative enjoyment process.

Modeling the antihero narrative enjoyment process.

Student Engagement and Enjoyment of Narratives: An Empirical Study of an Authentic Music Video and a Short Teaching Case

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the process of student engagement into two narrative-based pedagogical tools (a music video and a short teaching case) often used in university classes to illustrate international and cross-cultural issues, and the effects student engagement has on both enjoyment and the student's ability to identify critical themes. The research provides evidence that the degree of a student's narrative engagement impacts both thematic comprehension and enjoyment, two important objectives of using narrative-based pedagogical tools in the classroom. The study findings inform the choice of teaching methods for instructors in charge of courses containing international and global topics.

Fitting product placements: Affective fit and cognitive fit as determinants of consumer evaluations of placed brands

Due to increased clutter and consumers' active avoidance of traditional media, marketers have sought alternative means to effectively reach their audiences. One such technique is the use of media-based product placements in narrative. This strategy is often problematic, however, as extant research demonstrates that when consumers are aware of blatant placements, their attitudes toward the placed product may become less, rather than more, favorable. In a series of studies, we develop and test a theoretically-based Product Placement Fit model that recognizes the importance of congruency between consumers' narrative consumption goals and the manner in which products are placed. Results indicate that when product placements are congruent with both the narrative's story structure (cognitive fit) and the affective tones elicited by the narrative (affective fit), more favorable brand attitudes are produced. Further, narrative enjoyment resulting from a product placement mediates the impact of product placement fit on consumers' brand evaluations.

Explaining the role of character development in the evaluation of morally ambiguous characters in entertainment media

The current project aims at better understanding how narrative characteristics in stories function in the liking, moral evaluation, and enjoyment of narratives featuring morally ambiguous characters (MACs). Shafer and Raney (2012) found that viewers differently enjoyed a heroic versus MAC-centered narrative. Building on this approach, a mixed-method design was used to investigate character development in two morally ambiguous narratives. Results of both a qualitative content analysis and an experiment provide support for the claim that character development is a central mechanism to explain viewer responses to MACs in narrative content. Thus, this study provides new directions for understanding characters in media research.

The Role of Consumer Narrative Enjoyment and Persuasion Awareness in Product Placement Advertising

Researchers have repeatedly demonstrated that consumers respond to commercial messages based on the advertising techniques through which they are delivered. One growing technique is product placement advertising, generally defined as the inclusion of products and brands in media designed with a similar form and appearance to nonadvertising content. Importantly, consumer opinions of product placement as an advertising technique have gone relatively unexamined. A model is therefore proposed to outline factors that influence consumers’ attitudes toward product placement advertising. Results across two studies indicate (a) product placements play a role in consumers’ narrative enjoyment, which positively influences attitudes toward product placement advertising, (b) consumers’ awareness of the persuasive intent of product placement negatively influences attitudes toward product placements, and (c) perceptions of product placements along these narrative enjoyment and persuasion awareness dimensions affect brand evaluations of placed products. Managerial implications, theoretical contributions, and directions for future research are discussed.

Transportation, need for cognition, and affective disposition as factors in enjoyment of film narratives

This article proposes and empirically tests a theoretical model in which need for cognition and affective disposition influence viewers’ transportation (absorption in a narrative) which in turn influences enjoyment of the narrative. Using two re-edited versions of the feature film Memento (Nolan, 2000) and the original film as treatments intended to produce varying levels of cognitive challenge, the researchers conducted an experiment with 91 participants. Structural equation modeling analysis results strongly support the model overall; strongly support need for cognition and affective disposition as significant influences on transportation; and strongly support for transportation influencing enjoyment. No significant support was found for the proposed moderating influence of cognitive challenge presented by the narrative on need for cognition or for cognitive challenge as a main influence on transportation.

Predicting popularity of mass-market films using the tenets of disposition theory

Disposition theory (DT) has been a prevalent and useful theory for examining narrative enjoyment. This study uses logic from DT to predict film popularity indicated by box office gross. A content analysis was conducted on the plot summaries of popular films to determine the extent to which dispositional considerations were upheld. Results indicate that adherence to dispositional considerations is prevalent, but not a significant predictor of film popularity when controlling for other important variables such as budget. Results indicate a need for scholars to incorporate greater understanding of the predictive power of theoretical models in real-world applications.