Enhance Wound Healing Research Articles

Efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water vs. common topical antiseptics in the healing of full‑thickness burn: Preclinical trial in a mouse model.

Burn injuries impose challenges such as infection risk, pain management, fluid loss, electrolyte imbalance and psychological and emotional impact, on healthcare professionals, requiring effective treatments to enhance wound healing. The present study evaluated the efficacy superoxidized electrolyzed solution (SES), with low (SES-low) or high (SES-high) concentrations of active species, alone or in combination with a formulation in gel (G), in comparison with commonly prescribed treatments for burn injury, including nitrofurazone (NF) and silver sulfadiazine (S); normal saline was used as placebo (PI). A scald burn model was established in BALB/c mice. Measurements of the burned area and histological parameters such as inflammatory infiltration state, epithelial regeneration and collagen fibers were evaluated on days 3, 6, 9, 18 and 32 to assess healing score and status. All treatments achieved wound closure at day 32; histopathological parameters indicated that SES-low and SES-low + G performed better than the Pl and S groups (P<0.05). All treatments showed a lower count of inflammatory cells compared with S (P<0.05); for collagen deposition and orientation, SES-low + G showed a more uniform horizontal orientation compared with Pl, SES-high + G, NF and S groups (P<0.05). SES-Low was the most effective substance to induce favorable and organized healing, while S was the worst, inducing disorganized closure of the wound due to a pro-inflammatory effect.

Metal–phenolic nanozyme based microneedle patch with antibacterial and antioxidant for infected wound healing

Chronic bacterial-infected wound healing is becoming increasingly severe, with high rates of mortality and disability, owing to bacterial film, excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory, and traditional therapeutics with poor drug permeability. Herin, a functional Zn-gallic acid nanozyme (Zn-NM) with excellent antibacterial and antioxidant capacity was incorporated with a gelatin-based microneedle patch (Zn-NM@MN) to achieve transdermal and sustained release of the drug at the infected wound site. The Zn-NM displayed the concentration-dependent antibacterial capacity, and 250 μg/mL of Zn-NM simultaneously possessed excellent antibacterial (89.36 ± 0.95 % for Escherichia coli, 92.44 ± 11.03 % for Staphylococcus aureus, and 95.03 ± 1.06 % for Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus), antioxidant properties and negligible cytotoxicity. After that, Zn-NM@MN could transdermal the epidermis or biofilm to sustain the release of Zn-NM for 3 h (release of 80 % drug). Systematic tissue regeneration assessment on rats’ infected full-thickness skin wounds demonstrated an enhanced wound healing rate. Zn-NM@MN could efficiently kill the bacteria (about 85 %), alleviate oxidant stress, reduce bacterial-induced inflammation, and promote vascular regeneration. This synergetic therapy strategy will pave the way for treating complicated infection wounds.

The Negative Pressure Wound Therapy for Flap Salvage

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) effectively manages complex wounds by promoting fluid drainage, stabilizing the wound environment, and reducing bacterial load. It aids in granulation tissue formation and modulation of inflammatory reactions. NPWT is increasingly used in reconstructive surgery, particularly in flap procedures, enhancing wound healing and cosmetic outcomes while reducing flap complications. Despite concerns about flap compromise, clinical trials demonstrate low flap loss rates with NPWT. Strategies like observation windows and implantable Doppler devices help overcome monitoring challenges. However, conclusive evidence regarding NPWT's safety and impact on flap vascularity is limited due to scarce studies. The study involved 40 healthy adult patients, mostly male, with soft tissue defects primarily caused by road traffic accidents. They were split into two groups: NPWT (25 patients) and conventional dressing (15 patients). The NPWT group was further categorized into high pressure (8 patients) and low pressure (17 patients) subgroups. Results showed lower flap edema in NPWT groups compared to controls, but high pressure NPWT led to higher flap ischemia and infection rates. Overall, low pressure NPWT yielded the best clinical and aesthetic outcomes with fewer complications. The study suggests a delayed NPWT approach and low-pressure settings for optimal vascular perfusion in Fasciocutaneous flaps, emphasizing the need for further trials to establish its efficacy and determine ideal pressure settings for different flap types.

The Effects of Marine Fungal Asterripeptides A-C on In Vitro and In Vivo Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infection.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial and cytoprotective activities of marine fungal tripeptide derivatives with cinnamic acid moiety asterripeptides A-C (1-3). Methods: The antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities of asterripeptides A-C were tested using the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 21027 strain. Human HaCaT keratinocytes infected with S. aureus were used for the in vitro investigation of the various aspects of the influence of asterripeptides A-C by lumino- and fluorospectrometry, ELISA, flow cytometry, Western blotting, and microscopy techniques. In the in vivo experiments, mice with burns and scalped S. aureus-infected wounds were used according to ethical committee resolution. Results: Asterripeptides A-C (10 µM) inhibited S. aureus growth and biofilm formation. Asterripeptides A-C increased the viability, proliferation, and migration of S. aureus-infected HaCaT cells and reduced the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), NO, TNF-α, and IL-18. Asterripeptides A-C protected HaCaT cells against TNF-α-induced inflammation, decreased the transcriptional level of NF-κB in JB6 Cl41 cells, and increased the protein levels of Nrf2 and glutathione synthetase in HaCaT cells. More active asterripeptide C was tested in in vivo burn wounds and S. aureus-infected incised wounds. Asterripeptide C significantly enhanced wound healing, normalized cytokine levels and profiles of peripheral blood samples, and decreased S. aureus contamination of wounds and blood in mice with infected incised wounds. Conclusions: Taken together, these results confirm the dual antibacterial and Nrf2-dependent anti-inflammatory activities of asterripeptides A-C in in vitro and in vivo assays.

Tailoring surgical sutures with chitosan and non-thermal atmospheric plasma: biofunctionalization for antimicrobial efficacy and enhanced wound healing

Surgical sutures serve as medical devices designed to facilitate the closure of wounds by securing opposing tissues. While sutures are an integral part of the surgical healing process, also present favorable surfaces for microbial attachment, increasing surgical site infections (SSIs). In this study, sutures that have antimicrobial and improved wound healing properties are described as novel approaches for minimizing SSIs. The absorbable multifilament suture, poly (glycolic-co-lactic acid) (PGLA), and non-absorbable multifilament suture (silk) are treated with non-thermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) and subsequently coated with chitosan/chitosan nanoparticles (Ch/ChNp). Suture samples are analyzed in terms of antibacterial properties, in vitro bioactivity, wound healing efficiency, mechanical strength, chemical characterization, and surface morphologies. Bacterial adherence of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on both sutures is inhibited effectively due to the surface modification after plasma treatment. The NTAP treatment results in reduced wound healing for silk sutures without a selective effect on PGLA sutures. However, subsequent coating with Ch/ChNp significantly enhances wound healing for both sutures. Although the maximum tensile strength decreases after NTAP treatment, improves following the Ch/ChNp coating. Our findings indicate that the developed sutures demonstrate notable antimicrobial properties, enhance wound healing, and hold promise as a potential material for suturing applications.

Bacterial cellulose nanofiber reinforced self-healing hydrogel to construct a theranostic platform of antibacterial and enhanced wound healing

In order to promote wound healing, self-healing hydrogels with moisturizing property are employed as wound dressing. In this study, bacterial cellulose nanofibers (BCN) with high mechanical strength are used as reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties of self-healing hydrogels. A multifunctional self-healing hydrogel has been constructed by incorporating natural biomass, including Ag hybrid bacterial cellulose nanofiber (Ag-BCN), resveratrol (Res), and carbon nanodots (CNDs). The results of in vitro experiments demonstrate that the mechanical strength of the hybrid hydrogel was increased by 6 times with the addition of Ag-BCN, which also offers excellent antibacterial efficiency (S. aureus 99.99 % and E. coli 99.68 %). The hydrogel with CNDs can observe the healing process of the crack in real time and realize the controlled release of Res through photothermal effect. Moreover, the results of animal model experiments indicate that the prepared hydrogel could reduce the infection of the wound, effectively shorten the progress of wound healing (from 21d to 14 d). All the results imply that the prepared hydrogel has great promise in the application of skin wound healing.

Global Trends and Scientific Impact of Topical Probiotics in Dermatological Treatment and Skincare.

The skin plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting against external aggressors. Recent research has highlighted the potential of probiotics and postbiotics in dermatological treatments and skincare. These beneficial microorganisms interact with the skin microbiota, modulate the immune response, and enhance the skin barrier, offering a promising therapeutic avenue for various skin conditions, such as acne, dermatitis, eczema, and psoriasis. This bibliometric study aims to analyze the global trends and scientific impact of topical probiotics in dermatology. By reviewing 106 articles published between 2013 and 2023, the study categorizes the applications of probiotics in wound healing, inflammatory skin diseases, and general skincare. The findings indicate a significant increase in publications from 2021 onwards, attributed to the heightened focus on medical research during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also identifies the most productive countries, institutions, and authors in this field, highlighting the importance of international collaborations. The results underscore the efficacy of probiotic-based topical formulations in improving skin health, reducing inflammation, and enhancing wound healing. This comprehensive analysis supports the development of new therapeutic strategies based on topical probiotics and encourages high-quality research in this promising area.

Antibacterial gelatin/tragacanth gum films containing galbanum essential oil for in vitro scratch-healing

Natural substances and bioactive agents possess great potential in wound care based on their ability to promote healing and prevent infection. This study focused on the fabrication of antibacterial wound dressings by combining gelatin (G), tragacanth gum (TG), and galbanum essential oil (GEO) as a loaded drug. TG addition resulted in more elastic and flexible films besides enabling encapsulation of the hydrophobic GEO into the biopolymeric matrix. GEO was utilized as an antibacterial and a wound-healing enhancer for open wounds such as incisions. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) analysis revealed a porous film structure after GEO incorporation. Higher GEO concentration caused reduced swelling and slower degradation. Water vapor transfer rate varied from 596 to 894 g/m2.day, making the films suitable for wound dressings. GEO release exhibited a two-phase profile with prolonged diffusion-controlled release for a higher content of GEO. The films demonstrated dose-dependent antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli strains. Effectiveness and noteworthy application of this research were approved by scratch assay on human dermal fibroblast cells, and films with 3 % GEO showed 79.42 % wound closure, which is significantly higher than the control sample (55.15 %), indicating promoted cell migration and promising wound healing properties.

Melatonin's Impact on Wound Healing.

Melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine) is an indoleamine compound that plays a critical role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. While melatonin is primarily synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan in the pineal gland of the brain, it can also be produced locally in various tissues, such as the skin and intestines. Melatonin's effects in target tissues can be mediated through receptor-dependent mechanisms. Additionally, melatonin exerts various actions via receptor-independent pathways. In biological systems, melatonin and its endogenous metabolites often produce similar effects. While injuries are common in daily life, promoting optimal wound healing is essential for patient well-being and healthcare outcomes. Beyond regulating circadian rhythms as a neuroendocrine hormone, melatonin may enhance wound healing through (1) potent antioxidant properties, (2) anti-inflammatory actions, (3) infection control, (4) regulation of vascular reactivity and angiogenesis, (5) analgesic (pain-relieving) effects, and (6) anti-pruritic (anti-itch) effects. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific studies that demonstrate melatonin's potential roles in supporting effective wound healing.

Hypoxic culture enhances the antimicrobial activity of amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells, thereby reducing bacterial load and promoting wound healing in diabetic mice

BackgroundConditioned medium from amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) enhances wound healing, a process that is further improved under hypoxic culture conditions. Diabetic foot ulcers are difficult to treat and are frequently complicated by a high rate of bacterial infections, mainly Staphylococcus aureus, which can lead to limb amputation and death. Here, we topically applied conditioned medium from AMSCs cultured under hypoxic conditions to S. aureus-infected wounds in diabetic mice to investigate its effect on bacterial counts and wound healing. MethodsWe prepared conditioned medium by culturing AMSCs under 21% or 1% O2 and investigated its effects on S. aureus. We infected skin wounds of diabetic mice with S. aureus and treated these with hydrogels containing the conditioned medium to examine its effect on bacterial inhibition and wound healing. ResultsConditioned medium from AMSCs cultured under 1% O2 contained higher levels of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37. It significantly inhibited S. aureus growth in vitro, reduced bacterial counts in infected wounds, and facilitated wound closure in diabetic mice. ConclusionsHydrogels containing conditioned medium from hypoxically cultured AMSCs inhibited the growth of S. aureus and promoted wound healing in a mouse model of diabetic wounds.

Biomimetic poly(thioctic acid)-based bioadhesive hydrogels for wet adhesion, expeditious hemostasis and enhanced wound healing

The bioadhesive hydrogels have been viewed as promising substitutes for surgical sutures in wound closure. However, current bioadhesives face challenges such as weak wet adhesion and hemostatic performance, which hinder their wider clinical application. In this study, a novel poly(thioctic acid)Li+/caffeic acid-grafted sericin (CAS) (PTALi-CAS) supramolecular hydrogel was prepared using facile one-pot method. Among the PTALi-CAS hydrogels with varying CAS content, the PTALi-7%CAS hydrogels exhibited the highest adhesion strength (32.02 ± 2.28 kPa) and could adhere on surfaces of various organs in moist environments. It is noteworthy that the microstructure of the PTALi-7%CAS hydrogels after stretching closely resemble those of mussel byssal adhesion proteins. Additionally, the PTALi-7%CAS hydrogels exhibited rapid hemostatic properties in rat hemorrhage models and significantly accelerated the wound healing in rat skin incision experiments. Therefore, this study proposes a promising approach for developing a versatile hydrogel to aid in healing traumatic wounds.

Concentration-Dependent Effects of MXene Nanocomposite-Loaded Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Wound Healing.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have emerged as a promising solution for many biomedical applications. Although not all particles have antimicrobial or regenerative properties, certain NPs show promise in enhancing wound healing by promoting tissue regeneration, reducing inflammation, and preventing infection. Integrating various NPs can further enhance these effects. Herein, the zinc oxide (ZnO)-MXene-Ag nanocomposite was prepared, and the conjugation of its three components was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping analysis. In vitro analysis using the agar well diffusion technique demonstrated that ZnO-MXene-Ag nanocomposite exhibited high antimicrobial efficacy, significantly inhibiting Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Candida albicans, and showing enhanced potency when combined with tetracycline, resulting in a 2.6-fold increase against Staphylococcus and a 2.4-fold increase against Pseudomonas. The efficacy of nanocomposite-loaded carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gel on wound healing was investigated using varying concentrations (0, 1, 5, and 10mg/mL). Wound healing was monitored over 21 days, with results indicating that wounds treated with 1mg/mL ZnO-MXene-Ag gel exhibited superior healing compared to the control group (0mg/mL), with significant improvements noted from Day 3 onward. Conversely, higher concentrations (10mg/mL) resulted in reduced healing efficiency, particularly notable on Day 15. In conclusion, the ZnO-MXene-Ag nanocomposite-loaded CMC gel is a promising agent for enhanced wound healing and antimicrobial applications. These findings highlight the importance of optimizing NP concentration to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing potential cytotoxicity.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 promote infected wound healing via regulation of the wound microenvironment.

Infected wounds can result in complex clinical complications and delayed healing, presenting a significant global public health challenge. This study explored the effects of topical application of two probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12, on the microenvironment of infected wounds and their impact on wound healing. LGG and BB-12 were applied separately and topically on the Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)-infected skin wounds of the rat model on a daily basis. Both probiotics significantly accelerated wound healing, demonstrated by enhanced granulation tissue formation and increased collagen deposition, with BB-12 showing superior efficacy. LGG and BB-12 both effectively inhibited neutrophil infiltration and decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Notably, BB-12 markedly reduced IL-6 levels, while LGG significantly lowered TNF-α, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Additionally, both probiotics promoted macrophage polarization towards the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Microbiota analysis revealed that LGG and BB-12 significantly decreased the abundance of pathogenic bacteria (e.g. Staphylococcus and Proteus) and increased the proportion of beneficial bacteria (e.g. Corynebacterium). Particularly, BB-12 was more effective in reducing Staphylococcus abundance, whereas LGG excelled in promoting Corynebacterium growth. These findings suggest the ability of LGG and BB-12 to modulate the wound microenvironment, enhance wound healing and provide valuable insights for the management of infected wounds.

Biocompatible and Safe Decellularized Spinach With Antibacterial and Wound Healing Activity.

Creating acellular vascularized constructs from animal and plant tissue is one of the well-known strategies for scaffold assembly. Decellularization takes an important position among these strategies. The most common method is chemical decellularization. This approach employs high concentrations of detergents, primarily Triton X-100, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and sodium hypochlorite (SH). In this work, novel techniques for decellularizing spinach were developed using detergents frequently utilized in laboratories. Spinach leaves were decellularized using Tween-20, SDS, and SH at low concentrations to generate an acellular plant matrix for tissue engineering. We measured the quantities of DNA and protein, as well as the decellularization using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. The biocompatibility and capacity of the biostructures to stimulate fibroblast wound healing were assessed using MTT and the Scratch assay. The antibacterial activity of the scaffolds was also tested against a gram-positive bacterium, Staphilococcus aureus, which is a common pathogen associated with wound healing. The best shape, evident vascularization, and good biocompatibility were seen in the Tween-20 decellularized samples at 1% concentration at 21°C and 37°C through the enhancement of cell proliferation and wound healing. In terms of antibacterial activity, all scaffold samples had a significant effect on Staphilococcus aureus, where the number of bacterial colonies in all six scaffold groups became zero after 4 h of treatment. The scaffolds also showed a 100% kill rate on Staphilococcus aureus, which could avoid wound infection during the repair process, and that can be suggested as a scaffold for tissue engineering applications and an important constituent for pharmacological activities.

Self-Growing Hydrogel Bioadhesives for Chronic Wound Management.

Hydrogel bioadhesives have emerged as a promising alternative to wound dressings for chronic wound management. However, many existing bioadhesives do not meet the functional requirements for efficient wound management through dynamically mechanical modulation, due to the reduced wound contractibility, frequent wound recurrence, incapability to actively adapt to external microenvironment variation, especially for those gradually-expanded chronic wounds. Here, a self-growing hydrogel bioadhesive (sGHB) patch that exhibits instant adhesion to biological tissues but also a gradual increase in mechanical strength and interfacial adhesive strength within a 120-h application is presented. The gradually increased mechanics of the sGHB patch could effectively mitigate the stress concentration at the wound edge, and also resist the wound expansion at various stages, thus mechanically contracting the chronic wounds in a programmable manner. The self-growing hydrogel patch demonstrated enhanced wound healing efficacy in a mouse diabetic wound model, by regulating the inflammatory response, promoting the faster re-epithelialization and angiogenesis through mechanical modulation. Such kind of self-growing hydrogel bioadhesives have potential clinical utility for a variety of wound management where dynamic mechanical modulation is indispensable.

CAPE derivatives: Multifaceted agents for chronic wound healing.

Chronic wounds significantly impact the patients' quality of life, creating an urgent interdisciplinary clinical challenge. The development of novel agents capable of accelerating the healing process is essential. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has demonstrated positive effects on skin regeneration. However, its susceptibility to degradation limits its pharmaceutical application. Chemical modification of the structure improves the pharmacokinetics of this bioactive phenol. Hence, two novel series of CAPE hybrids were designed, synthesized, and investigated as potential skin regenerative agents. To enhance the stability and therapeutic efficacy, a caffeic acid frame was combined with quinolines or isoquinolines by an ester (1a-f) or an amide linkage (2a-f). The effects on cell viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and HaCaT cells were evaluated at different concentrations; they are not cytotoxic, and some proved to stimulate cell proliferation. The most promising compounds underwent a wound-healing assay in HGFs and HaCaT at the lowest concentrations. Antimicrobial antioxidant properties were also explored. The chemical and thermal stabilities of the best compounds were assessed. In silico predictions were employed to anticipate skin penetration capabilities. Our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) derivatives 1a and 1d as skin regenerative agents, being able to stimulate cell proliferation, control bacterial growth, regulate ROS levels, and being thermally and chemically stable. An interesting structure-activity relationship was discussed to suggest a promising multitargeted approach for enhanced wound healing.

Nrf2 Activation in Keratinocytes: A Central Role in Diabetes-Associated Wound Healing.

Wound healing is a complex biological process crucial for tissue repair, wherein keratinocytes play a pivotal role in initiating, sustaining and completing the cascade. Various local and systemic factors, such as lifestyle, age metabolic disorders and vascular insufficiency, can influence this process, and in the context of diabetic wounds, disrupted biological mechanisms, including inflammation, tissue hypoxia, decrease in collagen production along with increased oxidative stress and keratinocyte dysfunction, contribute to delayed healing. During re-epithelialisation, keratinocytes undergo rapid multiplication and migration, forming a dense hyperproliferative epithelial layer that restores the epidermal barrier. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2), a vital transcription factor, emerges as a central regulator in managing antioxidant proteins and detoxifying enzymes, serving as a guardian against elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels during stress. Nrf2 also orchestrates angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory responses crucial for wound repair. Studies demonstrate that under high-glucose conditions, Nrf2 activation promotes wound healing by enhancing cell proliferation and migration while reducing apoptosis. Nrf2 activators stimulate endogenous antioxidant production, thereby mitigating oxidative stress. Furthermore, Nrf2 upregulation is associated with decreased expression of cytokines such as TNF-α and IL- 6. Recent research underscores the potential of bioactive molecules, including dietary polyphenols, traditional medicinal compounds and pharmacological agents, in activating Nrf2 and preventing diseases such as diabetes due to their robust antioxidative properties. This review aims to investigate the activation of Nrf2 by these bioactive molecules in cultured keratinocytes and animal models, elucidating the key molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in alleviating oxidative stress and facilitating the diabetic wound healing process. Understanding these complex pathways may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies for enhanced wound healing in diabetes-associated complications.

Advancements in seawater immersion wound management: Current treatments and innovations.

With advancements in naval warfare, the number and severity of seawater injuries have skyrocketed, necessitating effective seawater immersion (SWI) wound management. The unique marine pathogens, salinity, low temperature and alkalinity of seawater are the main environmental factors that can influence SWI wound healing. The current treatment strategy for SWI wounds follows a standard protocol based on terrestrial wound conditions, neglecting seawater conditions. The key requirements for ideal SWI treatment include good adhesion to the wound surface to minimize further exposure to seawater, enhanced wound healing properties to minimize wound healing time and antibacterial properties to prevent infections from marine pathogens. Current SWI wound-specific treatments range from elaborate techniques like vacuum-sealed drainage and vacuum-assisted closure for severe blast injuries to simple application of hydrogels or collagen dressings for minor injuries. This review discusses the current status and development of various treatment modalities for SWI wounds. The development of these treatment strategies and an understanding of their mechanisms of action make us better prepared to manage and treat SWI injuries.

Biocompatibility, antimicrobial efficacy, and therapeutic potential of cobalt carbonate nanoparticles in wound healing, sex hormones, and metabolic regulation in diabetic albino mice

Nanotechnology enables the manipulation of materials at the nanoscale, offering innovative solutions in various fields. Nanoparticles, with their small size and unique properties, have significant applications in the biomedical filed. The current study was designed to assess the biological applications of self-synthesized cobalt carbonate (CoCO3) nanoparticles. The crystalline structure and chemical composition of the CoCO3-NPs were confirmed by SEM, XRD, and FTIR techniques. We observed the 16.58 nm size of novelly synthesized CoCO3 NPS. The scanning electron microscope study confirmed a uniform cubic spinel structure. The biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity were checked in an invitro setup. We exposed albino mice to these synthesized NPs to study wound healing and metabolic effects. The results of biocompatibility analysis indicated hemolytic activity in a dose-dependent way, which showed no cytotoxic effect except at a higher concentration. Furthermore, the results showed enhanced wound healing processes in CoCO3-NP-treated albino mice as compared to the control group. CoCO3-NPs have considerable effect on the thyroid hormone and insulin levels in albino mice. The levels of T3, T4, and insulin were increased in a dose-dependent manner. Interactions between CoCO3-NPs and thyroxine and insulin were confirmed through molecular docking. We confirmed the antimicrobial efficiency of the nanoparticles using MIC values and zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus haemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus. Despite their concentration-dependent biocompatibility concerns, the results are promising, as CoCO3-NPs hold potential for use in medical practice, particularly in advanced wound management and microbe inhibition.

Surface modification of surgical suture by chitosan-based biocompatible hybrid coatings: In-vitro anti-corrosion, antibacterial, and in-vivo wound healing studies

This work aims to develop chitosan-based biocompatible hybrid coatings on synthetic surgical sutured by direct current electrophoretic deposition (DC-EPD) method. The chitosan (CS), curcumin (CR), aloe-vera (AV), and 2-aminothiazolidin-4-one-5-ethanoic acid (AT) were used as suspensions of varying combinations and compositions (A–I). Each suspension has a further 05 samples (Aa–Ae–Ia–Ie) at selected DC-EPD set parameters (2–10 V, t; 240 s, D; 1 cm). Potentiodynamic polarization measurements (PDP) were carried out in the ringer solution. Among all samples, Ed (CS, 1.6 g/L; 8 V) and Hb (CS–CR–AT, 1.6 g/Leach; 4 V) have shown greatest corrosion inhibition efficiency (IEPDP: 99 %), least corrosion rates (CR; 0.001 mm/y and 0.017 mm/y, respectively), and least corrosion current density (Icorr.; 0.01 A cm−2). SEM and FTIR further confirmed these two best coatings stable and corrosion resistant before and after performing corrosion test, while the coating thickness by profilometry test was found to be greater (16.28 μm) for Hb. Mechanical stress and strain of bare and coated samples were found to have no significant difference. Antibacterial activity revealed greater resistance of Hb against S. aureus as compared to Ed. In-vivo incision wound model study further revealed better healing and less inflammation with coated sutures with comparatively enhanced wound healing effect of Hb coated suture.