Enhanced Voltage Gain Research Articles

A Novel High-Gain Multi-Stage Switched-Capacitor-Based DC-DC Boost Converter with Closed-Loop Control

In this manuscript, a direct current (DC) boost converter based on a switched-capacitor circuit with closed-loop control, tailored for applications with high-voltage gain, is introduced. The converter utilizes a network with switching capacitors to enhance voltage gain without relying on inductors, making it ideal for high-voltage scenarios. An active disturbance rejection control (ADRC)-based control scheme is used to maintain output voltage stability in the presence of disturbances. The proposed converter’s functionality and performance are assessed through simulations and experimental tests under various load conditions. A loss analysis, considering the losses from switches and diodes, is provided to determine the net efficiency. The results from both simulations and experiments show that the proposed converter achieves a high-voltage gain, excellent load regulation, and rapid transient response, highlighting its potential for applications that require a high-voltage boosting operation.

Transformer-less high gain DC–DC converter design and analysis for fuel cell vehicles

High-power converters with significant gains represent established configurations that hold appeal for applications in the industrial and commercial sectors, such as fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEV), energy backup systems, and automotive headlamps. Existing literature predominantly features topologies employing a single-duty ratio. However, this singular approach may not be dependable for operations with high-duty cycles, necessitating the incorporation of additional components to enhance voltage gain. To address this, the current study introduces the concept of time-sharing within the context of a high-gain non-isolated DC–DC converter. This innovative approach achieves substantially higher output voltage gains, approximately 13.33 times that of the input voltage. The analysis of the proposed converter is approached from various perspectives. Finally, it is examined within the MATLAB/Simulink environment, where the theoretical analysis is validated, and an efficiency of 97.4% is achieved.

A New Smart Grid Hybrid DC–DC Converter with Improved Voltage Gain and Synchronized Multiple Outputs

This paper introduces a new hybrid DC–DC converter with enhanced voltage gain and synchronized multiple output capabilities, specifically tailored for smart grid applications. The proposed converter is based on the integration of non-isolated Zeta and Mahafzah converters, comprising a single controlled switch, two diodes, three inductors, and two coupling capacitors. The primary objective of this novel hybrid converter is to improve voltage gain as compared to conventional Zeta and Mahafzah topologies. By achieving higher voltage gain at lower duty cycles, the converter effectively reduces voltage stress on semiconductor switches and output diodes, thereby enhancing overall performance and reliability. A comprehensive examination of the hybrid converter’s operating principle is presented, along with detailed calculations of duty cycle and switching losses. The paper also explores the converter’s application in smart grids, specifically in the context of renewable energy systems and electric vehicles. Two distinct scenarios are analyzed to evaluate the converter’s efficacy. Firstly, the converter is assessed as a DC–DC converter for renewable energy systems, highlighting its relevance in sustainable energy applications. Secondly, the converter is evaluated as an electric vehicle adapter, showcasing its potential in the transportation sector. To validate the converter’s performance, extensive simulations are carried out using MATLAB/SIMULINK with parameters set at 25 kW, 200 V, and 130 A. The simulation results demonstrate the converter’s ability to efficiently supply multiple loads with opposing energy flows, making it a promising technology for optimized grid management and energy distribution. Moreover, the paper investigates the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the grid current, focusing on its impact in smart grid environments. Notably, the new hybrid converter topology achieves a THD of 21.11% for the grid current, indicating its ability to effectively mitigate harmonics and improve power quality. Overall, this research introduces a cutting-edge hybrid DC–DC converter that enhances voltage gain and synchronizes multiple outputs, specifically catering to the requirements of smart grid applications. The findings underscore the converter’s potential to significantly contribute to the advancement of efficient and resilient power conversion technologies for smart grids, enabling seamless integration of renewable energy systems and electric vehicles into the grid.

Feedback enhanced Dyakonov–Shur instability in graphene field-effect transistors

Graphene devices are known to have the potential to operate THz signals. In particular, graphene field-effect transistors (gFETs) have been proposed as devices to host plasmonic instabilities in the THz realm; for instance, Dyakonov–Shur (DS) instability which relies upon dc excitation. In this work, starting from a hydrodynamical description of the charge carriers, we extend the transmission line description of gFETs to a scheme with a positive feedback loop, also considering the effects of delay, which leads to the transcendental Laplace-transform transfer function, with complex frequency s, with terms of the form e−assechk(s)/s , for a given a∈R0+ arising from the delay time and with k∈N . Applying the conditions for the excitation of DS instability, we report an enhanced voltage gain in the linear regime that is corroborated by our simulations of the nonlinear hydrodynamic model for the charge carriers. This translates to both greater saturation amplitude—often up to 50% increase—and faster growth rate of the self-oscillations. Thus, we bring forth a prospective concept for the realization of a THz oscillator suitable for future plasmonic circuitry.

Integration of hybrid PV-wind system for electric vehicle charging: Towards a sustainable future

This research addresses the pressing need for sustainable energy solutions in the context of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging. It focuses on the integration of Hybrid Renewable Energy Sources (HRES) such as Photovoltaic (PV) and wind systems, coupled with grid connectivity to ensure uninterrupted power supply. The study's primary objective is to design an efficient HRES framework that optimally harnesses solar and wind energy for EV battery charging while maintaining grid compatibility. The research introduces a novel approach by incorporating a High Gain Zeta-SEPIC (HGZS) converter to enhance power output of PV system. A key innovation lies in the development of a Type 2 Fuzzy Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) controller that ensures precise tracking of maximum power point (MPP), thus optimizing the operation of HGZS converter and maximizing the energy extraction from PV system. Additionally, a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind system, controlled by Proportional Integral (PI) controller is implemented, for maintaining controlled voltage levels, ensuring system stability, and enhancing overall performance under diverse operating conditions. Furthermore, the research focuses on grid interaction, allowing surplus energy generated by HRES to be efficiently supplied to grid, making it available for consumption during peak demand periods. A PI controller is implemented on the grid side to ensure effective voltage control and synchronization with the grid. The proposed HRES architecture is rigorously validated through extensive MATLAB simulations. The results demonstrate exceptional efficiency, with proposed converter achieving an efficiency rating of 99.6 % and significantly enhanced voltage gain.

Performance Enhancement of Organic Ternary Logic Circuits through UV Irradiation and Geometry Optimization

AbstractMultivalued logic (MVL) circuits offer higher information density compared with conventional binary logic circuits. However, achieving a proper balance between logic states and a low‐voltage gain remains a challenge in MVL devices. This study proposes two strategies to address this problem: using the optical absorption of organic semiconductors and optimizing device geometry. A ternary inverter is fabricated using a series circuit consisting of an antiambipolar transistor with a heterojunction of C8‐BTBT and PTCDI‐C8 semiconductors and a PTCDI‐C8 transistor. Although the inverter exhibits three distinct logic levels, it suffers from an inadequate voltage balance between the ternary logic states. To overcome this, UV light irradiation is employed first to modulate the transistor characteristics, thus improving the output voltage level and input voltage range of the logic ½ state. Subsequently, the channel length of the PTCDI‐C8 transistor is optimized to further enhance the voltage transfer characteristics of the inverter. Through these combined techniques, ideal output voltage levels are achieved for all three logic states along with an enhanced voltage gain during the transition from the logic ½ state to the logic 0 state. This work is thus an advancement toward reliable, efficient organic ternary logic circuits.

Analysis and Design of LCCL Resonant Converter Based on Time-Domain Model for Bidirectional Onboard Charger Applications

A novel bidirectional LCCL resonant dc-dc converter is proposed in this paper. By substituting the magnetizing inductance of CLLC with a parallel resonant capacitor, the LCCL resonant converter obtains enhanced voltage gain regulation capability compared to CLLC while maintaining zero-voltage switching for the inverting side and zero-current switching for the rectifier side during bidirectional power flow. The state of the isolated bidirectional dc-dc converters is thoroughly reviewed in this study. The operating principle and gain characteristic of LCCL under bidirectional power flow are explored in detail adopting time domain model (TDM), which effectively overcomes the drawback of the lower accuracy of the first harmonic approximation (FHA) in wide voltage range applications and guarantees the achievement of ZVS in time-domain accuracy. A parameters optimization method of LCCL is provided to address the wide voltage range of battery applications, which is capable of achieving the required bidirectional voltage gain and ZVS operation over the designed frequency range under the desired load conditions while minimizing reactive power. Finally, a laboratory prototype rated at 1kW is developed to convert between 400V and 250V∼450V bidirectional. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed LCCL topology and the validity of the corresponding parameters optimization method.

Enhanced Voltage Gain Boost DC–DC Converter With Reduced Voltage Stress and Core Saturation

A non-isolated enhanced voltage gain boost DC-DC converter is proposed in this paper. Utilization of a single inductor, common ground, continuous input current, improved voltage gain, reduced operating duty ratio, and reduced component voltage stress are the attractive features of the proposed converter. The proposed architecture aims to improve the numerator part of the voltage gain and achieves an ideal gain of 25 at 40% duty ratio. Hence, it is recommended for application that requires 800 V from a 48 V input. Operation of the converter at a lower duty ratio reduces the core saturation problem of the inductor. In addition, the voltage stress of all the components is much less than the output voltage. The steady-state analysis of the converter is presented for ideal and non-deal component characteristics. The hardware implementation has been done for 500 W, 800 V, 50 kHz. The extensive comparative study proves that the improved numerator part of the voltage gain and reduced voltage stress are the significant merits of the proposed converter compared to the conventional converters. The above features attract the application of the proposed converter in the integration of fuel cells, solar PV, etc.

Analysis and Design of Two-Switch Enhanced Gain SEPIC Converter

A two-switch, enhanced gain single-ended primary inductor converter (SEPIC) is proposed with key benefits of enhanced voltage gain, reduced voltage stress and better efficiency, as it is suitable for low voltage green energy applications. Further, reduced voltage stress between the intermediate capacitors is a notable attribute of this converter. The converter components are designed with proper design procedure and a steady-state analysis is performed to study its operation. A small-signal analysis of the proposed converter is also presented to examine the pole-zero positions. Also, this paper includes the performance comparison with other similar converters. Simulation and experimental results of the proposed converter with a rating of 100 W/50 kHz and input and output voltages of 20 V and 200 V, respectively are provided. Efficiency as well as power loss distribution are also investigated in this study.

A Novel Nonisolated Buck–Boost DC–DC Converter With Low Voltage Stress on Components

This paper proposes a new non-isolated DC-DC buck-boost converter with low voltage stress on components and enhanced voltage gain. This converter has a high voltage gain in boost mode and is capable of reducing the voltage level significantly in the buck mode, which makes it suitable for renewable energy and other industrial applications. Moreover, the number of components in this converter is low and the input current is continuous. Operational principles of the proposed converter in both CCM and DCM are presented, efficiency analysis is discussed, and small-signal model is derived. Comparisons between the presented converter and related buckboost converters are given in terms of voltage gain, voltage stress on components, number of elements, etc. Besides, a singleinput multi-output converter based on the proposed topology is presented. Experimental results from a lab-scale prototype are given for both buck and boost modes in order to verify the performance of the converter.

A Transformerless Boost-Modified Cuk Combined Single-Switch DC-DC Converter Topology with Enhanced Voltage Gain

HIGHLIGHTS Single-switch configuration for the proposed hybrid converter is employed. Static voltage gain of the proposed hybrid topology is improved. Power switch is subjected to low voltage-current stress. The power conversion efficiency of the proposed converter is improved.

Fuzzy Based Interleaved Step-up Converter for Electric Vehicle

This work focuses on the fuzzy controller for the proposed three-phase interleaved Step-up converter (ISC). The fuzzy controller for the proposed ISC converters for electric vehicles has been discussed in detail. The proposed ISC direct current (DC-DC) converter could also be used in automobiles, satellites, industries, and propulsion. To enhance voltage gain, the proposed ISC Converter combines boost converter and interleaved converter (IC). This design also reduces the number of switches. As a result, ISC converter switching losses are reduced. The proposed ISC Converter topology can produce a 143 V output voltage and 1 kW of power. Due to the high voltage gain of this converter design, it is suitable for medium and high-power systems. The proposed ISC Converter topology is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The simulated output displays a high output voltage. But the output voltage contains maximum ripples. Fuzzy proposes an ISC Converter which makes closed loop responsiveness and reduces the output voltage ripple. The proposed ISC converter has the lowest ripple output voltage, which is less than 2%, because the duty cycle is regulated using the fuzzy logic controller. It offers high voltage gain, minimal ripple, and low switching loss. The performance of the proposed converter is compared to that of the fuzzy and Proportional Integral (PI) controllers implemented in MATLAB.

Voltage Gain Enhancement of Solid-State Pulse Modulator by Adapting Sequential cum Parallel Charging of Capacitors

This article proposes a new capacitor charging mechanism, “sequential cum parallel charging of capacitors (S+P-CC),” for enhancing the voltage gain of the pulse modulators. It also proposes a new high-gain pulse modulator, i.e., a modular bipolar pulse generator (MBPG). This article first introduces the charging mechanism, and then to show its feasibility, the mechanism is applied to the MBPG. The capacitors of the MBPG are charged using the proposed “S+P-CC” mechanism and suitably enabled the MBPG to achieve an enhanced voltage gain. In addition to the enhanced voltage gain, the MBPG also offers the following benefits: flexibility in generating the pulsed output at variable amplitude, polarity, width, and repetitiveness. To understand the concept, a detailed analytical approach is presented in the article, and to verify the correctness of the approach, 1.2-kV (pk-pk) pulse generating MBPG prototype consisting of two modules and two stages is designed and tested. The experimental results provided validate that the prototype successfully generated 2−10 μs, unipolar/bipolar pulses with a repetition rate of 10,000 pulses per second.

An SVM Scheme for Three-Level Quasi-Switched Boost T-Type Inverter With Enhanced Voltage Gain and Capacitor Voltage Balance

This article introduces a space vector control method for the three-level quasi-switched boost T-type inverter, which provides some benefits such as: good output voltage quality, high voltage gain, and low voltage stress on power devices. By applying corresponding P-type or N-type small vectors in switching sequence, the neutral-point voltage unbalance problem can be solved easily. The advantage of this modulation solution is that it does not require any extra calculations. The upper-shoot-through and lower-shoot-through states are utilized instead of full-shoot-through, which is usually used in traditional single-stage three-level impedance source inverter, to ensure the boost capability of the inverter. These states are inserted into small vectors in order not to affect the output line-to-line voltage. Some investigations about voltage gain, diode, and switch voltage stress have been conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results are also presented to validate the accuracy of the proposed modulation method. The proposed approach has resulted in efficiency rise by 2% as compared to the conventional PWM scheme.

Analysis and Controller Design for Positive Output Boost Converter With Low Current Stress on Output Capacitor

A nonisolated positive output fifth-order dc-dc boost converter is proposed in this article. This topology is developed from the existing fourth-order boost converter (FOBC) by appropriately inserting a charge-pump cell. Compared to FOBC, the proposed topology offers enhanced voltage gain with reduced switch voltage stress. The proposed converter has an advantage of continuous output-port current over existing boost topologies, which reduces the output capacitor current stress. The voltage conversion ratio and L-C design equations in terms of their ripple quantities are formulated by time-domain analysis. Thereafter, a summary of comparison between the proposed converter and existing boost topologies is presented. The duty-to-output voltage transfer function obtained through the average state-space model shows minimum phase behavior. A PID type voltage-mode controller is designed using the dominant pole placement technique to ensure predefined time-domain specifications along with sufficient dominance factor. Maximum sensitivity (M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> ) is adopted as a measure to ensure the required robustness of the closed-loop system. The analysis and voltage-mode controller design are verified through experimental results. The dynamic performance and robustness of the closed-loop system tested experimentally are in agreement with the desired requirements.

WITHDRAWN: A novel hybrid DC/DC and modified quasi Z-source converter for enhanced voltage gain

Abstract This paper proposes the use of a novel non-isolated high gain DC/DC converter using an amalgamation of the switched-capacitor networks and modified quasi Z-Source. The suggested converter has an appropriate number of components, but its capacitors and semiconductors meet the low voltage stresses. Besides, the new converter's voltage gain is substantially higher at lower duty cycles, when compared with other converters. The new converter's efficiency is 90.488% and the gain value is 5.6. Furthermore, the steady-state analysis is specified with the design of passive components. Finally, simulation results are given in MATLAB for validation of the theoretical analysis.

Experimental validation of solar panel integrated modified three-port active clamp flyback converter fed micro-inverter

In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV) tied modified three-port active flyback converter (MTPACFC) operated three-phase micro-inverter is presented to provide enhanced voltage gain with fewer components. The proposed micro-inverter transfers the power generated on the 12 V PV power generation system to 400 V, AC grid. Generally, the DC-DC converter designed with an active clamp circuit provides improved power transfer capability to transfer the power from the PV array. The conventional active clamp flyback converters are designed to offer a limited boost factor for the input voltage. The recommended three-port altered flyback converter is intended to offer double boosting for the input voltage with extended performance. Besides, a synchronous reference frame theory with an artificial neural network based grid side controller is adapted to provide low total harmonic distortion at the point of common coupling. The outcomes of the simulated and test models are introduced to approve the boosting capacity and performance of the proposed MTPACFC.

Design and Simulation of High-Gain DC-DC Converter using P&amp;O Algorithm with Bi-Directional Converter for Minimum Voltage Standalone Solar PV System

The inexhaustible source of energy which produced from sun through radiation and it is readily available source at free of cost. Solar Photo Voltaic (PV) systems are used as a primary source to produce power. The solar PV system needs DC-DC converter with enhanced voltage gain as well as efficiency. A typical DC-DC converter provides constrained gain and productivity as increase in requirements. For organization of battery Bidirectional converter is used which allows the energy flow in both the direction. The complete working of below voltage PV system and battery that is used are worked by using various dc converters from which the efficiency and gain level can be improved. Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) is employed to receive peak power from solar PV by sustaining DC line voltage and satisfy power requirements. The perturb and observe (P&amp;O) algorithm is mostly used to obtain the high voltage from solar PV. The entire framework is designed and simulated using MATLAB-Simulink toolbox.

High Voltage Gain Inverters From Artificially Stacked Bilayer CVD Graphene FETs

In this letter, we report on inverters made from graphene field effect transistors with channels of artificially stacked bilayer graphene (ASBLG). The materials were grown by scalable chemical vapor deposition. The devices demonstrate enhanced voltage gain ( $\mathrm{A}_\mathrm {v}$ ) figures at relatively lower input voltages when compared with devices with single layer graphene channels. A gain value as high as 7.134 is obtained using ASBLG-based inverters without any applied back-gate voltage. The improved performance is discussed in terms of transconductance and contact resistance. Our results suggest that ASBLG-based inverters may be useful for future RF circuit applications.

Transconductance improvement method for low-voltage bulk-driven input stage

A proposed transconductance enhanced method for low-voltage bulk-driven input stage is presented in this paper. The basic idea is to use current–shunt auxiliary amplifier to improve the voltage gain from the inputs to the gates of bulk-driven pairs. The enhanced voltage gain of the auxiliary amplifier leads to the improvement of the effective transconductance of the input stage. Results show that the transconductance of the OTA using the proposed bulk-driven input stage improves almost 200% without additional power and area dissipation compared to the conventional bulk-driven counterpart.